1、Designation: F 1358 00 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forEffects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used inProtective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for FlameResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、 year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laborat
3、oryscreening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance andburning characteristics of materials used in protective clothingwhere flame resistance is not the primary form of protectionprovided by the clothing.1.1.1 It is more appropriate to evaluate materials used inapplications where flame resi
4、stance is the primary form ofprotection provided by the clothing by other flammability testmethods. This test method shall not be used to evaluatematerials where flame resistance is the primary form ofprotection offered by the protective clothing.1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing
5、 easeof ignition and burning behavior of materials which includeplastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates,multilayer-material systems, or other protective clothing mate-rials that are not designated for offering flame resistance astheir primary form of protection.1.2 This test
6、 method measures and describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The
7、values stated in SI units or other units shall beregarded separately. The values stated in each system may notbe exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently, without combining values.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
8、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 4391 Terminology Relating
9、 to the Burning Behavior ofTextilesD 4723 Index of and Descriptions of Textile Heat andFlammability Test Methods and Performance Specifica-tionsD 6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-tical Test)F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor defin
10、itions of terms used in this testmethod, related to the combustion of textiles, refer to theterminology contained in Terminology F 4391. For definitionsof terms used in this test method, related to protective clothing,refer to the terminology contained in Terminology F 1494. Fordefinitions of terms
11、used in this test method, related to textileissues, refer to the terminology contained in TerminologyD 123.3.2 afterflame,npersistent flaming of a material after theignition source has been removed.3.3 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition so
12、urce has beenremoved.3.4 afterglow, na glow in a material after the removal ofan external ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material (see also glow).3.5 anisotropic, adjhaving different values for a specificproperty in different directions.3.5.1 DiscussionW
13、hen this test method is used to evalu-ate textile-based materials, this term refers to warp (wale) and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 onProtective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.80 onFlame and Thermal.Current edition approved January 1
14、, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 1358 - 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th
15、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.filling (course) directions. When this test method is used fornonwoven materials, this term refers to machine and cross-machine dire
16、ctions.3.6 burning behavior, nall the changes that take placewhen materials or products are exposed to a specified ignitionsource.3.7 burn distance, nthe measurement from the bottomedge of the specimen to the farthest point that shows evidenceof damage due to combustion.3.7.1 DiscussionIn evaluating
17、 the effects of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, this mea-surement applies to the folded material specimen when pressedflat and includes all areas partially burned, charred, embrittled,or melted, but not including areas sooted, stained, distorted, ordiscolored. Damage due
18、 to mechanical delamination or split-ting of the specimen is not included in the burn distance unlessthe delaminated or split area includes damage due to combus-tion.3.8 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.9 combustion, na chemical pr
19、ocess of oxidation thatoccurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually lighteither as glow or flames.3.10 dripping, nin testing thermal protective clothing, amaterial response as evidenced by flowing of the polymer.3.10.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of material
20、s used in protective clothing, drippingmay be the formation of liquid droplets from melted surface orsubstrate material during flame impingement.3.11 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.12 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles,
21、 a controlledhot luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustionas evidenced by a low-intensity heat source of less than 1 kW,such as a candle flame or match flame.3.12.1 DiscussionExamples are flames from a match,candle, or buns
22、en burner. The burner flame in this test methodproduces relatively low heat flux and should be constant in sizeand shape.3.13 flame impingement, ndirect contact between a flameand a material.3.13.1 DiscussionIn testing flame impingement of mate-rials used in protective clothing, the flame is of a sp
23、ecified typeand duration.3.14 flammability, nthose characteristics of a material thatpertain to its ignition and support of combustion.3.14.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, flammabil-ity is based on the relative number of specimens
24、 which ignitewhen exposed to flame either for a period of 3 or 12 s.3.15 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solidphase of a material.3.15.1 DiscussionAlthough a solid may glow, it can alsoproduce combustible discharge that will cause a flame. Thesetwo phenomena are not necessarily interdepe
25、ndent.3.16 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.16.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of material used in protective clothing, ignition isdetermined by the presence of after-flame after the removal ofthe burner flame.3.17 melting, nin testing thermal protective clothing
26、,aresponse to heat by a material resulting in evidence of flowingor dripping.3.17.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement of materials used in protective clothing, meltingmay occur at surface layers or in combination with thesubstrate fabric(s) or other polymer layers. Melting ma
27、y beobserved for protective clothing materials which involve apolymer coating or laminate combined with a normally flame-resistant fabric or substrate.3.18 protective clothing, na product which is specificallydesigned and constructed for the intended purpose of isolatingparts of the body from a pote
28、ntial hazard; or as a barrier toprevent the body from being a source of contamination.3.18.1 DiscussionIn this test method the potential hazardis flame impingement on protective clothing where flameresistance is not the primary form of protection offered by thatclothing.3.19 shrinkage, na decrease i
29、n one or more dimensions ofan object or material.3.19.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im-pingement, these changes in dimension are caused by heatfrom the flame source.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A conditioned specimen of a protective clothing mate-rial is folded in half and placed in
30、 a sample holder with thefolded edge suspended over a gas flame.4.2 The specimen is exposed to the flame for a 3-s interval.4.2.1 If the material ignites during this exposure, the after-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance of the specimenare measured and reported. Any observations of burnin
31、gbehavior are also reported. The test is then terminated.4.3 If the material does not ignite after the first exposure, thesame specimen is exposed to the flame for a 12-s interval. Theafter-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance of thespecimen are measured and reported. Any observations ofbur
32、ning behavior are also reported.4.4 An alternative procedure is provided for conducting the12-s exposure only.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to determine the ignitionresistance and burning characteristics of materials used inprotective clothing, where flame resistance is not
33、 the primaryform of protection designated.5.1.1 Flame resistance is a distinctive property of clothingitems designated for isolating parts of the body from antici-pated flame hazards. It is possible that protective clothingdesignated for isolation from other hazard, such as those forchemical or biol
34、ogical protection, neither have flame resistancenor isolate the wearer from flame hazards. This test method canbe used to evaluate the effects of flame impingement onprotective clothing where flame resistance is not the primaryobjective of protection.F 1358 00 (2005)25.1.2 When flame resistance is t
35、he primary protection of-fered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods can beused. A test method that is useful for evaluating flameresistance of textiles is Test Method D 6413. Index D 4723contains descriptions and guidance on other flammability testmethods for textiles.5.1.3 This test
36、 method is useful to determine the ignitionresistance and burning characteristics of materials used inprotective clothing not designated for flame resistance whenthe outer material surface is exposed to the flame. As such, itis particularly suited to protective clothing materials which arecomposed o
37、f different layers such as coated fabrics, laminates,or multilayer clothing systems.5.2 Correlation of data from this test method with theignition resistance and burning characteristics of protectiveclothing (not designated for flame resistance) under actual useconditions is not implied.6. Apparatus
38、6.1 Cabinet,3and accessories, fabricated in accordance withthe requirements specified in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. Usegalvanized sheet metal or other suitable metal.6.1.1 Provide a means for suspending the sample holder thatpermits adjustment of its height for positioning the specimenover the burn
39、er. One means of suspending the sample involvesmodifying the hanger for the specimen holder shown in Fig. 1,in such a way that the hanger allows the specimen holder to belowered or raised as required to accommodate the thickness ofthe specimens to be tested.6.2 Burner, equipped with a variable orifi
40、ce to adjust theflame height, a barrel having a 10-mm 38-in. inside diameterand a pilot light (Fig. 4).6.2.1 One method for constructing the burner is to combinea 10-mm 38-in. inside diameter barrel 75 6 6mm3614 in.long from a fixed orifice burner with a base from a variableorifice burner.6.2.2 Use
41、a pilot light tube with an inner diameter ofapproximately 2 mm 116 in. which is spaced 3 mm 18 in.away from the burner edge.6.2.3 Make the necessary gas connections and provide theapplicable plumbing as specified in Fig. 5. Attach either asolenoid or stopcock to the burner. The control valve (stopco
42、ckor solenoid) shall be capable of being fully opened or fullyclosed in 0.1 s.6.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite thepilot light, use a metal rod of approximately 3-mm 18-in.diameter spaced 13 mm 12 in. from the barrel and extendingabove the burner. The rod shall have two 8-mm 51
43、6-in. prongsmarking the distances of 19 mm 34 in. and 38 mm 112 in.above the top of the burner.6.2.5 Fix the burner in a position so that the center of thebarrel of the burner is directly below the center of thespecimen.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System,4with a control valvesystem with a delivery rate
44、designated to furnish gas to theburner under a gage pressure of 17.2 6 1.7 kPa 212 614 psiat the burner inlet. The manufacturers recommended deliveryrate for the valve system shall include the required pressure.3The sole source of supply of the test cabinet known to the committee at thistime is U.S.
45、 Testing Co., 1941 Park Avenue, Hoboken, NJ 07030; or the GovmarkOrganization, Inc. P.O. Box 807, Bellmore, NY 11710. This is the same test cabinetspecified in Test Method D 6413. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comme
46、nts willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1,which you may attend.4The sole sources of supply of the regulator valve system known to thecommittee at this time are Matheson Gas Products, P.O. Box 85, East Rutherford, NJ07073 and Air Products and Chemicals
47、, Inc., P.O. Box 538, Allentown, PA 18105.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.NOTE 1The specimen holder
48、 may be positioned so that the specimenfaces the door.FIG. 1 Test CabinetNOTE 1All dimensions are in inches (1 in. = 25.4 mm).FIG. 2 Cabinet Front and Top DetailF 1358 00 (2005)36.4 Burner Gas, methane, with a minimum purity of 99 %.6.5 Rod, of 6-mm 0.25-in. diameter, at least 152 mm 6in. long, cons
49、tructed of a hard metal.6.6 Timer, stopwatch or other timing device calibrated andgraduated to the nearest 0.1 s.6.7 Ruler, or scale calibrated and graduated to the nearest1.0 mm 116 in.7. Test Specimens7.1 Prepare ten test specimens 75 mm in width by 400 mmin length 3 in. by 16 in. If the material is anisotropic, cut fivespecimens along each axis.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all samples to be tested at a relative humidityof 45 to 70 % and a temperature of 20 to 25C 67 to 77F forat least 24 h prior to t
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