ASTM F1322-1990(2004) Standard Guide for Selection of Shipboard Incinerators《船上焚烧装置的选择》.pdf

1、Designation: F 1322 90 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Guide forSelection of Shipboard Incinerators1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers selection criteria to assist procurers inselecting the appropriate incinerator for thei

3、r needs.1.2 This guide is a companion document to SpecificationF 1323.1.3 This guide does not apply to incinerator systems onspecial incinerator ships, for example, for burning industrialwastes such as chemicals, manufacturing residues, and soforth.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1323 S

4、pecification for Shipboard Incinerators2.2 Other Document:3MARPOL 73/783. Selecting the Incinerator Size and Installed Location3.1 A number of factors will govern the selection of the sizeand type of shipboard incinerator and full consideration mustbe given to each. The installed operating location

5、of the unit isof equal importance to ensure low-cost operating, ease ofcharging, ease of cleaning, and so forth. Consideration shouldbe given to the following:3.1.1 Maximum amount of each type of waste that will beincinerated each day.3.1.2 The normal number of hours per day that the incin-erator wi

6、ll be in operation: loading procedure batch/continuousover operating hours.3.1.3 Can wet and dry material be loaded into the incinera-tor so that a large volume of auxiliary fuel is not required?3.1.4 Can the incinerator be installed on the ship in alocation near the major source of refuse so as to

7、minimize themanpower requirements during loading operations?3.1.5 Will ashes be able to be removed easily if theincinerator is installed in the machinery space or on a lowerdeck? Will ash removal be manual (shoveling) or semiauto-matic (plow)?4. Estimating Daily Quantities of Waste to BeIncinerated4

8、.1 Size of Ships Crew:4.1.1 Galley waste estimate: 2 lb per crew member per day.4.1.2 Crews quarters waste estimate: 1.5 lb per room perday.4.2 Number of Passengers Carried:4.2.1 Galley waste estimate:34 lb per meal served.4.2.2 Passenger quarters waste estimate: 1.5 lb per room perday.4.3 StoresInc

9、luding amount of packages and packagesthat would add to the ships garbage.4.4 Spent oil.5. Factors for Selection5.1 Type of UnitTwo-stage controlled air, or single-stage,compact high-temperature cyclone incinerator.5.2 Size of unit (number of people on board).5.3 Loading considerations (manual loade

10、r) (batch or con-tinuous).5.4 Auxiliary liquid waste capability (sludge oil/waste oil).5.5 Installation considerations (indoor/outdoor).5.6 Environmental considerations (in port usage).5.7 Heat recover options (amount of steam or hot water).5.8 Ash removal.5.9 Induced draft fan requirements.5.10 Mod

11、ular/package.5.11 Dimensions/weight.6. Classification of Shipboard Wastes and Incinerators6.1 The basis for satisfactory incinerator operation is theproper analysis of the waste to be destroyed and the selectionof proper equipment to best destroy that particular waste.1This guide is under the jurisd

12、iction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 onMarine Environmental Protection.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1322 - 90 (1998).2For

13、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert

14、 Embankment,London SE1 7SR, UK.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 As a guide, mixtures of waste most commonly encoun-tered have been classified into types of waste, together with theBritish Thermal Unit (Btu) values

15、and moisture contents of themixtures.4A concentration of one specific waste in the mixturemay change the Btu value or the moisture content, or both, ofthe mixture. A concentration of more than 10 % by weight ofcatalogs, magazines, or packaged paper will change the densityof the mixture and affect bu

16、rning rates.6.3 Similarly, incinerators have been classified by theircapacities and by the types of wastes they are capable ofincinerating.6.4 Classification of Shipboard WastesThe followingclassification of shipboard wastes differs from the definition ofgarbage as found in Annex V of MARPOL 73/78,

17、whichincludes all of the types listed on this page.6.4.1 Type 0Trash, a mixture of highly combustiblewaste, such as paper, cardboard, cartons, wood boxes, andcombustible floor sweepings from commercial and industrialactivities. The mixtures contain up to 10 % by weight of plasticbags, coated paper,

18、laminated paper, treated corrugated card-board, oil rags, and plastic or rubber scraps.6.4.1.1 This type of waste contains 10 % moisture, 5 %incombustible solids, and has a heating value of 8500 Btu/lb asfired.6.4.2 Type 1Rubbish, a mixture of combustible waste,such as paper, cardboard cartons, wood

19、 scrap, foliage, andcombustible floor sweepings, from domestic, commercial, andindustrial activities. The mixture contains up to 20 % by weightof galley or cafeteria waste, but contains little or no treatedpapers, plastic, or rubber wastes.6.4.2.1 This type of waste contains 25 % moisture, 10 %incom

20、bustible solids, and has a heating value of 6500 Btu/lb asfired.6.4.3 Type 2Refuse, consisting of an approximately evenmixture of rubbish and garbage by weight.6.4.3.1 This type waste is common to passenger shipsoccupancy, consisting of up to 50 % moisture, 7 % incombus-tible solids, and has a heati

21、ng value of 4300 Btu/lb as fired.6.4.4 Type 3Garbage, consisting of animal and vegetablewastes from restaurants, cafeterias, galleys, sick bays, and likeinstallations.6.4.4.1 This type of waste contains up to 70 % moisture, upto 5 % incombustible solids, and has a heating value of 2500Btu/lb as fire

22、d.6.4.5 Type 4Aquatic life forms and animal remains,consisting of carcasses, organs and solid organic wastes fromvessels carrying animal type cargos, consisting of up to 85 %moisture, 5 % incombustible solids, and having a heating valuerange of 1000 Btu/lb as fired.6.4.6 Type 5By-product waste, liqu

23、id or semiliquid, suchas tar, paints, solvents, sludge, oil, waste oil, and so forth, fromshipboard operations. Btu values must be determined by theindividual materials to be destroyed.6.4.7 Type 6Solid by-product waste, such as rubber,plastics, wood waste, and so forth, from industrial operations.B

24、tu values must be determined by the individual materials tobe destroyed.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of

25、 any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments ar

26、e invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not rec

27、eived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies)

28、of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4The original source of data for these classifications is the Incinerator Instituteof America Waste Classification, available from the Incinerator Institute of America,60 E. 42nd St., New York, NY 10017.F 1322 90 (2004)2