1、Designation: F 1383 07Standard Test Method forPermeation of Liquids and Gases through ProtectiveClothing Materials under Conditions of Intermittent Contact1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1383; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid an
3、d gaseous chemicals can beexposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. Thedeleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn, tochronic degenerative disease such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not
4、eliminate all possibleexposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the useof protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.This test method is used to measure the resistance to permeation under the condition of intermitten
5、tcontact of the protective clothing material with liquid or gaseous chemicals. Resistance to permeationand penetration under conditions of continuous contact should be determined by Test Methods F 739and F 903, respectively. In certain situations, the permeation of liquids through protective clothin
6、gmaterials can be measured using a permeation cup following Method F 1407. An undesirable changein the physical properties of protective clothing materials is called degradation. Methods formeasuring the degradation of rubbers, plastics, and coated fabrics are found in Test Methods D 471,Test Method
7、 D 543, and Test Method D 751, respectively. A starting point for selecting the chemicalsto be used in assessing the chemical resistance of clothing materials is Guide F 1001.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids andgases through protective clothing materials under the cond
8、itionof intermittent contact.1.2 This test method is designed for use when the challengechemical is a gas or a liquid; where the liquid is either volatile(that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25C)or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact withthe clothing materi
9、al.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific ha
10、zardstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materia
11、lsE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of MaterialsE 171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning andTesting Flexible Barrier MaterialsE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision o
12、f a Test MethodF 739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofContinuous Contact1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
13、eF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1383 - 99a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
14、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F 903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Pen
15、etration by LiquidsF 1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-tective Clothing MaterialsF 1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of ChemicalPermeation Testing of Materials Used in Protective Cloth-ingF 1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical ProtectiveClothing Materials to Liquid Pe
16、rmeationPermeation CupMethodF 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 6529 Protective ClothingDetermination of Resis-tance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation byLiquids and Gases33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analytical technique, na procedure whereby th
17、econcentration of the challenge chemical in a collection mediumis quantitatively determined.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThese procedures are often specific toindividual chemical and collection medium combinations.Applicable techniques can include, but are not limited to flameionization, photo ionization, elec
18、tro-chemical, ultraviolet, andinfrared spectrophotometry, gas and liquid chromatography,colorimetry, length-of-stain detector tubes, and radionuclidetagging/detection counting.3.1.2 breakthrough detection time, nthe elapsed timemeasured from the start of the test to the sampling time thatimmediately
19、 precedes the sampling time at which the challengechemical is first detected. (See Fig. 1.)3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe breakthrough detection time isdependent on the sensitivity of the method. (SeeAppendix X1.)3.1.3 challenge chemical, nthe liquid or gas that is used tochallenge the protective clothing ma
20、terial specimen.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe liquid or gas may be either onecomponent (for example, a neat liquid or gas) or have severalcomponents (for example, a mixture).3.1.4 closed-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in whichthe collection medium volume is fixed.3.1.5 collection medium, na liquid, gas,
21、or solid thatabsorbs, adsorbs, dissolves, suspends, or otherwise captures thechallenge and does not affect the measured permeation.3.1.6 contact time, nin an intermittent contact test, theduration during each cycle that the challenge side chamber ofthe permeation cell is filled with the challenge ch
22、emical.3.1.7 cumulative permeation, nthe total mass of chemicalthat permeates during a specified time from when the materialis first contacted.3.1.7.1 DiscussionQuantification of cumulative perme-ation enables the comparison of permeation behaviors underdifferent intermittent and continuous contact
23、conditions.3.1.8 cycle time, nin an intermittent contact test, theinterval of time from the start of one contact period to the startof the next contact period.3.1.9 minimum detectable mass permeated, nthe smallestmass of test chemical that is detectable with the completepermeation test system.3.1.9.
24、1 DiscussionThis value is not necessarily the sensi-tivity of the analytical instrument.3.1.10 minimum detectable permeation rate, nthe lowestrate of permeation that is measurable with the completepermeation test system.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThis value is not necessarily the sen-sitivity of the analyti
25、cal instrument.3.1.11 open-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in whichfresh collection medium flows continuously through the col-lection chamber of the test cell.3.1.12 penetration, nfor a protective clothing material oritem, the process by which a substance moves through closures,seams, interstices,
26、 and pinholes or other imperfections on anon-molecular level.3.1.13 permeation, nthe process by which a chemicalmoves through a protective clothing material on a molecularlevel.3.1.13.1 DiscussionPermeation involves the following:(1) sorption of molecules of the chemical into the contacted(challenge
27、 side) surface of the material, (2) diffusion of thesorbed molecules in the material, and (3) desorption of themolecules from the opposite (collection side) surface of thematerial.3.1.14 protective clothing material, nany element, con-stituent, or substance from which protective clothing is com-pose
28、d or can be made3.1.15 purge time, nin an intermittent contact test, thetime immediately following the termination of the contact timewhen the challenge chemical is removed from the challengeside chamber and air or nitrogen is blown over the outsidesurface of the protective clothing material.3Availa
29、ble from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.NOTEIn an intermittent contact test, it is possible that the permeationrate will exceed, go below, and then again exceed a permeation rate of 0.1g/cm2/min. If this occurs, the stan
30、dardized breakthrough time is the firstoccurrence of the permeation rate exceeding 0.1 g/cm2/min.FIG. 1 The Breakthrough Detection Time for a Method Sensitivityof 0.05 g/cm2/min is 23 min. The Standardized BreakthroughDetectionTimeis33min.F 1383 0723.1.16 standardized breakthrough time, nthe first t
31、ime atwhich the permeation rate reaches 0.1 g/cm2/min (see Fig. 1).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The permeation of chemical(s) through a protectiveclothing material is assessed by measuring the breakthroughdetection time, standardized breakthrough time, and subse-quent permeation rate through replica
32、te specimens of thematerial intermittently contacted with the chemical.4.2 In the permeation test apparatus, the protective clothingmaterial specimen partitions the challenge chemical from thecollection medium.4.2.1 Contact of the challenge chemical with the clothingmaterials outside surface is made
33、 intermittent by periodicallyadding and removing the test chemical from the challengechamber of the test cell.4.2.2 The collection medium is analyzed quantitatively forits concentration of the challenge chemical and thereby theamount of that chemical that has permeated the barrier as afunction of ti
34、me after its initial contact with the material.4.2.3 By either graphical representation or appropriate cal-culations, or both, the breakthrough detection time, the stan-dardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation ofthe challenge chemical are determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This t
35、est method is used to measure chemical perme-ation through specimens of protective clothing under thecondition of intermittent contact of a challenge chemical withthe specimen. In many applications, protective clothing iscontacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as istested by Test Met
36、hod F 739.5.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flatspecimens from finished items of protective clothing and ofmaterials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves,arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, a
37、nd the like.5.2.2 The phrase specimens from finished items encom-passes seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as theusual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to comparepermeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermit-tent conta
38、ct with those that occur during continuous contact.Test Method F 739 is recommended for measuring permeationunder the conditions of continuous contact of the challengechemical with the clothing specimen.5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized break-through time, and the cumulative permeati
39、on are key measuresof the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to thechallenge chemical. Such information is used in the compari-son of clothing materials during the process of selectingclothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long break-through detection times and standardized
40、 breakthrough timesand low cumulative permeation are characteristics of betterbarriers.NOTE 1At present, no quantitative information exists about accept-able levels of dermal contact. Therefore, the data obtained using this testmethod cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.5.5 The sensitivity
41、of the test method in detecting lowpermeation rates or amounts of the challenge chemical perme-ated is determined by the combination of: (1) the analyticaltechnique and collection system selected, and (2) the ratio ofmaterial specimen area to collection medium volume or flowrate.5.5.1 The analytical
42、 technique employed should be capableof measuring the concentration of the challenge chemical in thecollection medium at, or below, levels consistent with stan-dardized breakthrough time value specified in 3.1.16.5.5.2 Often, permeation tests will require measurement ofthe challenge chemical over se
43、veral orders of magnitude inconcentration, requiring adjustments in either the samplecollection volume or concentration/dilution, or the analyticalinstrument settings over the course of the test.5.5.3 Higher ratios of material specimen area to collectionmedium volume or flow rate permit earlier dete
44、ction ofpermeation because higher concentrations of the challengechemical in the collection medium will develop in a given timeperiod, relative to those that would occur at lower ratios.5.5.4 The sensitivity of an open-loop system is character-ized by its minimum detectable permeation rate. A method
45、 fordetermining this value is presented in Appendix X1.5.5.5 The sensitivity of a closed-loop system is character-ized by its minimum detectable mass permeated.5.6 Comparison of results of tests performed with differentpermeation test systems requires specific information on thetest cell, procedures
46、, contact and purge times, and analyticaltechniques. Results obtained from closed-loop and open-looptesting may not be directly comparable.5.7 A group of chemicals that is recommended for use inpermeation testing is given in Guide F 1001.6. Apparatus6.1 Thickness Gauge, suitable for measuring thickn
47、esses tothe nearest 0.02 mm (or the nearest 0.001 in.), as specified inTest Method D 1777, shall be used to determine the thicknessof each protective clothing material specimen tested.6.2 Analytical Balance, readable and reproducible to 60.5mg shall be used to determine weight per unit area of each
48、testspecimen.6.3 Test CellThe test apparatus consists of a two-chambered cell for contacting the specimen with the challengechemical on the specimens normally outside surface and witha collection medium on the specimens normal inside surface.6.3.1 The test cell4, as shown in Fig. 2, is constructed o
49、f twosections of straight glass pipe, each nominally sized to a 25.4mm (1.0 in.) diameter.5Materials other than glass may be used.Such materials would be required for tests involving chemicals(for example, hydrofluoric acid), which are incompatible withglass. The section that is designated to contain the challengechemical is 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) in length. The second section,which is designated to contain the collection medium, is 32mm (1.2 in.) or less in length.4The test cell as shown in Fig. 2 is available from Pesce Lab Sales, P.O. Box 235,226 Bir
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