ASTM F1004-2009 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures.pdf

1、Designation: F 1004 09Standard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and expandab

3、le enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren in V-sha

4、pes at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer safety spec

5、ification is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirem

6、ents.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimumsafety performance re

7、quirements, test methods, and require-ments for labeling and instructional material to minimizehazards to young children resulting from the normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse and abuse of expansion gatesand expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandableenclosures

8、, or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young childrenaged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined inSection 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confused withothe

9、r types of gates or enclosures that may be specificallydesigned for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, orany other such use.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined inSection 3, that is, produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification either by la

10、bel or other means,shall indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all the requirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclo-sures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to inthis consumer safety specification as “gates” and “e

11、nclosures”unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains only to the test

12、 methods portion,Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regula

13、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the di

14、rect responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 1004 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.

15、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Baby Cribs/

16、Play Yards2.2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for ChildSafety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3 Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, In-clud

17、ing Parts:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Useby Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Ei

18、ght-Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 completely-bounded openin

19、g, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is enclosed totally by bound-aries on all sides.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when thegate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recom-mended use position, to a person standing near the gate/expandable enclosure at any one p

20、osition around the gate/expandable enclosure, but not necessarily visible from allpositions.3.1.3 double-action locking mechanism, nlocking mecha-nism that requires two distinct and separate actions in a singlelock to activate the release mechanism.3.1.4 expandable enclosures, nself-supporting barri

21、er in-tended to completely surround an area or play-space withinwhich a young child (see 1.2) may be confined. Enclosuresmay be marketed for indoor or outdoor use, or both.3.1.5 expansion gate, nbarrier intended to be erected in anopening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (

22、see 1.2), but which can be removed by older personswho are able to operate the locking mechanism. Such gates areavailable in a number of different styles of construction and aremanufactured from a variety of different materials.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position(s)anyposition to prevent pa

23、ssage of a child which the manufacturerrepresents as a normal, allowable or acceptable configuration.This specifically excludes positions, which the manufacturershows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable,unsafe or not recommended.3.1.7 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as pl

24、asticor metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material, which tears with-out the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 partially-bounded opening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is no

25、t enclosed totally byboundaries on all sides. For example, a V-shape in the top of anaccordion slat-style product or a rectangular notch resultingfrom a gap between a wall surface and the main structure of ababy gate would be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.10 static load, nvertically dow

26、nward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor whichmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor cover,unless the test instructs differently.4.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be com

27、pletely as-sembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with themanufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in aroom with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) forat least 1 h prior to testing

28、. Testing then shall be conductedwithin this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the

29、assembly of anycomponents or locking or attaching device (or devices) that areintended to be removed by the consumer during daily opera-tions.5.3 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing to this consumer safety specificat

30、ion.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.5 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that folds,or has a moveable panel, shall have a latching or lockingdevice or other provision in the design that will prev

31、ent the unitfrom unintentionally folding when properly placed in themanufacturers recommended use position. The unit shallremain in its manufacturers recommended use position duringand upon completion of the test, described at 7.1. If a unit isdesigned with a latching or locking device in order to p

32、reventfolding or to keep the unit in the closed position, that deviceshall remain engaged and operative after testing.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also

33、admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product sh

34、allbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended positions.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K.4Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent of Docu-ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.F10040925.6.1 Openi

35、ngs through multiple wall sections and openingscreated by multiple wall sections must meet the size require-ments in 5.6 if the total thickness of the combined wall sectionsand any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in.(9.53 mm).5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, whic

36、his accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating aspace between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.1 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enc

37、losure when in the manufacturers recom-mended use position(s) shall be designed and constructed toprevent injury to the child from any scissoring, shearing, orpinching when members or components rotate about a commonaxis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise moverelative to one anothe

38、r. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching thatmay cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges ofany rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm)and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessiblepoint through the range of motion of such parts.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning lab

39、els (whether paper or nonpaper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.6.1-7.6.3.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.6.4.5.9.3 Nonpaper lab

40、els shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.6.5.5.10 Push-Out Test:5.10.1 All gates shall be tested in accordance with 7.7.Ateach test location, the average push-out force shall be aminimum of 10 lbf (45 N).5.10.2 Gates that are marketed as being usable at the top ofstairs sha

41、ll be tested in accordance with 7.7. At each testFIG. 1 OpeningsF1004093location, the average push-out force shall exceed 30 lbf(133 N). In addition, each individual force shall exceed 20 lbf(89 N). Gates that do not meet the test requirements in 8.5.5shall bear a warning that they shall not be used

42、 at the top ofstairs.5.11 The paint and surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The following performance requirements apply to gatesand enclosures when they are erected or installed in themanufacturers recommended use position.6.1.1 Completely-Boun

43、ded OpeningsOpenings shall notpermit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig. 2)when tested in accordance with 7.36.1.2 Height of SidesThe vertical distance from the floorto the lowest point of the uppermost surface shall not be lessthan 22 in. (560 mm) when measured from the floor.6.1.3

44、Vertical StrengthTop rails, slats, and framing com-ponents of the gates or enclosures shall be tested in accordancewith 7.1 and shall not fracture, disengage, fold, or have apermanent deflection that reduces the lowest point of theuppermost surface of a gate or enclosure (see 6.1.2)toadimension of l

45、ess than 22 in. (560 mm) when measuredvertically from the floor.6.1.4 Bottom SpacingThe vertical distance from the floorto the highest point of the lowermost surface of the unit shallnot permit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig.2) as tested in accordance with 7.3.6.1.5 Configuration

46、 of Uppermost EdgeA partiallybounded opening at any point in the uppermost edge of aproduct that is greater than 1.5 in (38 mm) in width and morethan 0.64 in. (16.2 mm) in depth shall be subjected to the testprocedure in 7.4 (see Fig. 3). During the test, no portions of theboundaries of the opening

47、shall simultaneously contact morethan one of surfaces “B,” “C,” or corner “BC” or “CC” in anycombination if they are not opposing sides of the center line ofTest Template B (see Fig. 4).6.1.6 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protec-tive components, such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used forpr

48、otection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers ortoes, between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, or if there isat least a 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component andits adjacent parent component, such components shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.5.7. Test Meth

49、ods7.1 Vertical Strength (6.1.3 and 5.5):7.1.1 GatesAdjust the gate to the maximum openingwidth recommended by the manufacturer. Apply a static loadof 45 lbf (200 N) vertically downward five times to each of thetop points of the gate (or on center for gates with horizontal toprail). The force shall be applied through a 2 by 2 by34 in. (50by 50 by 19 mm) wood block. Gradually apply the force within5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s, with approximately 5 sintervals between applications. Repeat the test with the gateadjusted to the minimum openi