1、Designation: F1306 90 (Reapproved 2008)1Standard Test Method forSlow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Filmsand Laminates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test m
3、ethod permits flexible barrier films andlaminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resis-tance to a driven probe. The test is performed at roomtemperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single testvelocity on the material until perforation occurs. The force,energy, and elongation to
4、 perforation are determined.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of th
5、esafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D374 Test Methods for Thick
6、ness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3
7、.1.1 elongation (stretch)the elastic/plastic deformationof flexible sheet material under penetration by a driven probe.3.1.2 penetration resistancethe ability of a flexible sheetmaterial to withstand elongation and/or puncture by a drivenprobe.3.1.3 perforationthe development of a measurable flawthr
8、ough a barrier film undergoing penetration.3.1.4 probe penetration to failuredistance probe travelsfrom film contact to an instantaneous drop in load as observedon Universal Testing Equipment recorder.3.1.5 puncturethe brittle elastic fracture of a flexible sheetmaterial under penetration by a drive
9、n probe.4. Significance and Use4.1 Penetration resistance is an important end-use perfor-mance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged productcan destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permitpackage entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contami-nates, causing potential harm to
10、the product and reducingshelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary withnumerous factors, such as film thickness, elastic modulus, rateof penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Conse-quently, material responses from puncture to stretch may beobserved and quantified using this
11、method.Although numerouscombinations of experimental factors can be devised and usedto simulate specific end-use applications, the recommendedconditions in this method should be followed for standardcomparisons of materials.5. Apparatus5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus, with a recording device.5.2 Com
12、pression Load Cell(s).5.3 Penetration Probe as per Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Origina
13、llyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1306 90 (2002).DOI: 10.1520/F1306-90R08E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
14、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3.1 A 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) diameter hemispherical (biaxialstress) probe is recommended for general application andstandard comparison of ma
15、terials and interlaboratory results.5.4 Specimen Clamping Fixture as per Fig. 2 or equivalent.5.4.1 A sample test diameter of 34.9 mm (1.375 in.) isrequired for interlaboratory comparison of results. (If otherprobes are used, a minimum clamp to probe diameter ratio of10 to 1 is required.)5.5 Specime
16、n Cutter.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform thickness (62%or 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.), whichever is larger).6.2 The dimensions of the test specimen shall be 76 mm by76 mm (3 in. by 3 in.).7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Consult the equipment operations manual for instruc-tions to
17、 set up and operate the equipment.7.2 Install probe apparatus.7.3 Center probe over the fixture.8. Number of Test Specimens8.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 hpri
18、or to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618for those tests where conditioning is required.9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityunless otherwise specified in this test method.10. Procedure10.1 Following the instru
19、ment manufacturers instructions,calibrate the test equipment.10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimenpuncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.10.3 Using the specimen cutter, cut each sample materialinto a minimum of five 3 in. by 3 in. pieces.10.4 Measure the caliper (average of 3 r
20、eadings) in thecenter of a film specimen.10.5 Adjust the universal tester cross head speed to 25mm/min (1.0 in./min). (Set chart speed recorder to 500mm/min (20 in./min), if applicable.) Select a data acquisitionrate to give a minimum resolution of 0.1 mm/point of penetra-tion.10.6 Clamp the film sp
21、ecimen in the holder, place sampleholder directly under crosshead probe, center and lower it asclose as possible to the film specimen without making contact.10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the tester.Reset data collection devices to zero, if applicable.10.8 Activate universal tester. A
22、t the first sign of a perfora-tion through the film, return the crosshead to origination point.(A perforation is any size hole in the film specimen visible tothe naked eye, or a point where an instantaneous drop in loadto near zero occurs.) See Fig. 3.NOTE 1In case of laminate materials, multiple dr
23、ops in load may beobserved as discrete layers fail. Under this condition the last instantaneousdrop to near zero would be considered a failure.10.9 Record specimen identification, force (peak) to break,energy (work) to break, and probe penetration (at first break)FIG. 1 Penetration ProbeFIG. 2 Speci
24、men Clamping Fixture FIG. 3 Graphical Output of Slow Rate Penetration TestF1306 90 (2008)12from mechanical testing software output (Fig. 3). (If usingchart recording instruments, record specimen identification onchart and integrator reading if used.)10.10 Repeat test sequence (10.1 to 10.9) for the
25、remainingsamples.11. Calculation11.1 Compute the values of peak force, probe penetration tobreak, and energy to break.11.1.1 Software computed values are acceptable.11.2 Use the following formulas for calculating the requiredvalues for data acquisition with a time based chart recorder.11.2.1 Force t
26、o BreakPeak force to achieve break (New-tons):N 5 R 3 L orDW3 L (1)where:N = force to break (Newtons),R = chart reading (%), expressed as a decimal,L = full scale load (FSL), ND = recorded actual millimeters of chart in vertical axis,from start of test to finish,W = full scale width of chart, mm.11.
27、2.2 Probe PenetrationDepth probe traveled in pen-etrating film specimen (mm), from initial probe contact withsample, to penetration at break:P 5D 3 SC(2)where:P = probe travel to penetration at first break, mm,D = recorded actual millimeters of chart in vertical axis,from start of test to finish,S =
28、 crosshead speed, (mm/min), andC = chart speed, (mm/min).11.2.3 EnergyWork to break (Joules):J 5 I 3 L 3SZ(3)where:J = energy, J,L = full scale load (FSL), N,S = crosshead speed, (mm/min),I = integrator reading, (counts), andZ = integrator, (counts/min).12. Report12.1 Report the following informatio
29、n:12.1.1 Sample identification.12.1.2 Mean and standard deviation of five values for:12.1.2.1 Force at break (N),12.1.2.2 Energy to break (J),12.1.2.3 Probe penetration (mm), and12.1.2.4 Caliper (mm) of film specimens for each sample(three values).13. Precision and Bias313.1 Precision:13.1.1 Table 1
30、 and Table 2 are based on a round robinconducted in 198889 in accordance with Practice E691,involving six materials tested by six laboratories. For eachmaterial, all the samples were prepared at one source, but theindividual specimens were prepared at the laboratories whichtested them. Each test res
31、ult was the test value of an individualdetermination. Each laboratory obtained five test results foreach material. Each laboratory tested each material two ways,each of which is treated as a separate material.13.1.1.1 Table 3 and Table 4 are based on the same roundrobin discussed above, but the data
32、 is based on three and fourlaboratories respectively and should be used with caution dueto the small amount of data.NOTE 2The following explanations of r and R (13.1.2 through13.1.2.3) are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data
33、 in Table 1 and Table3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F02-1009.TABLE 1 Puncture Force (6 Laboratories)MaterialMaterialOrientationValues expressed in units of NewtonsAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 6.63 0.187 0.676 0.5
34、25 1.891BW 010 Outside 6.72 0.360 0.903 1.015 2.528BW 82 Inside 9.47 1.94 2.034 5.429 5.696BW 82 Outside 9.08 2.23 2.416 6.226 6.773BW 117 Inside 12.10 1.615 2.238 4.521 6.608BW 117 Outside 12.37 1.798 2.852 5.029 7.983BW 295 Inside 42.54 1.776 2.078 4.966 5.816BW 295 Outside 36.49 0.983 3.066 2.756
35、 8.580BW 341 Inside 41.83 2.697 3.502 7.547 9.803BW 341 Outside 42.94 3.400 4.971 9.514 13.920BW 234 Inside 72.31 11.080 14.285 31.061 39.961BW 234 Outside 65.64 16.421 17.266 45.969 48.372F1306 90 (2008)133 should not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material,as those data are sp
36、ecific to the round robin and may not be representativeof other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this testmethod should apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generatedata specific to their laboratory and materials, or between specificlaboratories. The principles of
37、13.1.2 thru 13.1.2.3 would then be valid forsuch data.13.1.2 Concept of r and RIf Srand SRhave been calcu-lated from a large enough body of data, and for test results thatwere test values from testing individual specimens:13.1.2.1 Repeatability Limit, r(Comparing two test re-sults for the same mater
38、ial, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day.) The two testresults should be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the r value for that material.13.1.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, R(Comparing two testresults for the same material, obtained by different operators
39、using different equipment in different laboratories.) The twotest results should be judged not equivalent if they differ bymore than the R value for that material.13.1.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 13.2.1 or 13.2.2would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of beingcorrect.13.2 BiasThere
40、 are no recognized standards by which toestimate the bias of this test method.TABLE 2 Puncture Penetration (6 Laboratories)Material Material OrientationValues expressed in mmAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 0.0107 0.0095 0.0031 0.0027 0.0088BW 010 Outside 0.0111 0.0006 0.0031 0.0017 0.0086BW 82 Inside 0.
41、0060 0.0011 0.0023 0.0031 0.0063BW 82 Outside 0.0058 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0068BW 117 Inside 0.0097 0.0013 0.0028 0.0035 0.0080BW 117 Outside 0.0010 0.0012 0.0029 0.0032 0.0081BW 295 Inside 0.0071 0.0004 0.0019 0.0061 0.0052BW 295 Outside 0.0071 0.0002 0.0010 0.0007 0.0028BW 341 Inside 0.0062 0.000
42、3 0.0018 0.0008 0.0050BW 341 Outside 0.0065 0.0042 0.0019 0.0012 0.0052BW 234 Inside 0.0061 0.0004 0.0018 0.0012 0.0051BW 234 Outside 0.0058 0.0012 0.0018 0.0033 0.0050TABLE 3 Material Thickness (3 Laboratories)Material Material OrientationValues expressed in mmAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 0.050 0.00
43、11 0.0012 0.0030 0.0034BW 010 Outside 0.049 0.0019 0.0026 0.0052 0.0074BW 82 Inside 0.020 0.0006 0.0008 0.0018 0.0023BW 82 Outside 0.020 0.0009 0.0015 0.0025 0.0043BW 117 Inside 0.013 0.0009 0.0010 0.0025 0.0028BW 117 Outside 0.012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0032 0.0034BW 295 Inside 0.113 0.0024 0.0029 0.0069
44、0.0080BW 295 Outside 0.113 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0034BW 341 Inside 0.031 0.0015 0.0015 0.0042 0.0042BW 341 Outside 0.031 0.0019 0.0024 0.0053 0.0068BW 234 Inside 0.210 0.0168 0.0168 0.0470 0.0470BW 234 Outside 0.211 0.0160 0.0207 0.0047 0.0579TABLE 4 Puncture Energy (4 Laboratories)Material Materia
45、l OrientationValues expressed in JoulesAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 0.0490 0.0042 0.0104 0.0118 0.0292BW 010 Outside 0.0502 0.0039 0.0071 0.0109 0.0197BW 82 Inside 0.0270 0.0104 0.0115 0.0290 0.0323BW 82 Outside 0.0268 0.0091 0.0123 0.0254 0.0343BW 117 Inside 0.0599 0.0143 0.0166 0.0379 0.0464BW 117
46、Outside 0.0597 0.0176 0.0242 0.0494 0.0679BW 295 Inside 0.1374 0.0111 0.0111 0.0311 0.0311BW 295 Outside 0.0926 0.0172 0.0258 0.0481 0.0722BW 341 Inside 0.1077 0.0113 0.0178 0.0317 0.0500BW 341 Outside 0.1177 0.0125 0.0232 0.0348 0.0649BW 234 Inside 0.1839 0.0384 0.0503 0.1074 0.1158BW 234 Outside 0
47、.1459 0.0465 0.0586 0.1302 0.1642F1306 90 (2008)14ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent right
48、s, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for r
49、evision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single o
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