1、Designation: F1383 12Standard Test Method forPermeation of Liquids and Gases through ProtectiveClothing Materials under Conditions of Intermittent Contact1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1383; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid and g
3、aseous chemicals can beexposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. Thedeleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn, tochronic degenerative disease such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eli
4、minate all possibleexposures, attention is often placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the useof protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.This test method is used to measure the resistance to permeation under the condition of intermittentco
5、ntact of the protective clothing material with liquid or gaseous chemicals. Resistance to permeationand penetration under conditions of continuous contact should be determined by Test Methods F739and F903, respectively. In certain situations, the permeation of liquids through protective clothingmate
6、rials can be measured using a permeation cup following Method F1407. An undesirable changein the physical properties of protective clothing materials is called degradation. Methods formeasuring the degradation of rubbers, plastics, and coated fabrics are found in Test Methods D471,Test Method D543,
7、and Test Method D751, respectively. A starting point for selecting the chemicalsto be used in assessing the chemical resistance of clothing materials is Guide F1001.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids andgases through protective clothing materials under the conditionof in
8、termittent contact.1.2 This test method is designed for use when the testchemical is a gas or a liquid; where the liquid is either volatile(that is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25C)or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact withthe clothing material.1.3 The valu
9、es stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wit
10、h its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method
11、for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexib
12、le BarrierPackagingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofCon
13、tinuous Contact1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous e
14、dition approved in 2011 as F1383 - 11. DOI:10.1520/F1383-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.C
15、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protec-tive Clothing MaterialsF1194 Gui
16、de for Documenting the Results of ChemicalPermeation Testing of Materials Used in Protective Cloth-ingF1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical ProtectiveClothing Materials to Liquid PermeationPermeationCup MethodF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 6529 Protectiv
17、e ClothingDetermination of Resis-tance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation byLiquids and Gases33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analytical technique, na procedure whereby theconcentration of the test chemical in a collection medium isquantitatively determined.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThese pr
18、ocedures are often specific toindividual chemical and collection medium combinations.Applicable techniques can include, but are not limited to flameionization, photo ionization, electro-chemical, ultraviolet, andinfrared spectrophotometry, gas and liquid chromatography,colorimetry, length-of-stain d
19、etector tubes, and radionuclidetagging/detection counting.3.1.2 breakthrough detection time, nthe elapsed time mea-sured from the initial exposure to the test chemical to thesampling time that immediately precedes the sampling time atwhich the test chemical is first detected. (See Fig. 1.)3.1.2.1 Di
20、scussionThe breakthrough detection time is de-pendent on the sensitivity of the method. (See Appendix X1.)3.1.3 closed-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in whichthere is no change in the volume of the collection mediumexcept for sampling.3.1.4 collection medium, na liquid, gas, or solid thatabsorbs,
21、 adsorbs, dissolves, suspends, or otherwise captures thetest chemical and does not affect the measured permeation.3.1.5 contact time, n in an intermittent contact test, theduration during each cycle that the test chemical side chamberof the permeation cell is filled with the test chemical.3.1.6 cumu
22、lative permeation, nthe total mass of chemicalthat permeates a specific area of protective clothing materialduring a specified time from when the material is firstcontacted by the test chemical.3.1.6.1 DiscussionQuantification of cumulative perme-ation enables the comparison of permeation behaviors
23、underdifferent intermittent and continuous contact conditions.3.1.7 cycle time, nin an intermittent contact test, theinterval of time from the start of one contact period to the startof the next contact period.3.1.8 minimum detectable mass permeated, nthe smallestmass of test chemical that is detect
24、able with the completepermeation test system.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThis value is not necessarily the sensi-tivity of the analytical instrument.3.1.9 minimum detectable permeation rate, nthe lowestrate of permeation that is measurable with the completepermeation test system.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThis value i
25、s not necessarily the sensi-tivity of the analytical instrument.3.1.10 open-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in whichfresh collection medium flows continuously through the col-lection chamber of the test cell.3.1.11 penetration, n for chemical protective clothing, themovement of substances through
26、voids in protective clothingmaterials or items on a non-molecular level.3.1.11.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes, andimperfections in closures, seams, interfaces, and protectiveclothing materials. Penetration does not require a change instate; solid chemicals move through voids in materia
27、ls assolids, liquids as liquids, and gases as gases. Penetration is adistinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.12 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovements of chemicals as molecules through protectiveclothing materials by the processes of: (1) absorption of thechemical int
28、o the contact surface of the materials, (2) diffusionof the absorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3)desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of thematerial.3.1.12.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly differentmechanism from penetration.3.1.13 protective clothing, nitem of cl
29、othing that is spe-cifically designed and constructed for the intended purpose ofisolating all or part of the body from a potential hazard; or,3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.NOTE 1In an intermittent conta
30、ct test, it is possible that the perme-ation rate will exceed, go below, and then again exceed a permeation rateof 0.1 g/cm2/min. If this occurs, the standardized breakthrough time isthe first occurrence of the permeation rate exceeding 0.1 g/cm2/min.FIG. 1 The Breakthrough Detection Time for a Meth
31、od Sensitivityof 0.05 g/cm2/min is 23 min. The Standardized BreakthroughDetectionTimeis33min.F1383 122isolating the external environment from contamination by thewearer of the clothing.3.1.14 purge time, nin an intermittent contact test, thetime immediately following the termination of the contact t
32、imewhen the test chemical is removed from the test chemical sidechamber and air or nitrogen is blown over the outside surfaceof the protective clothing material.3.1.15 standardized breakthrough time, nthe first time atwhich the permeation rate reaches 0.1 g/cm2/min (see Fig. 1).3.1.16 test chemical,
33、 nthe solid, liquid, gas or mixturethereof, used to evaluate the performance of a protectiveclothing material.3.1.16.1 DiscussionThe liquid or gas may be either onecomponent (for example, a neat liquid or gas) or have severalcomponents (for example, a mixture).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The permea
34、tion of chemical(s) through a protectiveclothing material is assessed by measuring the breakthroughdetection time, standardized breakthrough time, and subse-quent permeation rate through replicate specimens of thematerial intermittently contacted with the chemical.4.2 In the permeation test apparatu
35、s, the protective clothingmaterial specimen partitions the test chemical from the collec-tion medium.4.2.1 Contact of the test chemical with the clothing materi-als outside surface is made intermittent by periodically addingand removing the test chemical from the test chemical chamberof the test cel
36、l.4.2.2 The collection medium is analyzed quantitatively forits concentration of the test chemical and thereby the amount ofthat chemical that has permeated the barrier as a function oftime after its initial contact with the material.4.2.3 By either graphical representation or appropriatecalculation
37、s, or both, the breakthrough detection time, thestandardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative perme-ation of the test chemical are determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to measure chemical perme-ation through specimens of protective clothing under thecondition of interm
38、ittent contact of a test chemical with thespecimen. In many applications, protective clothing is con-tacted intermittently to chemicals, not continuously as is testedby Test Method F739.5.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flatspecimens from finished items of protective clothing and ofm
39、aterials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves,arm shields, aprons, suits, hats, boots, respirators, and the like.5.2.2 The phrase specimens from finished items encom-passes seamed or other discontinuous regions as well as the
40、usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to comparepermeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermit-tent contact with those that occur during continuous contact.Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeationunder the conditi
41、ons of continuous contact of the test chemicalwith the clothing specimen.5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized break-through time, and the cumulative permeation are key measuresof the effectiveness of a clothing material as a barrier to the testchemical. Such information is used in the c
42、omparison ofclothing materials during the process of selecting clothing forprotection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough de-tection times and standardized breakthrough times and lowcumulative permeation are characteristics of better barriers.NOTE 1At present, there is limited quantitative i
43、nformation existsabout acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore,the data obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safeexposure levels.5.4.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough timegreater than a specific time period does not mean that nochemical has
44、permeated through the protective clothing mate-rial as the standard breakthrough time is determined based onthe permeation rate reaching a level of 0.1 g/cm2min,indicating that some chemical has already permeated thespecimen prior to the reported standardized breakthrough time.5.4.2 Cumulative perme
45、ation represents the mass that per-meates through a protective clothing material over a specificperiod of time for a specific surface area of material. It ispossible to use this information to model how much chemicalcan enter an item of protective clothing for a particularexposure based on a knowled
46、ge of the exposed surface area,the free volume inside the protective clothing item, and amountof air mixing or air exchange for the protective clothing item.5.5 The sensitivity of the test method in detecting lowpermeation rates or amounts of the test chemical permeated isdetermined by the combinati
47、on of: (1) the analytical techniqueand collection system selected, and (2) the ratio of materialspecimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate.5.5.1 The analytical technique employed should be capableof measuring the concentration of the test chemical in thecollection medium at, or below, le
48、vels consistent with stan-dardized breakthrough time value specified in 3.1.15.5.5.2 Often, permeation tests will require measurement ofthe test chemical over several orders of magnitude inconcentration, requiring adjustments in either the samplecollection volume or concentration/dilution, or the an
49、alyticalinstrument settings over the course of the test.5.5.3 Higher ratios of material specimen area to collectionmedium volume or flow rate permit earlier detection ofpermeation because higher concentrations of the test chemicalin the collection medium will develop in a given time period,relative to those that would occur at lower ratios.5.5.4 The sensitivity of an open-loop system is character-ized by its minimum detectable permeation rate. A method fordetermining this value is presented in Appendix X1.5.5.5 The sensitivity of a closed-loop syst
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