1、Designation: F1093 99 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Methods forTensile Strength Characteristics of Oil Spill ResponseBoom1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover static laboratory tests of thestrength of oil spill response boom under tensile lo
3、ading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
4、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F818
5、 Terminology Relating to Spill Response BarriersF962 Specification for Oil Spill Response Boom Connec-tion: Z-Connector3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The following definitions, quoted from TerminologyF818, are used in these test methods.3.1.2 anchor pointa structural point on the end connectoro
6、r along the length of a boom section designed for theattachment of anchor or mooring lines.3.1.3 ballastweight applied to the skirt to improve boomperformance.3.1.4 boom sectionthe length of boom between two endconnectors.3.1.5 boom segmentrepetitive identical portion of theboom section.3.1.6 curtai
7、n-type booma boom consisting of a flexibleskirt supported by flotation. See Appendix X1.3.1.7 end connectora device permanently attached to theboom used for joining boom sections to one another or to otheraccessory devices.3.1.8 fence-type booma boom consisting of self-supporting or stiffened membra
8、ne supported by floatation. SeeAppendix X1.3.1.9 floatthat separable component of a boom that pro-vides buoyancy.3.1.10 freeboardthe vertical height of the boom above thewater line.3.1.11 hingelocation between boom segments at whichthe boom can be folded back 180 upon itself.3.1.12 skirtthe continuo
9、us portion of the boom below thefloats.3.1.13 tension memberany component which carries hori-zontal tension loads imposed on the boom.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen of spill containment boom is tested bysubjecting the specimen to cyclic tests to 100 % of themanufacturers rated tensile stren
10、gth, and by applying tensileloading which progressively deforms the specimen to the pointof failure. Similarly, a typical anchor point and towing deviceare tested in an additional tensile test. For each phase of thetest, values of tensile load and deformation are observed andrecorded, and modes of f
11、ailure are described.5. Significance and Use5.1 Boom sections are frequently combined into assem-blages hundreds of meters in length prior to towing through thewater to a spill site. The friction of moving long boomassemblages through the water can impose high tensile stresseson boom segments near t
12、he tow vessel.5.2 Tensile forces are also set up in a boom when it is beingtowed in a sweeping mode. The magnitude of this tensile forcecan be related to the immersed depth of the boom, the length ofboom involved, the width of the bight formed by the twotowing vessels, and the speed of movement.NOTE
13、 1When the towing speed exceeds about 1 knot (0.5 m/s),substantial oil will be lost under the boom.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 onHazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F20.11 on Control.Current edition app
14、roved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1093 99 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/F1093-99R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
15、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Knowledge of maximum and allowable working tensilestresses will help in the selection of bo
16、om for a givenapplication and will permit specification of safe towing andanchoring conditions for any given boom.6. Apparatus6.1 Load Application DeviceA suitable load applicationdevice, such as a hydraulic jack, shall be provided. The devicemust be capable of applying loads somewhat in excess of t
17、hepredicted failure load on the boom.6.2 TensiometerA tensiometer shall be selected whichwill encompass the range of values from no load up to themaximum boom tensile load which might reasonably beexpected prior to failure of the boom.6.3 End SupportsThe test bed provided shall have endsupports of s
18、ufficient strength and rigidity to resist significantdeformation under the maximum loads expected during testing.6.4 Towing Devices and ConnectorsAt least one of themanufacturers standard tow bridles or towing devices shall beused at the leading end of the boom specimen (where the loadis applied). A
19、 similar tow bridle or towing device shall be usedat the trailing end if the test apparatus is long enough.However, if it is not, the connector at the trailing end of thespecimen may be attached directly to a connector fixed to thatend support of the test apparatus. Suitable shackles, cables,chains,
20、 and so forth, shall be provided to connect the towingadapters to the test equipment, as diagrammed in Figs. 1-3.6.5 Gage PointsGage points shall be affixed to each endof the test specimen to facilitate measurement of elongationduring the course of the test.6.6 Elongation Measurement ScaleA suitable
21、 measuringdevice shall be provided so that elongation measurements maybe made periodically throughout the test. The device shall havea precision equal or better than11000 th the distance betweengage points (that is, 3 mm precision for 3 m gage pointseparation).6.7 Boom Specimens to be TestedEquipmen
22、t shall bearranged to apply tensile loading to a specimen consisting of atleast two complete boom segments of standard length assupplied by the manufacturer. Boom segments of less thanstandard length may be used for this test provided that thetension member length is proportional, the hinge area bet
23、weenthem, the connector assemblies at each end, and the anchorpoint are fabricated identically to the manufacturers full sizestandard boom section provided the total specimen is at least10 ft (3 m) in length.6.8 Alternative ApparatusBecause production lengths ofboom are normally longer than 15 ft an
24、d because undue stressdue to gravity forces may be placed on such boom if testedwith the apparatus described above, the following describedapparatus may be substituted. Test apparatus which lays theboom in a horizontal and continuously supported manner orone which provides support similar to that pr
25、ovided by thewater (that is, a split table supporting the boom in an uprightmanner) will be satisfactory.7. Hazards7.1 Failure of a loaded containment boom can release asubstantial amount of energy. During testing, personnel andequipment shall be positioned and protected so that suddenfailure of the
26、 test specimen is unlikely to cause injury ordamage.8. Procedure8.1 Determination of Boom Tensile Strength:8.1.1 Test Bed PreparationPrepare a test bed with twoend supports separated with sufficient clearance for the boomspecimen, two towing devices, and testing equipment as shownin Fig. 1. Mount th
27、e specimen with one towing device attacheddirectly to one of the end supports. Alternately, the connectorat the trailing end of the test specimen may be attached to aSpecification F962 connector fixed to the end support of thetest apparatus as shown in Fig. 2. The tensiometer is used tolink the towi
28、ng device at the other end of the boom specimento the load application device and hence to the second endsupport. Suitable shackles, chains, cable, and so forth, canordinarily be used for making connections. However, in somecases it may be necessary to design and fabricate specialconnecting devices
29、to distribute loads satisfactorily.8.1.2 Cyclic Loading to 100 % of Manufacturers RatedStrengthLoad the boom specimen to 100 % of the manufac-turers rated tensile strength. Then reduce the load to 10 % ofthe manufacturers rated strength. Note the positions of gagepoints on the specimen while under f
30、ull tensile load, and at10 % of full tensile load. Then repeat this loading cycle untilthe specimen has been subjected to a total of ten completecycles.8.1.3 Test to Ultimate Failure or PermanentDeformationIf the specimen has not failed during the cyclicloading phase, it is then subjected to increas
31、ing loading untilfailure occurs. “Failure” is defined here as the inability tofunction or the rupture of the tension member, skirt material, orconnector.8.2 Determination of Anchor Point Strength:8.2.1 Test Bed PreparationMount a second specimen,consisting of one or more standard boom segments, in t
32、he testFIG. 1 Test BedF1093 99 (2012)2bed with one end of the specimen attached to the tensiometerusing a standard towing device, as in the previous portions ofthe test. The anchor point on the specimen is then linked to theother end of the test bed as shown in Fig. 3.8.2.2 Cyclic LoadingThen apply
33、progressively increasingloading to the specimen. If the manufacturer provides a ratedanchor point strength, that value is used as the maximum loadfor the test. If the manufacturer does not provide such astrength rating, then the anchor point shall be subjected to atensile loading of 50 % of the manu
34、facturers rated tensilestrength for the boom. The positions of gage points on thespecimen are noted while under full tensile load and at 10 % offull tensile load. This loading cycle is then repeated ten times.8.2.3 Test to Ultimate Failure or PermanentDeformationIf the specimen has not failed during
35、 the cyclicloading phase, it is then subjected to increased loading untilfailure occurs. Failure is defined here as the inability tofunction or the rupture of the tension member, skirt, material,anchor point hardware or connector.9. Report9.1 The test report shall provide a description of the boomte
36、sted, including the name of the manufacturer and modelnumber. For each phase of the test, values shall be reported forlength of specimen and initial positions of gage points. Thereport shall also provide a tabulation with columns for peri-odically observed data including boom elongation values, load
37、values, and notes regarding any damage to boom fabric orother components. Consideration should be given to recordingall gage point positions and tensiometer values photographi-cally. During the test to ultimate failure, sufficient data shall betaken to permit plotting a curve of deformation versus l
38、oading.The ultimate loading on the boom or anchor point at the timeof failure shall be recorded.9.2 The report shall also include photographs and descrip-tions of any damage observed. The report shall identify boomcomponents involved in the failures and provide descriptionsof how the failures occurr
39、ed.9.3 Any deviations from the test procedures or specimensdescribed above shall be identified with reasons for suchdeviations given.FIG. 2 Alternate Tensile Strength Test BedFIG. 3 Anchor Point TestF1093 99 (2012)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BACKGROUND DISCUSSIONX1.1 In general, oil spill
40、 response boom designs provideone or more floatation elements which provide buoyancy tosupport the boom assembly in the water, a membrane whichprevents floating material such as oil from passing from oneside of the boom to the other, and one or more tension memberswhich transfer tensile loads along
41、the boom. In some designsthe membrane material also acts as a tensile member. Boomdesigns may also provide for ballast to help position andstabilize the boom in the water.Additionally, boom is generallymanufactured in sections to facilitate handling and applicationin a variety of situations. Section
42、s are joined one to anotherusing end connectors.X1.2 Boom designs can be classified as fence-type or ascurtain-type. Fence booms typically provide a stiffened barrierdesigned to float vertically in the water. One or more horizontaltension members may be used, positioned to minimize anytendency of th
43、e boom section to rotate under an applied load.Curtain booms are provided with flexible material for the underwater portion of the membrane (called the skirt). One or moretension members are typically located at or near the bottom ofthe membrane.3X1.3 Towing adapters, for towing or attachment to fix
44、edobjects, may be provided by the boom manufacturer orfabricated by the user. Because of their differences in design,fence boom and curtain boom handle tensile loads quitedifferently, and towing adapter designs must take this differ-ence into account.ASTM International takes no position respecting t
45、he validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard
46、is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International H
47、eadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This
48、standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), o
49、r serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Schulze, R., World Catalog of oil Spill Response Products: Complete Listingof Booms and Skimmers. Port City Press, Baltimore, 1986, contains additionalbackground information and a compendium of data on commercially availablebooms.F1093 99 (2012)4
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