ASTM F1163-2004a Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Horse Sports and Horseback Riding《马术运动和骑马用防护帽的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 1163 04aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forProtective Headgear Used in Horse Sports and HorsebackRiding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONHorse sports and horseback riding are sports with intrinsic hazards. It is recognized tha

3、t it is notpossible to write a protective headgear performance standard that will result in headgear that canprotect against injury or death in all accidents. It is also recognized that serious injury or death canresult from both low-energy and high-energy impacts, even when protective headgear is w

4、orn. It isfurther recognized that protective headgear must be acceptable to the user and to the regulatingassociations or agencies requiring its use. Acknowledging these limitations, this specification wasdeveloped using resources in medical, scientific, mechanical engineering, human factors, andbio

5、mechanical fields.This specification incorporates many aspects of other recognized headgear performance standards.This specification draws from work done by others where appropriate for this specification. Thesestandards may be referenced. It should be noted that this specification specifies a labor

6、atory test ofcompleted headgear to measure its ability to reduce head acceleration when impacting various shapedobjects. It is known that headgear that performs well under this specification will mitigate head injuryin actual use within its design limits.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum

7、 performance criteriaand describes test methods for protective headgear for use inhorse sports and horseback riding.1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar fromconsideration materials of improved quality or performance notknown at the time of development of this specification.1.3 Al

8、l testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F 1446, except wherenoted herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i

9、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Document2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Usedin Evaluating the Performance

10、Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification aredefined in accordance with Test Methods F 1446.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cradle, nheadband or other head-fitting device andthose internal parts of the headgear in

11、contact with the head.3.2.2 drawlace, nlace used for making adjustments to thefit of the cradle on the wearers head.4. Headforms4.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are inaccordance with the section on Apparatus of Test Methods1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee

12、 F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 1163 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit

13、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

14、, United States.F 1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selected (seedefinition of headform size selection in the Terminologysection of Test Methods F 1446) for the helmet to be tested.5. Anvils and Impact Velocities5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare the flat anvi

15、l described in the section and figure on FlatAnvil of Test Methods F 1446, and the equestrian hazard anvildescribed in Fig. 1 of this specification. The circular portion ofthe equestrian hazard anvil shall have a radius of 66.7 6 0.5mm, with facial surfaces inclined at an angle of 45 6 2. Theedge ra

16、il at the intersection of the facial surfaces shall have aradius of 0.4 mm maximum.5.2 The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil from atheoretical drop height of 1.8 m to achieve an impact velocityof 6.0 m/s 6 3%.5.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the equestrian hazardanvil from a theoretica

17、l drop height of 1.3 m to achieve animpact velocity of 5.0 m/s 6 3%.5.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last 40mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 63 % of thevelocities specified in 5.2 and 5.3.6. General Requirements and Marking6.1 Select the appropriate reference hea

18、dform in accordancewith the definition of headform size selection in the Terminol-ogy section of Test Methods F 1446.6.2 Position the helmet in accordance with the section onTest Procedures of Test Methods F 1446.6.3 All helmets shall meet the requirements of the sectionson Configuration, Materials,

19、 and Internal Projection of TestMethods F 1446.6.3.1 All reporting shall be described in the section onReporting of Test Methods F 1446.6.3.2 Use the method described in the section on ReferenceMarking of Test Methods F 1446.6.4 Maintaining the force and position described in thissection, draw the t

20、est line on the outer surface of the helmet asshown in Fig. 2. Helmet impacts shall be made with the flatanvil centered on or above the test line described in Fig. 2, andwith no part of the top ridge of the equestrian hazard anvilextending below the test line described in Fig. 26.5 Measure periphera

21、l vision in accordance with the sec-tion on Peripheral Vision and figure on Field of Vision of TestMethods F 1446.FIG. 1 Equestrian Hazard Anvil (“V” Anvil)F 1163 04a27. Conditioning and Number of Samples7.1 Select samples as described in the section on Samplesfor Testing of Test Methods F 1446. The

22、 test normally requiresfive samples of each shell/liner combination.7.2 Condition the samples in accordance with the section onConditioning Environments of Test Methods F 1446. Theenvironments to be used are: ambient, low temperature, hightemperature, and water immersion.8. Impact Sites8.1 Each helm

23、et shall be impacted at each of four sites; twosites upon the flat anvil and two sites upon the equestrianhazard anvil. The impact sites shall be centered on or anywhereabove the center of impact line defined in Section 6. Impactcenters shall be separated by a distance not less than one fifthof the

24、circumference of the helmet. If there are any projectionsin the test area, at least one projection of each type shall beimpacted. At least one impact shall be at the center of impactline at the front, rear, or side of the helmet.9. Testing Schedule9.1 Use the testing schedule in accordance with the

25、sectionon Test Schedule of Test Methods F 1446.10. Peak Acceleration and Time Duration Requirements10.1 The peak acceleration (g-max) of the impulse duringthe impact shall be measured with equipment described inaccordance with the section on Impact Attenuation of TestMethods F 1446.10.2 The peak acc

26、eleration from any impact shall notexceed 300 g.11. Retention System Testing11.1 Dynamic Loading TestAll the conditioned testsamples shall be subjected to the Dynamic Retention Test inaccordance with Test Methods F 1446, usinga4kgdrop massfrom a height of 0.6 m. The retention system shall remaininta

27、ct, and elongation shall not exceed 30 mm.11.2 Helmet Stability TestThe roll-off test described in thesection on Test Procedures of Test Methods F 1446 shall beconducted on one ambient sample that has not been previouslytested. The test shall be conducted using a 4-kg drop mass froma height of 0.6 m

28、.12. Labels and Warnings12.1 In addition to the labeling requirements outlined in thesection on Labeling of Test Methods F 1446, the helmet shallhave the following additional information:12.1.1 This helmet designed only for equestrian use.12.1.2 Uncoded month and year of manufacture.12.1.3 Size or s

29、ize range of the helmet.12.1.4 The number designation of this specification.12.1.5 Warning that the helmet should not be worn beforecarefully reading the attached fitting and care instructions.12.1.6 Any other warnings, cautions, or instructions desiredby the manufacturer.13. Keywords13.1 equestrian

30、; horseback riding; horse driving; protectiveheadgearHeadform Code Letter Dimension X, mm Dimension Y,mmA 114 90.0E 122 96.0J 130 102.5M 136 107.0O 140 110.0FIG. 2 Headform Basic DataF 1163 04a3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection w

31、ith any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tec

32、hnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considera

33、tion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr H

34、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1163 04a4