1、Designation: F1116 14Standard Test Method forDetermining Dielectric Strength of Dielectric Footwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers testing to determine the “Di-electric Strength” of dielectric overfoot and overshoe footwear.Testing is do
3、ne over the maximum possible area of thedielectric footwear without permitting flashover between elec-trodes.1.2 The use and maintenance of dielectric footwear isbeyond the scope of this test method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
4、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements appear in 5.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric
5、Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesF1117 Specification for Dielectric Footwear3. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 useras used in 1.3, the entity employing the actualworker utilizing the e
6、quipment; if no separate employer, thenthe individual.3.1.2 overfoot footwearfootwear designed to be worndirectly over the feet as the only source of foot covering.3.1.3 overshoe footwearfootwear designed to be wornover existing footwear.4. Significance and Use4.1 Electrical contact injuries to work
7、ers may involve acurrent path through the feet of the worker. The footwearcovered by this specification is dielectrically rated to provideadditional insulation and isolation to the wearer. This testmethod will determine that dielectric footwear has dielectricintegrity at the time of the test.5. Appa
8、ratus5.1 Electrical Test Criteria:5.1.1 Test ProcedureThe footwear shall be immersed inwater or other conducting media to a depth where the flashoverclearance is consistent with the proof test voltage as listed inTable 1. Since the water or other conducting media inside thefootwear forms one test el
9、ectrode and the water or the otherconducting media in the container outside the footwear formsthe other electrode, 152 mm or 6 in. of clearance betweenelectrodes consists of 76 mm or 3 in. of clearance from the topof the footwear to the top of the water or other conductingmedia both inside and outsi
10、de of the footwear. Water isrecommended as the medium for the electrodes to ensurecomplete coverage of the surfaces of the footwear. Water maywick up the inner lining on certain brands of footwear. Toovercome the wicking effect care needs to be taken to keep theinner area above the water dry and con
11、duct the tests promptlyafter placing the water inside the footwear. The water or otherconducting media inside the footwear forms one test electrodeand shall be connected to one terminal of the voltage source bymeans of a metal chain or sliding rod that dips into theelectrode. The water or other cond
12、ucting media in the containeroutside the footwear forms the other electrode and shall beconnected directly to the other terminal of the voltage source.Due to the weight of water or other types of electrode media,support racks are needed to secure footwear being tested. Themaximum protective area of
13、the footwear shall be tested. Caremust be taken to thoroughly dry the inside of the footwearfollowing the test and prior to storage. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 fortypical test arrangements for dielectric test of rubbers and bootsusing water electrodes.NOTE 1Water used as electrodes should have a minimum
14、conductanceof 0.25 mho.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originallyapproved
15、in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F111608. DOI:10.1520/F1116-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、 onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 PrecautionsIt is recommended that the test apparatusbe designed to afford the operator full protection in perfor-mance of his duties. Reliable means of de-energiz
17、ing andgrounding the high-voltage circuit shall be provided. It isparticularly important to incorporate a positive means ofgrounding the high-voltage section of the dc test apparatus dueto the likely presence of high-voltage capacitance charges atthe conclusion of the test.5.3 Electrical Test Equipm
18、ent:5.3.1 The test equipment used in the dielectric strength orproof tests shall be capable of supplying an essentially steplessand continuously variable voltage to the test specimen. Theequipment shall be inspected at least annually to ensure that thegeneral condition of the equipment is acceptable
19、 and to verifythe characteristics and accuracy of the test voltage.5.3.2 Breakdown or failure indicators or accessory circuitsshall be designed to give positive indication of failure and shallrequire resetting by the operator before tests can be continued.5.4 AC Tests:5.4.1 Voltage Supply and Regula
20、tion:5.4.1.1 The test voltage crest factor shall not differ morethan 2 % from a sinusoidal wave.5.4.1.2 The accuracy of the voltage measuring circuit shallbe within 61 kV of test voltage. The ac voltage applied to thetest specimen shall be measured with either a RMS respondingvoltmeter or a peak res
21、ponding voltmeter calibrated to pk/SQRT2 using one of the following methods: (1) a voltmeterused in conjunction with a calibrated instrument transformerconnected directly across the high-voltage circuit, (2) a cali-brated electrostatic voltmeter connected directly across thehigh-voltage circuit, or
22、(3) an ac meter connected in series withappropriate high-voltage type resistors directly across thehigh-voltage circuit.5.5 DC Tests:5.5.1 Voltage Supply and Regulation:5.5.1.1 The peak to peak ac ripple component of the dcproof-test voltage shall not exceed 2 % of the average voltagevalue under no-
23、load conditions.5.5.1.2 Measure the dc test voltage by a method thatprovides the average value of the voltage applied to the testspecimen. It is recommended that the voltage be measured bythe use of a dc meter connected in series with appropriatehigh-voltage type resistors across the high-voltage ci
24、rcuit. Anelectrostatic voltmeter of proper range may be used in place ofthe dc meter-resistor combination. The accuracy of the voltagemeasuring circuit shall be within 61 kV of test voltage.6. Conditioning6.1 Perform all electrical tests at room temperature. Theexposed portion both inside and outsid
25、e of the footwear that isnot in direct contact with an electrode shall be as dry aspracticable in each test method.7. Procedure (See Test Methods D149)7.1 AC Tests:7.1.1 Place each article of footwear to be given a proof testin the test apparatus in accordance with 5.1.1. Smoothly applythe test volt
26、age to 75% of the desired test voltage and increaseit at a rate-of-rise of 1000 volts per second (V/s) 620 % untilthe prescribed testing voltage is reached, or failure occurs. Thetest period starts at the instant that the prescribed testingvoltage is reached and shall consist of a minimum of 1 min t
27、oa maximum of 3 min time at the prescribed test voltage. At theend of the test period, gradually reduce the applied voltage toat least half value before opening the test circuit.7.2 DC Tests:7.2.1 Place each article of footwear to be given a test in thetest apparatus in accordance with 5.1.1. Apply
28、the dc testvoltage in the same manner as for ac tests in 7.1.1 except witha rate-of-rise of approximately 3000 V/s.8. Record Keeping and Marking8.1 Each piece of footwear shall be marked clearly andpermanently with the name of the manufacturer or supplier,ASTM F1117, size, and AC voltage rating.8.2
29、The test procedures of the electrical test facility shallspecify the test voltage for each voltage rating of footwear tobe tested or a record shall be kept of the voltage used in thetest. A date specified as test or retest shall be either recorded orprovided by marking or affixing a label to the foo
30、twear. Themarking or labeling method and material shall not adverselyaffect the electrical or physical characteristics of the footwearor conflict with the manufacturers original marking or labeling8.3 Footwear that have been rejected and are not suitable forelectrical service shall be defaced, cut o
31、r otherwise marked andidentified to indicate that they are not to be used for elecricalservice.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The precision of this test method has not been deter-mined. No statement can be made as to the bias of this testmethod since no standard materials are available.10. Keywords10.1 di
32、electricTABLE 1 Test Voltages and Flashover Clearances BetweenElectrodesAC Test DC TestVoltage (rmsvalue)mm (in.) Voltage (avgvalue)mm (in.)15 000 127 (5) 45 000 152 (6)20 000 152 (6) 60 000 178 (7)F1116 142ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
33、 connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the re
34、sponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive care
35、ful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internationa
36、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the A
37、STM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 1 Typical Test Arrangement for Dielectric Test of Rubbers Using Water ElectrodesFIG. 2 Typical Test Arrangement for Dielectric Test of Boots Using Water ElectrodesF1116 143
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