ASTM F1148-2012 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment 《家用运动场设备的标准消费者安全性能规范》.pdf

1、Designation:F114811 Designation: F1148 12Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Playground Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification provides safety requirements for various types of home playground equipmen

3、t intendedfor use by children aged from over eighteen months through 10 years. It further provides such requirements for swings intendedspecifically for toddlers. Different age limits for various requirements are found in this specification. These limits reflect the natureof the hazards and the expe

4、cted mental or physical ability, or both, of the child to cope with the hazards.1.2 Home playground equipment is defined as any product in which the support structure remains stationary while the activityis taking place and is intended for a child to perform any of the following activities: climbing

5、, swinging, sliding, rocking, spinning,crawling, or creeping, or combination thereof. Fitness equipment is specifically excluded unless attached to the play equipment.This specification is not intended to apply to juvenile care products such as, but not limited to, infant swings, playpens/enclosures

6、,beds, or furniture (including outdoor furniture, such as picnic tables, cradle rockers, activity centers being used as walkersubstitutes, bouncers, jumpers, infant carriers, and products specifically designed for therapeutic use). This specification is notintended to apply to equipment to be used i

7、n places of public assembly such as schools, nurseries, day-care centers, and parks.Equipment intended to be in child-care centers in private homes is not exempt from the requirements of this specification. Suchcenters are defined as situations in which the child-care provider does not care for more

8、 than six children under the age of ten thatare not residing in the household of the caregiver, and the total number of children under the age of ten does not exceed ten,including the caregivers own children. Electrically operated constant air inflatable devices are exempted from the requirementsof

9、this specification.1.3 Methods of identifying products that comply with this consumer safety specification are given. The illustrations of homeplayground equipment shown in Figs. A1.1-A1.4 are for informational purposes only and are not intended to limit or endorsecertain types of playground equipme

10、nt or equipment features. These illustrations are not intended to limit the variety or variouscombinations of equipment that are covered by this consumer safety specification.1.4 The purpose of this specification is to reduce the likelihood of life-threatening or debilitating injuries.1.5 If toy acc

11、essories or toy chests are attached to home playground equipment, they are applicable to this consumer safetyspecification and to any other applicable safety standards.NOTE 1See Annex A1 for figures referenced throughout this consumer safety performance specification.1.6 The values stated in inch-po

12、und units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This consumer safety performance specification includes the following sections:Scope Section 1Referenced Docume

13、nts Section 2Terminology Section 3Materials and Manufacture Section 4General Requirements Section 5Performance Requirements Section 6Requirements for Access Section 7Equipment Section 8Equipment Layout Section 9Installation Section 10Structural Integrity Section 11Maintenance Section 12Labeling Sect

14、ion 13Information Signage and Labels Section 14Keywords Section 151This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.09 on Home PlaygroundEquipment.Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2011.2012. Published Octo

15、ber 2012. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20092011 asF114809.F1148 11. DOI: 10.1520/F1148-112.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becau

16、seit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba

17、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground Equipment2.2 Federal Sta

18、ndards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint316 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, including sections:31500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under

19、8 Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under 8 Years of Age1500.52 and .53 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for

20、Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3Years ofAge Which PresentChoking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 21842.3 Society for Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice:5SAE J211 Instrumentation for Barri

21、er Collision3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible, adjrelating to a part or portion of the playground equipment that can be contacted by any body part.3.1.2 anchors, naccessories used to minimize possible tipping of the equipment, or lifting of the support

22、 legs.3.1.3 completely bounded opening, nany opening in a piece of play equipment that is totally enclosed by boundaries on allsides so that the perimeter of the opening is continuous.3.1.4 completely bounded non-rigid opening, nany opening in a piece of equipment that is totally enclosed by boundar

23、ieswhich can deform or deflect during normal use (for example, the openings in a flexible net or lattice of webbing).3.1.5 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible, when the unit is in the manufacturers recommended use position, toa person standing near the unit at any one position around t

24、he unit but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.6 continuous surface, na surface smooth to the extent that no hazard such as a catch point for clothing or sharp edge/sharppoint is created.3.1.7 crush and shear point, njuncture at which the user could suffer contusion, laceration, abrasion

25、, amputation, or fractureduring use of the playground equipment.3.1.8 edge, sharp6, nan edge that can cut a users skin.3.1.8.1 DiscussionAn edge is judged as sharp pursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section 1500.49.3.1.9 entanglement, ncondition in which the users clothes or something around the u

26、sers neck becomes caught or entwinedon a component of playground equipment.3.1.10 entrapment, nany condition which impedes withdrawal of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.3.1.11 fall height, nvertical distance between a designated play surface and the protective surfacing beneath it

27、.3.1.12 guardrail, na guardrail is a device around an elevated surface that is intended to prevent inadvertent falls from theelevated surface.3.1.13 hand grasping component, na component intended to be grasped by the hand to steady a user (such as a handrail).3.1.14 hand gripping component, na compo

28、nent intended to be gripped by the hand to support the full body weight (such asa rung of a horizontal ladder or trapeze bar).3.1.15 handrail, nthe structural member that helps a child steady himself. As used in this consumer safety performancespecification, a handrail is the structural member at th

29、e top of a slide that helps a child steady himself while he sits down (see Fig.A1.1).3.1.16 platform, nany elevated horizontal surface intended to be used by children as a place for play or as a transition betweencomponents. Slide transition areas 200 in.2are not considered platforms.2For referenced

30、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207.4

31、Available from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 400 7th St. SW, Washington, DC 20590.5Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.6A sharp edge tester suitable for conducting tests in accordance with the Federal regulation at 16 CFR

32、 Section 1500.49 is available from U.S. Testing Co., Inc., 1415 ParkAvenue, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Engineering drawings from which a sharp edge tester may be fabricated are available from the Office of the Secretary, Consumer Product SafetyCommission, Washington, DC 20207.F1148 1223.1.17 point, sharp7,

33、npoint that can puncture or lacerate a users skin.3.1.17.1 DiscussionA point is judged as sharp pursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section 1500.48.3.1.18 projection, na condition that due to its physical nature must be tested to the requirements of this standard to determinewhether it is a protrus

34、ion or entanglement hazard, or both.3.1.19 protective barrier, nenclosing device around an elevated surface that prevents both inadvertent and deliberate attemptsto pass through the device.3.1.20 protrusion, na projection which, when tested in accordance with requirements of this standard, is found

35、to be a hazardhaving the potential to cause serious bodily injury to a user who impacts it.3.1.21 rung, na cross-piece in a ladder or other climbing equipment used for supporting the users feet or grasping by theusers hands, or both. A rung must comply with 6.10 for hand-gripping components.3.1.22 s

36、mall part, na component that may become detached during use of the playground equipment and presents a choking,aspiration, or ingestion hazard to a child. Such a component is determined to be a hazard pursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR1501.3.1.23 toddler swing, na fully enclosed single occupant sw

37、ing intended for young children who can sit upright unaided. Aseat is considered fully enclosed when a containment system is employed that supports the child on all sides and in between thelegs (see Fig. A1.5).3.1.24 toy accessory, nan article that provides certain play value separate from, but atta

38、ched to or sold with, home playgroundequipment intended for play-time use by a child. Such articles include miniature imitations for play use of objects intendedprimarily for a specific purpose (for example, a toy telephone or a toy gas pump).3.1.25 turnbar, nthe horizontal bar between the supportin

39、g legs of a swing set, such as the one shown in Fig. A1.1.3.1.26 use zone, nthe area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play structure or equipment that is designated forunrestricted circulation around the equipment, and on whose surface it is predicted that a user would land when falling or exit

40、ingthe equipment.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 GeneralHome playground equipment shall be manufactured and constructed only of materials that have a demonstrateddurability in an outdoor setting. Any new materials shall be documented or tested accordingly for durability by the playgroundequipment ma

41、nufacturer or their agent.4.1.1 Metals subject to structural degradation such as by rust or corrosion shall be painted, galvanized, or otherwise treated.Woods shall be naturally rot- and insect-resistant or treated to avoid such deterioration. Creosote, pentachlorophenol, tributyl tinoxide, and surf

42、ace coatings that contain pesticides shall not be used for playground equipment. Wood treaters and playgroundequipment manufacturers shall practice technologies and procedures that minimize the level of dislodgeable toxin. Plastics andother materials that experience ultraviolet (UV) degradation shal

43、l be stabilized against ultraviolet light.4.1.2 Regardless of the material or the treatment process, the manufacturer shall ensure that the users of the playgroundequipment cannot ingest, inhale, or absorb any potential hazardous amounts of substances through body surfaces as a result ofcontact with

44、 the equipment.4.1.3 Lead in PaintAll paints and finishes used on playground equipment shall be in accordance with 16 CFR 1303.5. General Requirements5.1 Applicable to All Home Playground EquipmentPlayground equipment represented as complying with this voluntaryconsumer safety performance specificat

45、ion shall meet all applicable requirements specified herein. Anyone representingcompliance with this consumer safety performance specification shall keep such essential records as are necessary to document hisclaim that the requirements within this consumer safety specification have been met.5.1.1 N

46、o item of playground equipment shall indicate, by label or other means, conformance with this specification unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein. The following statement is suggested for use in identifying a product that conformsto all requirements in this specification:5.1.2 “This

47、 conforms to ASTM F1148, Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment.”5.2 Small PartsWhen installed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, equipment for children under 3 years ofage shall meet the requirements of 16 CFR 1501.5.3 Each item of playground equipme

48、nt shall be permanently marked in a conspicuous location with the name and address (city,state, and zip code) of the manufacturer, distributor, or seller.NOTE 2A rationale for provisions in this consumer safety performance specification is given in Appendix X2.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Head and

49、 Neck EntrapmentHome playground equipment shall be designed and constructed so that when assembled any7A sharp point tester for conducting tests in accordance with the Federal regulation at 16 CFR Section 1500.48 is available from U.S. Testing Co., Inc., 1415 Park Avenue,Hoboken, NJ 07030. An engineering drawing from which a sharp point tester may be fabricated is available from the Office of the Secretary, Consumer Products SafetyCommission, Washington, DC 20207.F1148 123accessible opening shall meet the following performance requirem