ASTM F1004-2015 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures.pdf

1、Designation: F1004 13F1004 15Standard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and ex

3、pandable enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren in

4、 V-shapes at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer safet

5、y specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting re

6、quirements.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimum safety perform

7、ance requirements, test methods, and requirements forlabeling and instructional material to minimize hazards to young children resulting from the normal use and reasonably foreseeablemisuse and abuse of expansion gates and expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandable en

8、closures, or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young children aged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section 3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined in Section 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confus

9、ed with othertypes of gates or enclosures that may be specifically designed for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, or any other suchuse.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined in Section 3, that is, produced after the approval date of this consumersafety specification

10、 either by label or other means, shall indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all therequirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclosures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to in thisconsumer safety specification as “

11、gates” and “enclosures” unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains

12、only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine the applica

13、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 15

14、, 2015. Published July 2013September 2015. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asF1004 12.F1004 13. DOI: 10.1520/F1004-13.10.1520/F1004-15.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chan

15、ges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offic

16、ial document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards2.

17、2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for Child Safety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3 Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, Including Parts:1

18、6 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point inToys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight-Years o

19、f Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 completely-bounded opening, nany o

20、pening in the main structure of a product that is enclosed totally by boundaries onall sides.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when the gate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the gate/expandable enclosure at any one position aro

21、und the gate/expandable enclosure, butnot necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.3 double-action locking mechanism, nlocking mechanism that requires two distinct and separate actions in a single lockto activate the release mechanism.3.1.4 expandable enclosures, nself-supporting barrier intended

22、to completely surround an area or play-space within which ayoung child (see 1.2) may be confined. Enclosures may be marketed for indoor or outdoor use, or both.3.1.5 expansion gate, nbarrier intended to be erected in an opening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (see 1.2), b

23、ut which can be removed by older persons who are able to operate the locking mechanism. Such gates areavailable in a number of different styles of construction and are manufactured from a variety of different materials.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position(s)any position to prevent passage of

24、 a child which the manufacturerrepresents as a normal, allowable or acceptable configuration. This specifically excludes positions, which the manufacturer showsin a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe or not recommended.3.1.7 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as plastic

25、or metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material, which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 partially-bounded opening, nany opening in the main structure of a product that is not enc

26、losed totally by boundarieson all sides. For example, a V-shape in the top of an accordion slat-style product or a rectangular notch resulting from a gapbetween a wall surface and the main structure of a baby gate would be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.10 static load, nvertically downwa

27、rd force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor cover, unlessthe test instructs differently.4.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be com

28、pletely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least1 h prior to testin

29、g. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM webs

30、ite.3 Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4 Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.F1004 1524.5 All testing required by this specification

31、 shall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the assembly of any components or locking or attaching device (or devices) that are intendedto be removed by the

32、consumer during daily operations.5.3 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or after testingto this consumer safety specification.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of t

33、esting to this specification.5.5 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that folds, or has a moveable panel, shall have a latching or locking device orother provision in the design that will prevent the unit from unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufacturersrecommended use positi

34、on. The unit shall remain in its manufacturers recommended use position during and upon completion ofthe test, described at 7.1. If a unit is designed with a latching or locking device in order to prevent folding or to keep the unit inthe closed position, that device shall remain engaged and operati

35、ve after testing.5.5.1 Foot Pedal MechanismsThe gate shall remain locked/latched and in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test described in 7.2.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (

36、9.53 mm) thickand admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited in depth to0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by

37、 another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shall be evaluated in allmanufacturers recommended positions.5.6.1 Openings through multiple wall sections and openings created by multiple wall sections must meet the size requirementsin 5.6 if the total thickness of the combined

38、 wall sections and any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in. (9.53mm).5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, which is accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating a spacebetween coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater during static load testing in accordanc

39、e with 7.1 shall be covered or otherwisedesigned to prevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enclosure when in the manufacturers recommended useposition(s) shall be designed and constructed to prevent injury to the child from any scissoring, shearing,

40、or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to oneanother. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admita probe greater than 0.210 in. (5

41、.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessible point through the range ofmotion of such parts.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or nonpaper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.6.1 7.6.3.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface o

42、f the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.6.4.5.9.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.6.5.5.10 Push-Out Test:5.10.1 All gates shall be tested in accordance with 7.7. At

43、each test location, the average push-out force shall be a minimumof 10 lbf (45 N).5.10.2 Gates that are marketed as being usable at the top of stairs shall be tested in accordance with 7.7. At each test location,the average push-out force shall exceed 30 lbf (133 N). In addition, each individual for

44、ce shall exceed 20 lbf (89 N). Gates thatdo not meet the test requirements in 8.5.5 shall bear a warning that they shall not be used at the top of stairs.5.11 The paint and surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The following performance requireme

45、nts apply to gates and enclosures when they are erected or installed in themanufacturers recommended use position.6.1.1 Completely-Bounded OpeningsOpenings shall not permit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig. 2) whentested in accordance with 7.36.1.2 Height of SidesThe vertical dista

46、nce from the floor to the lowest point of the uppermost surface shall not be less than22 in. (560 mm) when measured from the floor.F1004 1536.1.3 Vertical StrengthTop rails, slats, and framing components of the gates or enclosures shall be tested in accordance with7.1 and shall not fracture, disenga

47、ge, fold, or have a permanent deflection that reduces the lowest point of the uppermost surfaceof a gate or enclosure (see 6.1.2) to a dimension of less than 22 in. (560 mm) when measured vertically from the floor.6.1.4 Bottom SpacingThe vertical distance from the floor to the highest point of the l

48、owermost surface of the unit shall notpermit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig. 2) as tested in accordance with 7.3.6.1.5 Configuration of Uppermost EdgeA partially bounded opening at any point in the uppermost edge of a product that isgreater than 1.5 in (38 mm) in width and more t

49、han 0.64 in. (16.2 mm) in depth shall be subjected to the test procedure in 7.4 (seeFig. 3). During the test, no portions of the boundaries of the opening shall simultaneously contact more than one of surfaces “B,”“C,” or corner “BC” or “CC” in any combination if they are not opposing sides of the center line of Test Template B (see Fig. 4).6.1.6 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protective components, such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protectionfrom sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, between t