1、Designation: F1358 08F1358 16Standard Test Method forEffects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used inProtective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for FlameResistance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory screening
3、 procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and burningcharacteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection provided bythe clothing.1.1.1 It is more appropriate to evaluate materials used in applications where flame resistance is
4、the primary form of protectionprovided by the clothing by other flammability test methods. This test method shall not be used to evaluate materials in applicationwhere flame resistance is the primary form of protection offered by the protective clothing. Other flammability test methods aremore appro
5、priate for those materials.1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include plasticor elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates, multilayer-material systems, or other protective clothing materials that arenot designate
6、d for offering flame resistance as their primary form of protection.1.2 This test method measures and describesis used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assembliesto heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for
7、fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.4 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be rega
8、rded separately. separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem mayare not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently, without combining values.indepen-dently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5
9、 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docume
10、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of TextilesD4723 Classification Index of and Descriptions of Textile Flammability Test Methods (Withdrawn 2016)3D6413 Test Method for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Vertical Test)F1494 Termi
11、nology Relating to Protective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, related to the combustion of textiles, refer to the terminologycontained in Terminology D4391. For definitions of terms used in this test method, related to protective clothing, refe
12、r to the1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved May 1, 2008March 1, 2016. Published May 2008 April 2016. Originally approved i
13、n 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 asF1358 - 00 (2005).F1358 08. DOI: 10.1520/F1358-08.10.1520/F1358-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer
14、to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the prev
15、ious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM In
16、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1terminology contained in Terminology F1494. For definitions of terms used in this test method, related to textile issues, refer tothe terminology contained in Terminology D123.3.2 afterflame,npersistent
17、flaming of a material after the ignition source has been removed.3.3 after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.3.4 afterglow, na glow in a material after the removal of an external ignition source or after the cessation (
18、natural or induced)of flaming of the material (see also glow).3.5 anisotropic, adjhaving different values for a specific property in different directions.3.5.1 DiscussionWhen this test method is used to evaluate textile-based materials, this term refers to warp (wale) and filling(course) directions.
19、 When this test method is used for nonwoven materials, this term refers to machine and cross-machinedirections.3.6 burning behavior, nall the changes that take place when materials or products are exposed to a specified ignition source.3.7 burn distance, nthe measurement from the bottom edge of the
20、specimen to the farthest point that shows evidence ofdamage due to combustion.3.7.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame impingement of materials used in protective clothing, this measurementapplies to the folded material specimen when pressed flat and includes all areas partially burned, ch
21、arred, embrittled, or melted,but not including areas sooted, stained, distorted, or discolored. Damage due to mechanical delamination or splitting of thespecimen is not included in the burn distance unless the delaminated or split area includes damage due to combustion.3.8 charring, nthe formation o
22、f carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.9 combustion, na chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light eitheras glow or flames.3.10 dripping, nnin testing thermal protective material, a material response evidenc
23、ed by flowing of the polymer.3.10.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame impingement of materials used in protective clothing, dripping may be theformation of liquid droplets from melted surface or substrate material during flame impingement.3.11 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle re
24、sidue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.12 flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlled hot luminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, or both,of constant size and shape that is undergoing combustion as evidenced by a low-intensity heat source of less than
25、1 kW, such asa candle flame or match flame.3.12.1 DiscussionExamples are flames from a match, candle, or bunsen burner. The burner flame in this test method producesrelatively low heat flux and should be constant in size and shape.3.13 flame impingement, ndirect contact between a flame and a materia
26、l.3.13.1 DiscussionIn testing flame impingement of materials used in protective clothing, the flame is of a specified type andduration.3.14 flammability, nthose characteristics of a material that pertain to its ignition and support of combustion.3.14.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame im
27、pingement of materials used in protective clothing, flammability isbased on the relative number of specimens whichthat ignite when exposed to flame either for a period of 3 or 12 s.3.15 glow, nvisible, flameless combustion of the solid phase of a material.3.15.1 DiscussionAlthough a solid may glow,
28、it can also produce combustible discharge that will cause a flame. These twophenomena are not necessarily interdependent.3.16 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.16.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame impingement of material used in protective clothing, ignition is determinedby the
29、presence of after-flame after the removal of the burner flame.3.17 melting, nnin testing thermal protective material, a material response evidenced by softening of the polymer.3.17.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame impingement of materials used in protective clothing, melting may occura
30、t surface layers or in combination with the substrate fabric(s) or other polymer layers. Melting may be observed for protectiveclothing materials which involve a polymer coating or laminate combined with a normally flame-resistant fabric or substrate.3.18 protective clothing, nan item of clothing th
31、at is specifically designed and constructed for the intended purpose ofisolating all or part of the body from a potential hazard; or, isolating the external environment from contamination by the wearerof the clothing.3.18.1 DiscussionIn this test method the potential hazard is flame impingement on p
32、rotective clothing where flame resistanceis not the primary form of protection offered by that clothing.3.19 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.F1358 1623.19.1 DiscussionIn evaluating the effects of flame impingement, these changes in dimension are caused by he
33、at from theflame source.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Aconditioned specimen of a protective clothing material is folded in half and placed in a sample holder with the folded edgesuspended over a gas flame.4.2 The specimen is exposed to the flame for a 3-s interval.4.2.1 If the material ignites during
34、 this exposure, the after-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance of the specimen aremeasured and reported. Any observations of burning behavior are also reported. The test is then terminated.4.3 If the material does not ignite after the first exposure, the same specimen is exposed to the flam
35、e for a 12-s interval. Theafter-flame time, afterglow time, and burn distance of the specimen are measured and reported. Any observations of burningbehavior are also reported.4.4 An alternative procedure is Alternative procedures are provided for conducting the 3-s or 12-s exposureexposures only.5.
36、Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protectiveclothing, where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection designated.5.1.1 Flame resistance is a distinctive property of clothing items de
37、signated for isolating parts of the body from anticipatedflame hazards. It is possible that protective clothing designated for isolation from other hazard,hazards, such as those for chemicalor biological protection, neither have flame resistance nor isolate the wearer from flame hazards. This test m
38、ethod can be used toevaluate the effects of flame impingement on protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary objective of protection.5.1.2 When flame resistance is the primary protection offered by the protective clothing, alternative test methods can be used.A test method that is
39、useful for evaluating flame resistance of textiles is Test Method D6413. Classification Index D4723 containsdescriptions and guidance on other flammability test methods for textiles.5.1.3 This test method is useful to determine the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in
40、 protectiveclothing not designated for flame resistance when the outer material surface is exposed to the flame.As such, it is particularly suitedto protective clothing materials whichthat are composed of different layers such as coated fabrics, laminates, or multilayer clothingsystems.5.2 Alternati
41、ve procedures for conducting either a 3-s or 12-s exposure are provided where one or the other flame applicationexposure times are applied. The choice of either the shorter or longer single exposure time is provided to permit an assessmentof the effects for flame impingement on materials under short
42、 term and long term flame exposure conditions.5.3 Correlation of data from this test method with the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of protective clothing (notdesignated for flame resistance) under actual use conditions is not implied.6. Apparatus6.1 Cabinet,4,5and accessories, fabr
43、icated in accordance with the requirements specified in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3. Usegalvanized sheet metal or other suitable metal.6.1.1 Provide a means for suspending the sample holder that permits adjustment of its height for positioning the specimen overthe burner. One means of suspending the
44、sample involves modifying the hanger for the specimen holder shown in Fig. 1, in sucha way that the hanger allows the specimen holder to be lowered or raised as required to accommodate the thickness of thespecimens to be tested.6.1 Burner, equipped with a variable orifice to adjust the flame height,
45、 a barrel having a 10-mmUse the test apparatus asspecified in Test Method D6413,38-in. inside diameter and a pilot light ( including the test cabinet and accessories, burner, gasregulatorFig. 4). valve system, gas mixture, test specimen holder, specimen holder clamps, laboratory hood, stop watch, me
46、asuringscale, and flame impingement timer.6.2.1 One method for constructing the burner is to combine a 10-mm 38-in. inside diameter barrel 75 6 6 mm 3 6 14 in.long from a fixed orifice burner with a base from a variable orifice burner.NOTE 1Shortening the length of the test specimen holder is one wa
47、y the cabinet does not need to be adjusted for this test method to provide the correctlocation of the folded edge specimen above the flame.6.2.2 Use a pilot light tube with an inner diameter of approximately 2 mm 116 in. which is spaced 3 mm 18 in. away fromthe burner edge.6.2.3 Make the necessary g
48、as connections and provide the applicable plumbing as specified in Fig. 5. Attach either a solenoidor stopcock to the burner. The control valve (stopcock or solenoid) shall be capable of being fully opened or fully closed in 0.1s.F1358 1636.2.4 On the side of the barrel of the burner, opposite the p
49、ilot light, use a metal rod of approximately 3-mm 18-in. diameterspaced 13 mm 12 in. from the barrel and extending above the burner. The rod shall have two 8-mm 516-in. prongs marking thedistances of 19 mm 34 in. and 38 mm 112 in. above the top of the burner.6.2.5 Fix the burner in a position so that the center of the barrel of the burner is directly below the center of the specimen.6.3 Gas Regulator Valve System,5,6with a control valve system with a delivery rate designated to furnish gas to the burner undera gage p
copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库（www.mydoc123.com）网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号：苏ICP备17064731号-1