1、Designation: F1216 09F1216 16Standard Practice forRehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by theInversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the reconstruction of pipelin
3、es and conduits (4(2 to 108-in. diameter) by theinstallation of a resin-impregnated, flexible tube which is inverted into the existing conduit by use of a hydrostatic head or airpressure. The resin is cured by circulating hot water or introducing controlled steam within the tube. When cured, the fin
4、ished pipewill be continuous and tight-fitting. This reconstruction process can be used in a variety of gravity and pressure applications suchas sanitary sewers, storm sewers, process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
5、 standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of
6、this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.4.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical R
7、eagentsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive BondsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
8、D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and FittingsD3839 Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD5813 Specification for Cured-In-Place Thermosetting Resin Sewer Piping Sy
9、stemsE797E797/E797M Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Contact MethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 AWWA Standard:Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains, M 2842.3 NASSCO Standard:Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection System Rehabilit
10、ation53. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unlessotherwise specified.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
11、 F17.67 on Trenchless PlasticPipeline Technology.Current edition approved March 1, 2009Aug. 1, 2016. Published March 2009August 2016. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved 20082009 asF1216 08.F1216 09. DOI: 10.1520/F1216-09.10.1520/F1216-16.2 The following report has been publi
12、shed on one of the processes: Driver, F. T., and Olson, M. R., “Demonstration of Sewer Relining by the Insituform Process,Northbrook, Illinois,” EPA-600/2-83-064, Environmental Protection Agency, 1983. Interested parties can obtain copies from the Environmental Protection Agency or froma local techn
13、ical library.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American Water Works Associatio
14、n (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.5 Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies, 101 Wymore Rd., Suite 501, Altamonte, FL 32714.2470 Longstone Lane, Suite M Marriottsville,MD 21104. http:/www.nassco.org/This document is not an ASTM standard an
15、d is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
16、the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Term
17、s Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)a hollow cylinder containing a nonwoven or a woven material, or a combination ofnonwoven and woven material surrounded by a cured thermosetting resin. Plastic coatings may be included. This pipe is formedwithin an existing pipe. Therefore,
18、it takes the shape of and fits tightly to the existing pipe.3.2.2 inversionthe process of turning the resin-impregnated tube inside out by the use of water pressure or air pressure.3.2.3 lifta portion of the CIPP that has cured in a position such that it has pulled away from the existing pipe wall.4
19、. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who areinvolved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use of a resin-impregnated tube inverted through the existing conduit.As forany practice, modificati
20、ons may be required for specific job conditions.5. Materials5.1 TubeThe tube should consist of one or more layers of flexible needled felt or an equivalent nonwoven or woven material,or a combination of nonwoven and woven materials, capable of carrying resin, withstanding installation pressures and
21、curingtemperatures. The tube should be compatible with the resin system used. The material should be able to stretch to fit irregular pipesections and negotiate bends. The outside layer of the tube should be plastic coated with a material that is compatible with the resinsystem used. The tube should
22、 be fabricated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumference and the lengthof the original conduit. Allowance should be made for circumferential stretching during inversion.5.2 ResinA general purpose, unsaturated, styrene-based, thermoset resin and catalyst system or an
23、 epoxy resin and hardenerthat is compatible with the inversion process should be used. The resin must be able to cure in the presence of water and theinitiation temperature for cure should be less than 180F (82.2C). The CIPP system can be expected to have as a minimum theinitial structural propertie
24、s given in Table 1. These physical strength properties should be determined in accordance with Section8.6. Design Considerations6.1 General GuidelinesThe design thickness of the CIPP is largely a function of the condition of the existing pipe. Designequations and details are given in Appendix X1.7.
25、Installation7.1 Cleaning and Inspection:7.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of theatmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordance with local,state,
26、or federal safety regulations.7.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineAll internal debris should be removed from the original pipeline. Gravity pipes should be cleanedwith hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity jet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment (see NASSCO Recom-mended Specifications for Sew
27、er Collection System Rehabilitation). Pressure pipelines should be cleaned with cable-attacheddevices or fluid-propelled devices as shown in AWWA Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains, M 28.7.1.3 Inspection of PipelinesInspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced personnel trained
28、in locating breaks,obstacles, and service connections by closed-circuit television or man entry. The interior of the pipeline should be carefullyinspected to determine the location of any conditions that may prevent proper installation of the impregnated tube, such asprotruding service taps, collaps
29、ed or crushed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 %. These conditionsshould be noted so that they can be corrected.7.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe original pipeline should be clear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protruding serviceconnections, crushed or colla
30、psed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that will prevent the insertionof the resin-impregnated tube. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by conventional sewer cleaningequipment, then a point repair excavation should be made to uncover and remo
31、ve or repair the obstruction.TABLE 1 CIPP Initial Structural PropertiesAProperty Test MethodMinimum Valuepsi (MPa)Flexural strength D790 4 500 (31)Flexural modulus D790 250 000 (1 724)Tensile strength (forpressure pipesonly)D638 3 000 (21)AThe values in Table 1 are for field inspection. The purchase
32、r should consult themanufacturer for the long-term structural properties.F1216 1627.2 Resin ImpregnationThe tube should be vacuum-impregnated with resin (wet-out) under controlled conditions.The volumeof resin used should be sufficient to fill all voids in the tube material at nominal thickness and
33、diameter. The volume should beadjusted by adding 5 to 10 % excess resin for the change in resin volume due to polymerization and to allow for any migrationof resin into the cracks and joints in the original pipe.7.3 BypassingIf bypassing of the flow is required around the sections of pipe designated
34、 for reconstruction, the bypass shouldbe made by plugging the line at a point upstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow to a downstream point oradjacent system. The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Services within this reachwill be
35、 temporarily out of service.7.3.1 Public advisory services will be required to notify all parties whose service laterals will be out of commission and toadvise against water usage until the mainline is back in service.7.4 Inversion:7.4.1 Using Hydrostatic HeadThe wet-out tube should be inserted thro
36、ugh an existing manhole or other approved access bymeans of an inversion process and the application of a hydrostatic head sufficient to fully extend it to the next designated manholeor termination point. The tube should be inserted into the vertical inversion standpipe with the impermeable plastic
37、membrane sideout. At the lower end of the inversion standpipe, the tube should be turned inside out and attached to the standpipe so that aleakproof seal is created. The inversion head should be adjusted to be of sufficient height to cause the impregnated tube to invertfrom point of inversion to poi
38、nt of termination and hold the tube tight to the pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections. Careshould be taken during the inversion so as not to over-stress the felt fiber.7.4.1.1 An alternative method of installation is a top inversion. In this case, the tube is attached to a top ring and i
39、s invertedto form a standpipe from the tube itself or another method accepted by the engineer.NOTE 1The tube manufacturer should provide information on the maximum allowable tensile stress for the tube.7.4.2 Using Air PressureThe wet-out tube should be inserted through an existing manhole or other a
40、pproved access by meansof an inversion process and the application of air pressure sufficient to fully extend it to the next designated manhole or terminationpoint. The tube should be connected by an attachment at the upper end of the guide chute so that a leakproof seal is created andwith the imper
41、meable plastic membranes side out. As the tube enters the guide chute, the tube should be turned inside out. Theinversion air pressure should be adjusted to be of sufficient pressure to cause the impregnated tube to invert from point of inversionto point of termination and hold the tube tight to the
42、 pipe wall, producing dimples at side connections. Care should be taken duringthe inversion so as not to overstress the woven and nonwoven materials. WarningSuitable precautions should be taken toeliminate hazards to personnel in the proximity of the construction when pressurized air is being use.NO
43、TE 2Warning: Suitable precautions should be taken to eliminate hazards to personnel in the proximity of the construction when pressurized airis being use.7.4.3 Required PressuresBefore the inversion begins, the tube manufacturer shall provide the minimum pressure required tohold the tube tight again
44、st the existing conduit, and the maximum allowable pressure so as not to damage the tube. Once theinversion has started, the pressure shall be maintained between the minimum and maximum pressures until the inversion has beencompleted.7.5 LubricantThe use of a lubricant during inversion is recommende
45、d to reduce friction during inversion. This lubricantshould be poured into the inversion water in the downtube or applied directly to the tube. The lubricant used should be a nontoxic,oil-based product that has no detrimental effects on the tube or boiler and pump system, will not support the growth
46、 of bacteria,and will not adversely affect the fluid to be transported.7.6 Curing:7.6.1 Using Circulating Heated WaterAfter inversion is completed, a suitable heat source and water recirculation equipmentare required to circulate heated water throughout the pipe. The equipment should be capable of d
47、elivering hot water throughoutthe section to uniformly raise the water temperature above the temperature required to effect a cure of the resin. Water temperaturein the line during the cure period should be as recommended by the resin manufacturer.7.6.1.1 The heat source should be fitted with suitab
48、le monitors to gage the temperature of the incoming and outgoing watersupply. Another such gage should be placed between the impregnated tube and the pipe invert at the termination to determine thetemperatures during cure.7.6.1.2 Initial cure will occur during temperature heat-up and is completed wh
49、en exposed portions of the new pipe appear tobe hard and sound and the remote temperature sensor indicates that the temperature is of a magnitude to realize an exotherm orcure in the resin. After initial cure is reached, the temperature should be raised to the post-cure temperature recommended by theresin manufacturer. The post-cure temperature should be held for a period as recommended by the resin manufacturer, duringwhich time the recirculation of the water and cycling of the boiler to maintain the temperature continues. The curing of the CIPPmust take
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