1、Designation: F 1001 99a (Reapproved 2006)Standard Guide forSelection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective ClothingMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of chemicals can be exposed tonumerous compou
3、nds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleteriouseffects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, to chronicdegenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Because engineering controls may noteliminate all possible exposures
4、, attention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skincontact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.Standard test methods are being established to measure degradation, penetration, and permeationchemical resistance of protective cl
5、othing materials. Chemical resistance information for a number ofchemicals often accompanies many protective clothing articles. However, because there are so manypossible protective clothing and chemical combinations, the number and type of chemicals appearingin chemical resistance tables vary exten
6、sively.This guide establishes a standardized list of chemicals to be used in evaluating protective clothingmaterials. The list of chemicals includes a broad range of representative chemical classes andproperties. This guide is intended to provide a minimum set of chemicals in generating test results
7、 forprotective clothing users and to aid in screening new materials.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a recommendedlist of both liquid and gaseous chemicals for evaluatingprotective clothing materials in testing programs.1.2 Results derived from testing programs using these listsof
8、 challenge chemicals are not intended for the definitivecharacterization of protective clothing materials.1.3 This list of challenge chemicals is not inclusive of allchemical challenges; the chemicals were chosen to representbroad ranges of liquid and gaseous chemical classes andproperties. Not all
9、chemical classes are represented. Otherchemicals, especially those of interest to the manufacturer oruser, should be tested in addition to those recommended in thisguide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
10、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazardsstatement is given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clot
11、hingMaterials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-ditions of Continuous ContactF 903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing2.2 OSHA Standards:329 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene Oxide29 CFR 1910.10
12、51 1,3-Butadiene29 CFR 1910.1052 Dichloromethane2.3 Other Standards:1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on ProtectiveClothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originallyapprove
13、d in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1001 - 99a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
14、site.3Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Compressed Gas Association Publication P-1 Safe Han-dling of Co
15、mpressed Gases in Containers43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 challenge chemical, na chemical used to contact aprotective clothing material sample to determine chemical/protective clothing material interactions or compatibility.3.1.2 degradation, nthe deleterious change in one or moreproperties o
16、f a material.3.1.3 penetration, nin a protective clothing material oritem, the process by which a solid, liquid, or gas movesthrough closures, seams, interstices, and pinholes or otherimperfections on a non-molecular level.3.1.4 permeation, nthe process by which a chemicalmoves through a protective
17、clothing material on a molecularlevel.3.1.4.1 DiscussionPermeation involves the following: (1)sorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted(challenge side) surface of a material; (2) diffusion of thesorbed molecules in the material; and (3) desorption of themolecules from the opposite (co
18、llection side) surface of thematerial.3.1.5 protective clothing material, nany material or com-bination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purposeof isolating parts of the body from a potential hazard.3.1.6 totally encapsulating chemical protective suit, nafull body garment that is con
19、structed of protective clothingmaterials; covers the wearers torso, head, arms, and legs; maycover the wearers hands and feet with tightly attached glovesand boots; completely encloses the wearer by itself or incombination with the wearers respiratory equipment, gloves,and boots.3.1.7 For definition
20、s of protective clothing terms used inthis guide, refer to Terminology F 1494.4. Summary of Guide4.1 In this guide, two lists of challenge chemicals arerecommended to be used in testing programs to evaluatechemical/protective clothing material interactions or compat-ibility. One list includes 15 liq
21、uid chemicals while the other listincludes six gaseous chemicals. Users of this guide mayevaluate protective clothing materials against either list or bothlists in combination.4.2 Types of testing programs are not specified. However,when a protective clothing material is tested in accordance withthi
22、s guide and any appropriate test method, all results anddocumentation required by the test method should be reportedfor each chemical tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide establishes a recommended list of challengechemicals to encourage those who evaluate chemical protectiveclothing to test
23、a minimum number of chemicals in common.This list will simplify the comparison of data from differentsources.5.2 This guide may also serve material developers orevaluators in screening candidate protective clothing materials.5.3 Test methods applicable to the use of this guide include,but are not li
24、mited to, Test Methods F 903 and F 739.5.3.1 The battery of chemical gases shall not be used fortesting material penetration resistance because Test MethodF 903 has been designed for measuring liquid penetration only.5.3.2 Evaluation of materials against the gaseous chemicalbattery is primarily inte
25、nded for those materials used in theconstruction of totally-encapsulating protective suits or otherclothing items that are designed to prevent exposure tochemical vapors or gases.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is int
26、ended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society wheresuch specifications are available.5Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without less
27、ening the accuracy ofthe determination.6.2 List of Recommended Liquid Test ChemicalsReagentsare listed by common name, synonym, and Chemical AbstractRegistry Service (CAS) number:6.2.1 Acetone (2-propanone),667-64-1,6.2.2 Acetonitrile (cyanomethane), 75-05-8,6.2.3 Carbon Disulfide, 75-15-0,6.2.4 Dic
28、hloromethane (methylene chloride), 75-09-2,6.2.5 Diethylamine, 109-89-7,6.2.6 Dimethylformamide (DMF), 68-12-2,6.2.7 Ethyl Acetate, 141-78-6,6.2.8 n-Hexane, 110-54-3,6.2.9 Methanol (methyl alcohol, carbinol), 67-56-1,6.2.10 Nitrobenzene, 98-95-3,6.2.11 Sodium Hydroxide (50 % w/w), 1310-73-2,6.2.12 S
29、ulfuric Acid (93.1 % sp gr 1.84, 66 Be8), 7664-93-9,6.2.13 Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), 127-18-4,6.2.14 Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 1,4-epoxybutane), 109-99-9, and6.2.15 Toluene (toluol), 108-88-3.6.3 List of Recommended Gaseous Test ChemicalsReagents are listed by common name, minimum purity,
30、 syn-onyms, and Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number.6.3.1 Ammonia, anhydrous, (99.99 %), 7664-41-76.3.2 1,3-Butadiene, inhibited, (99.0 %(bivinyl, vinyleth-ylene, biethylene), 106-99-06.3.3 Chlorine, 99.5 %, 7782-50-56.3.4 Ethylene Oxide, (99.7 %), (oxirane, 1,2-epoxyethane),75-21-84Available fr
31、om Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 1725 Jefferson DavisHwy., Suite 1004, Arlington, VA 22202-4102.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Anala
32、r Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.6Chemical Abstracts Service, Division of American Chemical Society, 2540Olentangy River Road, Box 3012, Columbus, OH
33、43210.F 1001 99a (2006)26.3.5 Hydrogen Chloride, (99.0 %), (hydrochloric acid),7647-01-06.3.6 Methyl Chloride, (99.5 %), (chloromethane), 74-87-37. Safety Hazards7.1 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions anddisposal procedures for chemicals and contaminated protectiveclothing material sho
34、uld be identified and reviewed to providefull protection to all personnel. Consult chemical MaterialSafety Data Sheets on each chemical to determine all proper-ties and hazards related to their use, storage, and disposal.7.2 Ethylene Oxide, 1,3-Butadiene, and Dichloromethaneare listed by OSHA as car
35、cinogens and require special han-dling. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.1047, 29 CFR 1910.1051, and 29CFR 1910.1052, respectively. Dimethylformamide, nitroben-zene, and tetrachloroethylene are listed as possibly carcino-genic by IARC7.7.3 The appropriate gas connectors, regulators, and compat-ible materials sh
36、ould be used with gaseous chemicals asrecommended by the Compressed Gas Association. Refer toCGA Publication P-1.7.4 Adequate ventilation should be provided at all timesduring testing. Ventilation is particularly important whentesting any gases.8. Procedure8.1 For the proper implementation of this g
37、uide, manufac-turers or others reporting results of testing programs involvingthe list of recommended challenge chemicals should report testresults for all chemicals on the list. If a chemical or chemicalsare not tested, the reason should be provided in place of the testresults.8.2 Care should be ex
38、ercised in the interpretation of testresults from testing programs using the list of challengechemicals. Users of this guide should exercise particularcaution in making inferences of protective clothing materialbehavior for chemicals or protective clothing materials thatmay seem similar.8.3 When usi
39、ng this guide for comparison between differenttesting programs involving the same test method, the usershould check the details and test parameters used in each testto ascertain whether a sufficient basis exists for comparingtesting program results. For example, the detector sensitivity,length of te
40、st, and permeation rate should be considered whenusing this guide in conjunction with Test Method F 739.9. Keywords9.1 chemical testing; chemicals; gaseous chemicals; liquidchemicals; protective clothingAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 Selection of ChemicalsChemicals were selected
41、 toprovide representation for a wide range of chemical classes andproperties. Other criteria included how common the chemicalwas in industrial operations and transportation, the ease ofhandling the chemical, the hazards of the chemical, and if thechemical was known to permeate some protective clothi
42、ngmaterials easily. Not all chemical classes or categories arerepresented in this list.X1.2 Acetone (ketone)Used in interlaboratory testing ofTest Method F 739; common industrial/non-industrial solvent.X1.3 AcetonitrileNitrile compound.X1.4 AmmoniaBasic gas; high volume chemical com-modity.X1.5 1,3
43、ButadieneUnsaturated hydrocarbon gas.X1.6 Carbon DisulfideSulfur-containing organic com-pound.X1.7 ChlorineAcid gas; high volume chemical commod-ity.X1.8 DichloromethaneChlorinated paraffin.X1.9 DiethylamineAmine.X1.10 DimethylformamideAmide.X1.11 Ethyl AcetateEster.X1.12 Ethylene OxideHeterocyclic
44、ether gas.X1.13 n-HexaneSaturated hydrocarbon.X1.14 Hydrogen ChlorideInorganic acid gas.X1.15 MethanolPrimary alcohol.X1.16 Methyl ChlorideChlorinated hydrocarbon gas.X1.17 NitrobenzeneNitro-compound.X1.18 Sodium HydroxideInorganic base; largest produc-tion volume for base; concentration (50 %) chos
45、en as commonfor transport and industrial applications.7International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours AlbertThomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France; http:/www.iarc.fr.F 1001 99a (2006)3X1.19 Sulfuric AcidInorganic mineral acid; largestchemical production volume in the United States; conce
46、ntra-tion (93.1 %, 66 Be8) was chosen as common for transport andin several industrial applications.X1.20 TetrachloroethyleneChlorinated olefin.X1.21 TetrahydrofuranBoth heterocyclic and ether com-pound.X1.22 TolueneAromatic hydrocarbon.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
47、 any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
48、revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Y
49、our comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacti
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