1、Designation: E872 82 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forVolatile Matter in the Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E872; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the percentage of gaseousproducts, exclusive of moisture vapor, in the analysis sam
3、ple ofparticulate wood fuel that is released under the specificconditions of the test. The particulate wood fuel may besanderdust, sawdust, pellets, green tree chips, hogged fuel, orother type particulate wood fuel having a maximum particlevolume of 16.39 cm3(1 in.3). Volatile matter, when determine
4、das herein described, may be used to indicate yields onprocesses to provide the basis for purchasing and selling or toestablish burning characteristics.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does
5、not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standa
6、rds:2D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisE871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of ParticulateWood Fuels3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Volatile matter is determined by establishing the loss inweight re
7、sulting from heating wood under rigidly controlledconditions. The measured weight loss, corrected for moistureas determined in Method E871, establishes the volatile mattercontent.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test procedures described in this test method can beused to determine the percentage of ga
8、seous products, exclu-sive of moisture vapor, of any particulate wood fuel meetingthe requirements specified in this test method.5. Apparatus5.1 Platinum Crucible, with closely fitting cover, or anickel-chromium crucible, with closely fitting cover, pre-firedto oxidize and stabilize the weight. The
9、crucible shall be of notless than 10 or more than 20-mL capacity, not less than 25 ormore than 35 mm in diameter, and not less than 30 or morethan 35 mm in height.5.2 Vertical Electric Tube FurnaceThe furnace may be ofthe form shown in Fig. 1. It shall be regulated to maintain atemperature of 950 6
10、20C in the crucible, as measured by athermocouple positioned in the furnace.6. Procedure6.1 Sampling:6.1.1 Place of SamplingTake sample where wood is beingloaded into or unloaded from means of transportation or whendischarged from storage bins or conveyors.NOTE 1Samples collected from the surface of
11、 piles are, in general,unreliable because of the exposure to the environment. If necessary,collect nine increments from a foot or more below the surface at ninepoints covering the pile.6.1.2 Collection of Gross Sample:6.1.2.1 Collect increments regularly, systematically, andwith such frequency that
12、the entire quantity of wood sampledwill be represented proportionally in the gross sample.6.1.2.2 The quantity of the sample shall be large enough tobe representative but not less than 10 kg (22 lb).6.1.2.3 Place samples in an airtight container immediatelyafter collection. Maintain samples in the a
13、irtight containerwhenever possible to prevent gains or losses in moisture fromthe atmosphere.6.1.3 Sample reduction may be done by two methods, aconing and dividing process, or by using a riffle. Mixing,coning, and quartering are described and illustrated in PracticeD346.6.1.3.1 Coning and dividing
14、reduction is accomplished byplacing the gross sample on a sheet of rubber or oil cloth.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 onBioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.Current edition appr
15、oved Aug. 15, 2013. Published November 2013. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E872 82 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/E0872-82R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
16、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Thoroughly mix it by raising first one corner of the cloth andthen the other. After mixing,
17、cone and quarter sample. Con-tinue the operations until the sample is reduced sufficiently sothat one quarter weighs about 50 g (0.11 lb). This shallconstitute a laboratory sample.6.1.3.2 Riffle reduction is accomplished by using a standardcoal riffle. The gross sample is riffled repeatedly until on
18、e halfof the riffle sample equals about 50 g (0.11 lb) which willconstitute a laboratory sample. Riffles and procedures aredescribed in Practice D2013.6.2 Reduce the sample to a smaller particle size by use ofcutting or shearing type laboratory mill. The final productshould pass through a 1-mm or sm
19、aller screen. Depending onthe specific product this step may involve more than one stageof reduction, that is, passing the sample through a mill with alarger size screen first and then milled to pass the final screen.Minimum atmospheric exposure is recommended and themilling process should be conduc
20、ted to avoid significantmoisture means to ensure thorough intermix of heavy fines andmilled fluff.FIG. 1 Electric Furnace for Determining Volatile MatterE872 82 (2013)26.3 Weigh the crucible and cover to the nearest 0.01 g andrecord as crucible weight, Wc. Place approximately1gofsample in the crucib
21、le, cover, weigh the crucible, cover, andsample to the nearest 0.01 g, and record as initial weight, Wi.6.4 Place the covered crucible with sample on platinum ornickel-chromium wire supports and insert directly into thefurnace chamber, which shall be maintained at a temperature of950 6 20C, and lowe
22、r immediately to the 950C zone.Regulation of the temperature to within the prescribed limits iscritical. After the more rapid discharge of volatile matter hassubsided as shown by the disappearance of the luminous flame,inspect the crucible (Note 2) to verify the lid is still properlyseated. If neces
23、sary, reseat the lid to guard against the admis-sion of air into the crucible. Do this as rapidly as possible byraising the crucible to the top of the furnace chamber, reposi-tion the lid as described in Practice D2013 to more perfectlyseal the crucible, then lower immediately back to the 950Czone.
24、After heating for a total of exactly 7 min, remove thecrucible from the furnace and, without disturbing the cover,allow it to cool in a desiccator. Weigh the covered crucible withsample as soon as cold to the nearest 0.1 mg and record as finalweight, Wf.NOTE 2Inspection of the crucible may be aided
25、by the use of a mirrorheld above the furnace well.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the weight loss percent as follows:Weight loss, % 5 100 3 Wi2 Wf!/Wi2 Wc! 5 A (1)where:Wc= weight of crucible and cover, g,Wi= initial weight, g, andWf= final weight, g.7.2 Calculate the volatile matter percent in the anal
26、ysissamples as follows:Volatile matter in analysis sample, % 5 A 2 B (2)where:A = weight loss %, andB = moisture, %, as determined using Method E871.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results:8.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same
27、 labora-tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ bymore than 0.3 %.8.1.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by two ormore laboratories should not be considered suspect unless theydiffer by more than 1.0 %.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent ri
28、ghts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at an
29、y time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments w
30、ill receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by A
31、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E872 82 (2013)3
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