1、Designation: F1164 97 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Transparent Plastics Exposed to AcceleratedWeathering Combined with Biaxial Stress1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparentplastics exposed
3、to environmental conditioning (acceleratedweathering) under a biaxial stress state induced by a pressurecell/test fixture.1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to beregarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wit
4、h its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent
5、 PlasticsD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With-drawn 2000)3G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-paratus (Fluores
6、cent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-sure of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)3G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weather-ing of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated NaturalSunlight3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of measuring and recordingthe haze and ligh
7、t transmittance of an unexposed circular platetest specimen; mounting the specimen in the test fixture;pressurizing the fixture to induce the desired biaxial stress inthe specimen; and exposing the stressed specimen to specificaccelerated weathering conditions. After conditioning, thespecimen is rem
8、oved and haze/transmittance are measured todetermine any changes in value. Coating adhesion is measuredwhen applicable.3.2 The resistance of the plastic to stress-during-weatheringis determined by the onset of crazing, the change in haze andluminous transmittance, and adhesion of coating.4. Signific
9、ance and Use4.1 The degradation of optical properties of transparentplastics is the single greatest cause for in-service removal andreplacement. Some optical qualities are inherent in thegeometry, manufacturing process, and materials, and remainrelatively unchanged after manufacture, while others ar
10、e sub-ject to gradual change during exposure to the service environ-ment. Factors having an influence on the crazing of transparentplastics include stress, ultraviolet (UV), moisture, and tempera-ture. Sufficient data has been generated to make it evident thatreal-world conditioning must be experien
11、ced by developmentaltest specimens, as opposed to testing new unexposed materialto determine durability, prior to in-service usage. However, thelaboratory simulation of natural weathering, and especiallyaccelerated simulation, is imprecise and correlation of resultsobtained for different plastics or
12、 from using different exposureapparatus should not be attempted until a valid database hasbeen generated for such cross-correlation.5. Apparatus5.1 Manifold Test FixtureAn exploded view of thepressure-cell/test-fixture used to induce a biaxial stress state ina clamped specimen is illustrated in Fig.
13、 1. The mounting plateand clamping ring for a 76.2-mm (30-in.) wide three-cell testfixture are detailed in Fig. 2. A 254-mm (10-in.) wide single-cell fixture or a 508-mm (20-in.) wide double-cell fixture isalso acceptable.5.2 Accelerated Weathering Apparatus:5.2.1 Operating procedures for using wate
14、r- or light-exposure apparatus, or both, employing a Xenon-arc light1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 onTransparent Enclosures and Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Publish
15、ed December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1164 97(2009)1.DOI: 10.1520/F1164-97R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
16、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1source to simulate the deteriorati
17、on caused by acceleratedweathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G26.5.2.2 Operating procedures for using fluorescent UV andcondensation apparatus to simulate the deterioration caused byaccelerated weathering exposure shall comply with PracticeG53.5.2.3 Operating procedures for using Fresnel-
18、reflecting con-centrators employing the sun as a source, with or without waterspray cycles, to simulate the deterioration caused by acceler-ated weathering exposure, shall comply with Practice G90.5.3 HazemeterThe Hazemeter shall conform to the re-quirements of Test Method D1003.6. Test Specimens6.1
19、 Use at least three specimens for each material beingtested and for each specified exposure. The specimens shall beas follows: clean, transparent circular plates, 0.216 m (8.500in.) in diameter, having both sides substantially plane andparallel; specimen nominal thickness being 0.00508 m (0.200in.).
20、7. Conditioning7.1 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere.8. Procedure8.1 Code mark each specimen. Measure and record haze andtransmittance at the plate center prior to exposure.8.2 Circumferentially clamp specimens in the manifold testfixture using 2.825 J (25 in.-lb) bolt torque, and
21、pressurize toinduce an outer surface (tensile) strain of 13.8 106(1-)/Emetre/metre (2000 (1-)/E inch/inch) in the center of thespecimen (note that this strain corresponds to a tensile stress of13.8 106Pa or 2000 psi), where = Poissons ratio at roomtemperature and E = modulus of elasticity (Pa or psi
22、) at roomtemperature for the test material. For coated material, the outertensile test/exposure side of each specimen shall be the coatedsurface.8.2.1 Using 5.334 mm (0.210 in.) thick stretched acrylic, = 0.35, and E =3.10109Pa (450 000 psi), a calibratedpressure of 80.0 103Pa (11.6 psi) induced an
23、outer surfacestrain of 2.888 103m/m (2888 in./in.); being the equivalentof a 13.8 106Pa (2000 psi) stress level in the center of thetest specimen.8.2.2 Knowing , the pressure required to induce a biaxialstress of 13.8 106Pa (2000 psi) in the center of a transparentspecimen of nominal 0.00508 m (0.20
24、0 in.) thickness may betheoretically calculated as follows:SI Units:M 513.8 3106! t26(1)Inch 2 Pound Units:M 52000 t26(2)where:M = bending moment at plate center (lb-in./in. or N-m/m)andt = plate thickness, in. or m.The desired pressure is as follows:P 516 Ma211!(3)where: a = distance from plate cen
25、ter to clampededge = 0.0984 m (3.875 in.) orSI Units:P 51652 M11(4)Inch 2 Pound Units:P 51.065 M11(5)8.3 In accordance with the procedures in 5.2, condition thespecimens under stress for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 equivalent years ofaccelerated weathering. Using a fluorescent ultraviolet conden-sation test c
26、hamber with UV B-313 lamps, an operatingtemperature of 48.89C (120F), alternate cycles of 7 h UVfollowed by5hofcondensation, each equivalent year ofnatural weathering may be simulated by 168 h of run time.Using the Fresnel-reflector accelerated outdoor exposure testmachines, parameters to establish
27、an equivalent year of real-time weathering shall comply with the guidelines presented inPractice G90.8.4 After each equivalent year of conditioning under stress,measure haze and transmittance at the plate center in accor-dance with Test Method D1003. The onset of crazing andseverity of crazing, incl
28、uding a description of the appearanceand location of crazing as detected by careful visual examina-tion aided by reflected light, should be noted.8.5 After each equivalent year of conditioning under stress,measure coating adhesion of coated material specimens usingTest Method BCross-Cut Tape Test of
29、 D3359-93, TestMethods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test. Scribe no lessthan a 12-line grid pattern (approximately 25 completesquares) in the manner prescribed by D3359. Apply a strip ofhigh tack masking tape,4on the scribed area and firmly pressinto the test area. Quickly pull (not jerk) the tape
30、 at a 18043M No. 670 tape has been found satisfactory; also an equivalent may be used.FIG. 1 Stress Weathering Test ApparatusF1164 97 (2014)2angle from the surface until the tape is completely removed.Examine the tape and test area for any coating removal. Ratethe adhesion according to Figure 1, Cla
31、ssification of AdhesionTest Results, as given in Test Method D3359.NOTE 1Section 1.1 of Test Method D3359 clearly states that the testmethod is “for assessing the adhesion of coating films to metallicsubstrates.” Test Method D3359 is rather insensitive and is a qualitativemeasure of low levels of ad
32、hesion. Since adhesion in polymeric systemshas significantly different characteristics than in metallic systems, it ispossible that Test Method D3359 may be an inappropriate choice forevaluating adhesion. At a minimum, it must be recognized that TestFIG. 2 Detail Parts, Pressure Cell Test FixtureFIG
33、. 2 Detail Parts, Pressure Cell Test Fixture (continued)F1164 97 (2014)3Method D3359, in the context of this application, is being used beyond itsscope. However, the technique of Tape Peel to evaluate coating adhesionis being utilized in the Aerospace Transparency community and TestMethod D3359 give
34、s the most complete description available to Tape Peelprocedures. Test Method D3359 is referenced in this test method forprocedure only, recognizing that the Precision and Bias statements in TestMethod D3359 do not apply to this test method.8.6 Take safety precautions to depressurize the test fixtur
35、eprior to handling, removing, or changing specimens or servic-ing the conditioning apparatus, or a combination thereof.9. Report9.1 Include the data specified in 8.1, 8.4, and 8.5, and reportthe following:9.1.1 Acomplete identification of the material tested includ-ing type, source, manufacturers co
36、de, form, thickness, andprevious history.9.1.2 Designation of exposure device; UV/condensationcycle time and temperature, total exposure time, and dates ofexposure.9.1.3 Description ofTape used forAdhesionTesting, includ-ing manufacturing and part number.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Haze and Transmitt
37、anceThe precision and bias ofhaze and transmittance measurements are as given in TestMethod D1003.10.2 CrazingThe precision and bias of craze detectionhave not been determined, since only qualitative informationon crazing results from this procedure.10.3 Tape PeelAttempts to develop a precision stat
38、ementfor the tape peel portion of this test method have not beensuccessful. For this reason, data on precision of the tape peelmeasurement cannot be given. Because this portion of the testmethod does not contain a numerical precision statement, thisportion shall not be used as a referee test method
39、in case ofdispute. Anyone wishing to participate in the development ofprecision and bias data should contact the Chairman, Subcom-mittee F07.08, ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, WestConshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.10.4 BiasNo recognized test standards exist by which toestimate bias of this Test Method.11.
40、Keywords11.1 accelerated weathering; biaxial stress; coating adhe-sion; crazing; transparent plasticsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that det
41、ermination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved o
42、r withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel th
43、at your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints
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