ASTM F1322-2015 Standard Guide for Selection of Shipboard Incinerators《船用焚烧装置选择的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F1322 90 (Reapproved 2009)F1322 15 An American National StandardStandard Guide forSelection of Shipboard Incinerators1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers selection criteria to assist procurers in selecting the appropriate incinerator f

3、or their needs.1.2 This guide is a companion document to Specification F1323.1.3 This guide does not apply to incinerator systems on special incinerator ships, for example, for burning industrial wastes suchas chemicals, manufacturing residues, and so forth.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to b

4、e regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1323 Specification for Shipboard Incinerators2.2 Other Document:3MARPOL 73783. Te

5、rminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 batch feeding, nnon-continuous feeding incinerator where the combustion chamber shall be cooled down betweenplacing solid waste into the combustion chamber.3.1.2 continuous feeding, npump transfer of sludge oil into the incinerator combustion chamber on a continuous ba

6、sis; also,the feeding of solid waste into the combustion chamber by a screw conveyor or sluice system.3.1.3 sludge oil, nresidual from fuel and lubricating oil separators, oily waste from machinery and hydraulic power units, driptrays, and oil-water separators.3.1.4 sluice system, ntrap door system,

7、 whereby it is possible in a safe manner to feed solid waste into the combustionchamber while the incinerator is operating at high temperature.3.1.5 solid waste, ncombustible trash, garbage, and rubbish (see also 7.4).3.1.6 waste, nunneeded or useless matter which is to be discarded.4. Selecting the

8、 Incinerator Size and Installed Location4.1 A number of factors will govern the selection of the size and type of shipboard incinerator and full consideration must begiven to each. The installed operating location of the unit is of equal importance to ensure low-cost operating, ease of charging,ease

9、 of cleaning, and so forth. Consideration should be given to the following:4.1.1 Maximum amount of each type of waste that will be incinerated each day.day (see Section 5).4.1.2 The normal number of hours per day that the incinerator will be in operation: loading procedure batch/continuous overopera

10、ting hours.operation.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 on MarineEnvironmental Protection.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009May 1, 2015. Published January 2010July 2015. Originally app

11、roved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 asF1322 - 90F1322 90 (2004).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/F1322-90R09.10.1520/F1322-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume inf

12、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from the International Maritime Organization, 4 Organization (IMO), 4, Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, UK.London, UK, SEI 7SR, http:/www.imo.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to pro

13、vide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the

14、 standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.3 Loading procedure (batch/continuous) over operating hours.4.1.4 Can wet and dry material be loaded into the

15、 incinerator so that a large volume of auxiliary fuel is not required?4.1.5 Can the incinerator be installed on the ship in a location near the major source of refuse so as to minimize the manpowerrequirements during loading operations?4.1.6 Will ashes be able to be removed easily Ash removal, if th

16、e incinerator is installed in the machinery space or on a lowerdeck? Will ash removal be manual (shoveling) or semiautomatic (plow)? deck.4.1.7 Will ash removal be manual (shoveling) or semiautomatic (plow)?5. Estimating Daily Quantities of Waste to Be Incinerated5.1 Size of ShipsShips Crew:4.1.1 Ga

17、lley waste estimate: 2 lb per crew member per day.5.1.1 Crews Galley and crew quarters waste estimate: 1.5 lb per room kg (3.3 lb) per crew member per day.5.2 Number of Passengers Carried:4.2.1 Galley waste estimate: 34 lb per meal served.5.2.1 Passenger Galley and passenger quarters waste estimate:

18、 1.5 lb per room2.5 kg (5.5 lb) per passenger per day.5.3 StoresIncludingEstimated amount of packages and packages that would add to the ships garbage.packaging for food andother items that, during the underway period, will become waste in the form of rubbish or trash; 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) per crew membe

19、ror passenger per day.5.4 Spent oil. Sludge oil generation (see 8.3).6. Other Factors for Selection6.1 Type of UnitUnit Two-stage controlled air, or single-stage, compact high-temperature cyclone incinerator.(for example:solid waste only, solid waste and sludge oil).6.2 Size of unit (number of peopl

20、e on board).Capacity of unit in kW or BTU/hr (based on waste generation estimate, heatcontent of waste, and operating hours).6.3 Loading considerations (manual loader) (batch or continuous).Sludge oil capacity.6.4 Auxiliary liquid waste capability (sludge oil/waste oil).Loading considerations (batch

21、 loading or continuous feed).6.5 Installation considerations (indoor/outdoor).6.6 Environmental considerations (in port usage).(incinerators are normally required to meet the emission limits specified inIMO MARPOL 73/78, Annex VI).6.7 Heat recover options (amount of steam or hot water).6.8 Ash remov

22、al.6.9 Induced draft fan requirements.6.10 Modular/package.Modular/package construction.6.11 Dimensions/weight.7. Classification of Shipboard Wastes and Incinerators7.1 The basis for satisfactory incinerator operation is the proper analysis of the waste to be destroyed and the selection of properequ

23、ipment to best destroy that particular waste.7.2 As a guide, mixtures of waste most commonly encountered have been classified into types of waste, together with the BritishThermal Unit (Btu) values and moisture contents of the mixtures.4Aconcentration of one specific waste in the mixture may changet

24、he Btu value or the moisture content, or both, of the mixture.Aconcentration of more than 10 % by weight of catalogs, magazines,or packaged paper will change the density of the mixture and affect burning rates.7.3 Similarly, incinerators have been classified by their capacities and by the types of w

25、astes they are capable of incinerating.7.4 Classification of Shipboard WastesThe following classification of shipboard wastes differs from the definition of garbageas found in Annex V of MARPOL 73/78, which includes all of the types listed on this page.7.4.1 Type 0Trash, a mixture of highly combusti

26、ble waste, such as paper, cardboard, cartons, wood boxes, and combustiblefloor sweepings from commercial and industrial activities. The mixtures contain up to 10 % by weight of plastic bags, coated paper,laminated paper, treated corrugated cardboard, oil rags, and plastic or rubber scraps.4 The orig

27、inal source of data for these classifications is the Incinerator Institute of America Waste Classification, available from the Incinerator Institute of America, 60E. 42nd St., New York, NY 10017.F1322 1527.4.1.1 This type of waste contains 10 % moisture, 5 % 10 % moisture, 5 % incombustible solids,

28、and has a heating value of8500 Btu/lb 19 730 kJ/kg (8500 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.2 Type 1Rubbish, a mixture of combustible waste, such as paper, cardboard cartons, wood scrap, foliage, and combustiblefloor sweepings, from domestic, commercial, and industrial activities. The mixture contains up to 20 %

29、by weight of galley orcafeteria waste, but contains little or no treated papers, plastic, or rubber wastes.7.4.2.1 This type of waste contains 25 % moisture, 10 % 25 % moisture, 10 % incombustible solids, and has a heating valueof 6500 Btu/lb 15 100 kJ/kg (6500 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.3 Type 2Refuse, c

30、onsisting of an approximately even mixture of rubbish and garbage by weight.7.4.3.1 This type of waste is common to passenger ships occupancy, consisting of up to 50 % moisture, 7 % 50 % moisture,7 % incombustible solids, and has a heating value of 4300 Btu/lb 10 000 kJ/kg (4300 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4

31、.4 Type 3Garbage, consisting of animal and vegetable wastes from restaurants, cafeterias, galleys, sick bays, and likeinstallations.7.4.4.1 This type of waste contains up to 70 % 70 % moisture, up to 5 % 5 % incombustible solids, and has a heating value of2500 Btu/lb 5800 kJ/kg (2500 Btu/lb) as fire

32、d.7.4.5 Type 4Aquatic life forms and animal remains, consisting of carcasses, organs and solid organic wastes from vesselscarrying animal type cargos, consisting of up to 85 % moisture, 5 % 85 % moisture, 5 % incombustible solids, and having a heatingvalue range of 1000 Btu/lb 2300 kJ/kg (1000 Btu/l

33、b) as fired.7.4.6 Type 5By-product waste, liquid or semiliquid,semi-liquid, such as tar, paints, solvents, sludge, oil, waste oil, and soforth, from shipboard operations. Btu values Energy values (kJ/kg or BTU/lb) must be determined by the individual materials tobe destroyed.7.4.7 Type 6Solid by-pro

34、duct waste, such as rubber, plastics, wood waste, and so forth, from industrial operations. Btu valuesEnergy values (kJ/kg or BTU/lb) must be determined by the individual materials to be destroyed.8. Incinerator Operations and Sludge Oil Estimation8.1 The normal incineration procedure should be desc

35、ribed for a vessel in the technical specifications and waste managementplan, to define how the incinerator is to be used under normal operating conditions, and to make sure it has enough capacity forthe intended use. Reports from tests performed to meet IMO MARPOL Annex VI or Specification F1323 emi

36、ssion requirementsshould be considered in capacity calculations. The sizing of the incinerator should take into consideration the expected dailyoperational hours, the uncertainty in the calculation of the waste amount , and the mixture of the waste. Also, sufficient time fornormal repair and service

37、 of the incinerator should be taken into account.8.2 Solid Waste Capacity CalculationFor solid waste generation, the values in Section 5 should be considered. It should betaken into account if the incinerator will be batch fed or has the capability to be sluice fed continuously, or a combination of

38、both.Batch feeding reduces the daily capacity, since the chamber shall be cooled between batches before opening and reloading.8.3 Machinery Sludge Oil Generation CalculationFor engines using heavy fuel oil (HFO), it can be estimated that about 12% of the fuel consumption will end up in the sludge oi

39、l tank for incineration, depending on separator capabilities and operationalprocedures. The daily generation of sludge oil (SO, in litres) for two-stroke engines can also be estimated by the followingcalculation:SO daily, litres!=0.1823kW3PCT/100!324hrs (1)where:0.182 = a typical constant for two-st

40、roke engines with units of litres/(kW hr),kW = the ship engine power in brake kW, andPCT = the estimated sludge oil generation.The calculation estimates the amount of sludge generated daily under 24 hour transit. If engine size is in horsepower, divideresult by 1.36. Suggested minimum PCT value is 1

41、 or 2. If the main engine runs on marine diesel oil or distillate fuel, the dailygeneration of sludge is limited, and sludge oil generation should be positively verified in each case. Other sources for sludge oil,such as lubricating oil and hydraulic oil, should also be added.8.4 Capacity Calculatio

42、n When Burning Both Solid Waste and Sludge Oil:8.4.1 The estimated capacity calculation should be the sum of the estimates generated by 8.2 and 8.3 above. The service tanksfor sludge oil should at least have sufficient capacity to hold the daily generation of such waste, as defined by 8.3, received

43、viathe sludge oil holding tank.8.4.2 The flue gas extraction system shall have sufficient capacity to handle stack back pressure under all circumstances, tosecure full effect of theoretical incinerator capacity, and to provide personnel and property protection.8.4.3 Back pressure calculations shall

44、be presented and compared with system abilities.8.4.4 It is recommended to consult the equipment supplier for advice and verification of calculations.8.4.5 For optimum efficiency, and to reduce the amount of unburned components in the ashes, it is recommended to incineratesludge oil first, then all

45、solid waste, and then switch back to sludge oil.F1322 1539. Keywords9.1 incinerators; selection; shipboard incineratorsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED WATERX1.1 Incinerators can be equipped to utilize heat generated during normal operation to dispose of con

46、taminated water, throughinjection directly into the chamber.X1.1.1 The water can be what normally is destined to end up in the oily water separator or holding tank for sludge oil.X1.1.2 The water can be contaminated with the same components as found in sludge oil, mainly oil, and chemicals. No solid

47、s.X1.1.3 The water is transferred to a water service tank before injection in the combustion process, where levels and consumptioncan be monitored (for oil record book recording, if necessary) and necessary pre-treatment, if any.X1.2 Water injection shall be monitored and controlled by the incinerat

48、or controls (for example, programmable logic controller(PLC), and not by a separate system.X1.2.1 If the system fails to stabilize the chamber temperature at a level where injection can proceed, the water injection shouldbe automatically shut down by the PLC.X1.2.2 Injection of water in the combusti

49、on chamber should not increase fuel consumption after stabilization.X1.2.3 Injection of water should not significantly reduce the incinerator capacity, compared to capacity without this optionalequipment.X1.3 An incinerator with such optional equipment should be tested and certified according to normal IMO procedures.X1.4 It is recommended to seek advice on installation and use of any water injection equipment with the supplier.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item ment