1、Designation: F1035 03 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forUse of Rubber-Cord Pie Disk to Demonstrate theDiscernment Capability of a Tire X-ray Imaging System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the construction and use of arubber-cord pie-s
3、haped standard disk for demonstrating thediscernment capability of an X-ray imaging system.1.2 This practice is applicable to direct viewing (fluoro-scopic) X-ray imaging systems and film, plate or paper(radiographic) X-ray imaging systems that are used for check-ing the construction consistency of
4、pneumatic tires.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcernss associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the ap
5、plicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for Test-ingD3186 Test Methods for RubberEvaluation of SBR(Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) Mixed With Carbon Black orCarbon Black and OilF538 Terminology Relating to
6、the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 pie disk, rubber-cord, n in tire X-ray testing,acircular disk of a specified diameter having six pie-shapedsections, each containing cord of different materials; it is usedfor demonstrating the discernment capability of
7、 an X-rayimaging system. (F538)3.1.2 X-ray image plane, n in tire testing, a surfacelocated at a specified distance from the X-ray tube “focal spot.”3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe centerline of the cone of radiationfrom the X-ray tube is normal to the image plane. F5383.1.3 X-ray imaging system, n in tire te
8、sting, a collectionof the components and subsystems needed to produce afluoroscopic or radiographic image of the tire.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe collection includes the X-ray highvoltage generator, X-ray tube, and X-ray screen or radiograph.F5383.1.4 X-ray radiograph, nan X-ray film, plate, or paperthat
9、is placed at the image plane and is used for recording anX-ray image of the object being examined. F5383.1.5 X-ray screen, na fluorescent screen, placed at theimage plane, that produces an X-ray image of the object beingexamined.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThis visible light may be photographedor input to a t
10、elevision system. F5384. Summary of Practice4.1 The pie disk is a rubber-cord composite that is used asthe subject in an X-ray imaging system. Each of the sixsections of the disk has a different cord material which,together, represent the cords commonly used in vehicle tires.The X-ray absorption of
11、these cords range from very nearly thesame as that of the rubber matrix to quite different from it.4.2 The rubber-cord pie disk shall be placed between theX-ray tube and the X-ray image plane at a specified distancefrom the image plane (see Fig. 1). The ambient conditions arecontrolled or monitored,
12、 and recorded.4.3 The image of the disk on a fluorescent screen orphotograph can be studied for clarity of detail for each cordmaterial. The voltage and current of the X-ray high voltagegenerator shall be adjusted for optimum detail and contrastsensitivity to view all cord materials simultaneously.5
13、. Significance and Use5.1 All X-ray systems are subject to changing efficiencies,so a practice for checking the overall operation is needed. This1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities and
14、Calibration.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1035 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/F1035-03R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service
15、astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1practice will assure the operator of an optimized image whe
16、nambient conditions are controlled and the X-ray high voltagegenerator is adjusted as prescribed.5.2 The densities of some tire cord materials are very closeto that of the rubber matrix in which they are enclosed, so theresolving capability of an X-ray system is critical to thedetection of abnormali
17、ties. The rubber-cord pie disk provides ameans for optimizing the resolving power in a particularapparatus and for comparing its performance over any periodof time.5.3 The rubber-cord pie disk can be used to compare theperformances of X-ray systems in different laboratories. It canalso be used in sp
18、ecial cases to optimize system performancefor a particular sector or cord-type, as may be required forexamining a specific tire.6. Preparation of Rubber-Cord Pie Disk36.1 Composition:6.1.1 The disk shall have six equal-size sectors of rubber-cord composite, as given in Fig. 2. The rubber portion of
19、eachhas a composition based on Test Methods D3186, using3The sole source of supply of the rubber-cord pie disk known to the committeeat this time is Zephyr Technology, Inc., P.O. Box 2691, Bath, OH 44210. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tiona
20、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Pie-Cord Disk Test Fixture Positioning for Tire X-Ray SystemFIG. 2 Pie-Cord Disk Test FixtureF1035 03 (2015)2common SBR and carbon black and cured at 142C
21、 for 45 minin accordance with the following equation:Ingredient PHRSBR 1712 137.50N339 carbon black 60.00Zinc-oxide 3.00Stearic acid 1.50Sulfur 1.75TBBSA1.25205.00ATBBS is N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide.6.1.2 The cord portions of the different sectors are identifiedas follows: polyester, fi
22、berglass, kevlar, steel, rayon, and nylon.Deniers, cord count, and other details are given in Fig. 2.6.1.3 Additional details on assembly methods, cord count,and curing pressure are not available.6.2 DimensionsThe disk shall be 30 6 1 cm in diameterand 0.64 6 0.02 cm thick.6.3 Cord OrientationAll of
23、 the cords in each sector shallbe parallel to each other and to a line joining the center of thearc to the center of the rubber-cord pie disk.7. Test Conditions7.1 The ambient temperature during a test shall be 23 6 2Cfor the entire X-ray system. If any other temperature is requiredit should be chos
24、en from the list of standard temperatures inPractice D1349.7.2 Line voltage to the X-ray generators should be con-trolled to the value and uniformity used in any previous checkwith the rubber-cord pie disk.8. Procedure8.1 The rubber-cord pie disk is rigidly supported betweenthe X-ray source and para
25、llel to the image detection device.8.1.1 For manual systems that utilize a conical bead X-rayand a flat fluoroscopic imaging device, the rubber-cord pie diskshould be placed 30 cm from the image plane (see Fig. 1).8.1.2 For automated, in-line production systems that utilizePanoramic X-ray tubes and
26、Linear Diode Arrays for bead-to-bead view on a single monitor, it is necessary to construct afixture that supports the X-ray pie disk(s) parallel to theimaging system while it rotates through the detection array (seeFig. 3 and Fig. 4).FIG. 3 Side View of Pie Disk Mounting Fixture for Linear Diode Ar
27、ray ScannerF1035 03 (2015)38.2 The ambient temperature and line voltage are monitoredand recorded. The ambient temperature and line voltage mustbe controlled in order to duplicate a previous calibration test.8.3 The X-ray image of the rubber-cord pie disk is viewedby the operator. The voltage and cu
28、rrent of the X-ray highvoltage generator shall be adjusted for optimum detail andcontrast sensitivity to view all cord materials simultaneously.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision and bias are not pertinent to this practice sinceit gives procedures for the optimum adjustment of an X-raysystem. No mea
29、surements are made.10. Keywords10.1 rubber-cord pie disk; X-ray; X-ray image plane; X-rayradiographASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter
30、mination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or
31、withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that
32、 your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (
33、single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 4 Top View of Pie Disk Mounting Fixture for Linear Diode Array ScannerF1035 03 (2015)4
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