ASTM F1163-2004a(2011) Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Horse Sports and Horseback Riding《骑马运动和骑马行驶用防护帽的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F1163 04a (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Specification forProtective Headgear Used in Horse Sports and HorsebackRiding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti

2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONHorse sports and horseback riding are sports with intrinsic hazards. It is

3、 recognized that it is notpossible to write a protective headgear performance standard that will result in headgear that canprotect against injury or death in all accidents. It is also recognized that serious injury or death canresult from both low-energy and high-energy impacts, even when protectiv

4、e headgear is worn. It isfurther recognized that protective headgear must be acceptable to the user and to the regulatingassociations or agencies requiring its use. Acknowledging these limitations, this specification wasdeveloped using resources in medical, scientific, mechanical engineering, human

5、factors, andbiomechanical fields.This specification incorporates many aspects of other recognized headgear performance standards.This specification draws from work done by others where appropriate for this specification. Thesestandards may be referenced. It should be noted that this specification sp

6、ecifies a laboratory test ofcompleted headgear to measure its ability to reduce head acceleration when impacting various shapedobjects. It is known that headgear that performs well under this specification will mitigate head injuryin actual use within its design limits.1. Scope1.1 This specification

7、 covers minimum performance criteriaand describes test methods for protective headgear for use inhorse sports and horseback riding.1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar fromconsideration materials of improved quality or performance notknown at the time of development of this speci

8、fication.1.3 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F1446, except where notedherein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement a

9、re included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations

10、prior to use.2. Referenced Document2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification aredefined in accordance with Test Methods F1446.3.2 Definit

11、ions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cradle, nheadband or other head-fitting device andthose internal parts of the headgear in contact with the head.3.2.2 drawlace, nlace used for making adjustments to thefit of the cradle on the wearers head.4. Headforms4.1 Headforms to be used in this spe

12、cification are inaccordance with the section on Apparatus of Test MethodsF1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selected (seedefinition of headform size selection in the Terminologysection of Test Methods F1446) for the helmet to be tested.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

13、 Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Current edition approved March 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1163 04a. DOI:10.1520/F1163-04AR11.2For

14、referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

15、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Anvils and Impact Velocities5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare the flat anvil described in the section and figure on FlatAnvil of Test Methods F1446, and the equestrian hazard anvildescribed in Fig. 1 of this specificat

16、ion. The circular portion ofthe equestrian hazard anvil shall have a radius of 66.7 6 0.5mm, with facial surfaces inclined at an angle of 45 6 2. Theedge rail at the intersection of the facial surfaces shall have aradius of 0.4 mm maximum.5.2 The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil from athe

17、oretical drop height of 1.8 m to achieve an impact velocityof 6.0 m/s 6 3%.5.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the equestrian hazardanvil from a theoretical drop height of 1.3 m to achieve animpact velocity of 5.0 m/s 6 3%.5.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last 40mm of free-fall

18、for each test and shall be within 63 % of thevelocities specified in 5.2 and 5.3.6. General Requirements and Marking6.1 Select the appropriate reference headform in accordancewith the definition of headform size selection in the Terminol-ogy section of Test Methods F1446.6.2 Position the helmet in a

19、ccordance with the section onTest Procedures of Test Methods F1446.6.3 All helmets shall meet the requirements of the sectionson Configuration, Materials, and Internal Projection of TestMethods F1446.6.3.1 All reporting shall be described in the section onReporting of Test Methods F1446.6.3.2 Use th

20、e method described in the section on ReferenceMarking of Test Methods F1446.6.4 Maintaining the force and position described in thissection, draw the test line on the outer surface of the helmet asshown in Fig. 2. Helmet impacts shall be made with the flatanvil centered on or above the test line des

21、cribed in Fig. 2, andwith no part of the top ridge of the equestrian hazard anvilextending below the test line described in Fig. 26.5 Measure peripheral vision in accordance with the sec-tion on Peripheral Vision and figure on Field of Vision of TestMethods F1446.7. Conditioning and Number of Sample

22、s7.1 Select samples as described in the section on Samplesfor Testing of Test Methods F1446. The test normally requiresfive samples of each shell/liner combination.FIG. 1 Equestrian Hazard Anvil (“V” Anvil)F1163 04a (2011)27.2 Condition the samples in accordance with the section onConditioning Envir

23、onments of Test Methods F1446. The en-vironments to be used are: ambient, low temperature, hightemperature, and water immersion.8. Impact Sites8.1 Each helmet shall be impacted at each of four sites; twosites upon the flat anvil and two sites upon the equestrianhazard anvil. The impact sites shall b

24、e centered on or anywhereabove the center of impact line defined in Section 6. Impactcenters shall be separated by a distance not less than one fifthof the circumference of the helmet. If there are any projectionsin the test area, at least one projection of each type shall beimpacted. At least one i

25、mpact shall be at the center of impactline at the front, rear, or side of the helmet.9. Testing Schedule9.1 Use the testing schedule in accordance with the sectionon Test Schedule of Test Methods F1446.10. Peak Acceleration and Time Duration Requirements10.1 The peak acceleration (g-max) of the impu

26、lse duringthe impact shall be measured with equipment described inaccordance with the section on Impact Attenuation of TestMethods F1446.10.2 The peak acceleration from any impact shall notexceed 300 g.11. Retention System Testing11.1 Dynamic Loading TestAll the conditioned testsamples shall be subj

27、ected to the Dynamic Retention Test inaccordance with Test Methods F1446, usinga4kgdrop massfrom a height of 0.6 m. The retention system shall remainintact, and elongation shall not exceed 30 mm.11.2 Helmet Stability TestThe roll-off test described in thesection on Test Procedures of Test Methods F1

28、446 shall beconducted on one ambient sample that has not been previouslytested. The test shall be conducted using a 4-kg drop mass froma height of 0.6 m.12. Labels and Warnings12.1 In addition to the labeling requirements outlined in thesection on Labeling of Test Methods F1446, the helmet shallhave

29、 the following additional information:12.1.1 This helmet designed only for equestrian use.12.1.2 Uncoded month and year of manufacture.12.1.3 Size or size range of the helmet.12.1.4 The number designation of this specification.12.1.5 Warning that the helmet should not be worn beforecarefully reading

30、 the attached fitting and care instructions.12.1.6 Any other warnings, cautions, or instructions desiredby the manufacturer.13. Keywords13.1 equestrian; horseback riding; horse driving; protectiveheadgearHeadform Code Letter Dimension X, mm Dimension Y,mmA 114 90.0E 122 96.0J 130 102.5M 136 107.0O 1

31、40 110.0FIG. 2 Headform Basic DataF1163 04a (2011)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent righ

32、ts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for

33、revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing

34、you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may

35、be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1163 04a (2011)4