1、Designation: F1417 11a (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forInstallation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer LinesUsing Low-Pressure Air1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice provides procedures for testing non-pressure plastic pipe sewer lines, u
3、sing low-pressure air toprove the integrity of the installed material and the constructionprocedures. Two procedures are included to find the rate of airleakagethe constant-pressure method and the time-pressuredrop method.1.2 This practice is performed on lines after all connectionsand service later
4、als have been plugged and braced adequatelyto withstand the test pressure. The time between completion ofthe backfill operation and low-pressure air testing may bespecified by the approving authority.1.3 This practice is used as a preliminary test, which enablesthe installer to show the condition of
5、 a buried line prior to finalbackfill, paving, and other construction activities.1.4 This practice is applicable to all non-pressure sewerlines made of thermoplastic pipe, reinforced thermosettingresin (RTRP) pipe, and reinforced plastic mortar (RPM) pipe,defined in Terminology D883, D1600, and F412
6、.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, ass
7、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C82
8、8 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of VitrifiedClay Pipe LinesC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test Method (Withdrawn 2013)3D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Di
9、mensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe andFittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:4UNI-B-6 Recommended Practice for Low-Pressu
10、reAir Test-ing of Installed Sewer Pipe3. Summary of Practice3.1 The section of the line to be tested is plugged.Air, at lowpressure, is introduced into the plugged line. The line passesthe test if the rate of air leakage, as measured by a constant-pressure method or a time-pressure drop method. The
11、rate ofair leakage may be determined by using Table 1 or Table 2,orcalculated by use of the equations in Section 9.4. Significance and Use4.1 This low-pressure air testing practice detects damagedpiping or improper jointing by measuring the rate at which airunder pressure escapes from an isolated se
12、ction of sewer.4.2 The rate of air loss indicates the presence or absence ofdamaged piping or leaking joints. This practice is not intendedto show total system water leakage limits and shall not be usedas a quantitative measure of leakage under service conditionsfor infiltration or exfiltration.NOTE
13、 1A finding of acceptable air loss specified in this practice canbe interpreted as an installation acceptance test in lieu of infiltration orexfiltration testing.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F
14、17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F141711a. DOI:10.1520/F1417-11AR15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
15、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, 2711 Lyndon B. JohnsonFreeway, Suite 1000, Dal
16、las, TX 75234, http:/www.uni-bell.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 This practice provides assurance of initial condition andquality of workmanship
17、 of properly-installed sewer pipe.5. Apparatus5.1 PlugsMechanical or pneumatic type.5.2 Air CompressorA properly calibrated portable, oil-free air source with a singular control panel containing a mainshut-off valve, pressure-regulating valve, 9-psig pressure-reliefvalve, input pressure gauge, and a
18、 continuous monitoringpressure gauge having a pressure range from 0 psi to at least 10psi with minimum divisions of 0.10 psi and an accuracy of60.04 psi.5.3 Rotameter, standard CFM reading with an accuracy of62%.5.4 Time Measuring EquipmentA stopwatch or watchwith a second hand or digital readout in
19、 minutes and secondswith an accuracy of 0.1.s.6. Safety Precautions6.1 This low-pressure air testing practice may be dangerousto personnel if, through lack of understanding or carelessness,a line is over-pressurized or plugs/caps are installed or re-strained improperly. It is extremely important tha
20、t the variousplugs be properly installed, restrained and braced to prevent thesudden expulsion of a poorly installed or partially inflated plug.Observe the following minimum safety precautions:6.1.1 During testing, no one shall be allowed in manholes orin the possible path of a suddenly expelled cap
21、 or plug.6.1.2 Install and restrain all caps and plugs securely.TABLE 1 Minimum Time for a 1.0-psig Pressure Drop for Size and Length of Pipe for Q = 0.0015NOTE 1See Practice UNI-B-6.NOTE 2Consult with pipe and appurtenance manufacturer for maximum test pressure for pipe size greater than 30 in. in
22、diameter.PipeDiameter,in.MinimumTime,min:sLengthforMinimumTime, ftTime forLongerLength, sSpecification Time for Length (L) Shown, min:s100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft 450 ft4 3:46 597 0.380 L 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:46 3:466 5:40 398 0.854 L 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:40 5:4
23、2 6:248 7:34 298 1.520 L 7:34 7:34 7:34 7:34 7:36 8:52 10:08 11:2410 9:26 239 2.374 L 9:26 9:26 9:26 9:53 11:52 13:51 15:49 17:4812 11:20 199 3.418 L 11:20 11:20 11:24 14:15 17:05 19:56 22:47 25:3815 14:10 159 5.342 L 14:10 14:10 17:48 22:15 26:42 31:09 35:36 40:0418 17:00 133 7.692 L 17:00 19:13 25
24、:38 32:03 38:27 44:52 51:16 57:4121 19:50 114 10.470 L 19:50 26:10 34:54 43:37 52:21 61:00 69:48 78:3124 22:40 99 13.674 L 22:47 34:11 45:34 56:58 68:22 79:46 91:10 102:3327 25:30 88 17.306 L 28:51 43:16 57:41 72:07 86:32 100:57 115:22 129:4830 28:20 80 21.366 L 35:37 53:25 71:13 89:02 106:50 124:38
25、 142:26 160:1533 31:10 72 25.852 L 43:05 64:38 86:10 107:43 129:16 150:43 172:21 193:5336 34:00 66 30.768 L 51:17 76:55 102:34 128:12 153:50 179:29 205:07 230:4642 39:48 57 41.883 L 69:48 104:42 139:37 174:30 209:24 244:19 279:13 314:0748 45:34 50 54.705 L 91:10 136:45 182:21 227:55 273:31 319:06 36
26、4:42 410:1754 51:02 44 69.236 L 115:24 173:05 230:47 288:29 346:11 403:53 461:34 519:1660 56:40 40 85.476 L 142:28 213:41 284:55 356:09 427:23 498:37 569:50 641:04TABLE 2 Minimum Time for a 0.5-psig Pressure Drop for Size and Length of Pipe for Q = 0.0015NOTE 1Consult with pipe and appurtenance manu
27、facturer for maximum test pressure for pipe size greater than 30 in. in diameter.PipeDiameter,in.MinimumTime,min:sLengthforMinimumTime, ftTime forLongerLength, sSpecification Time for Length (L) Shown, min:s100 ft 150 ft 200 ft 250 ft 300 ft 350 ft 400 ft 450 ft4 1:53 597 0.190 L 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:53
28、 1:53 1:53 1:53 1:536 2:50 398 0.427 L 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:50 2:51 3:128 3:47 298 0.760 L 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:47 3:48 4:26 5:04 5:4210 4:43 239 1.187 L 4:43 4:43 4:43 4:57 5:56 6:55 7:54 8:5412 5:40 199 1.709 L 5:40 5:40 5:42 7:08 8:33 9:58 11:24 12:5015 7:05 159 2.671 L 7:05 7:05 8:54 11:08 13:
29、21 15:35 17:48 20:0218 8:30 133 3.846 L 8:30 9:37 12:49 16:01 19:14 22:26 25:38 28:5121 9:55 114 5.235 L 9:55 13:05 17:27 21:49 26:11 30:32 34:54 39:1624 11:20 99 6.837 L 11:24 17:57 22:48 28:30 34:11 39:53 45:35 51:1727 12:45 88 8.653 L 14:25 21:38 28:51 36:04 43:16 50:30 57:42 64:5430 14:10 80 10.
30、683 L 17:48 26:43 35:37 44:31 53:25 62:19 71:13 80:0733 15:35 72 12.926 L 21:33 32:19 43:56 53:52 64:38 75:24 86:10 96:5736 17:00 66 15.384 L 25:39 38:28 51:17 64:06 76:55 89:44 102:34 115:2342 19:54 57 20.942 L 34:54 52:21 69:49 87:15 104:42 122:10 139:37 157:0448 22:47 50 27.352 L 45:35 68:23 91:1
31、1 113:58 136:46 159:33 182:21 205:0954 25:31 44 34.618 L 57:42 86:33 115:24 144:15 173:05 201:56 230:47 259:3860 28:20 40 42.738 L 71:14 106:51 142:28 178:05 213:41 249:18 284:55 320:32F1417 11a (2015)26.1.3 When lines are tested, it is mandatory that all the capsand plugs shall be braced as an adde
32、d safety factor.6.1.4 Do not over-pressurize the lines. Do not exceed 9.0psig.NOTE 2The axial force on a plug at 9 psig internal pressure isF=P D2/4 lb, where D is the inside diameter in inches. For example, the axialforce on an 30-in. plug at 9.0 psig maximum allowable pressure is over6 300 lb. Res
33、traint systems must be designed to handle these forces withadequate safety factors. Every effort should be made to maintain backfillover the pipe during air testing.6.1.5 Aregulator or relief valve set no higher than 9 psi shallbe included on all pressurizing equipment.7. Preparation of the Line7.1
34、Clean the section of sewer line to be tested by flushingor other means prior to conducting the low-pressure air test.This cleaning serves to eliminate debris and produce consistentresults.8. Procedures8.1 Isolate the section of sewer line to be tested by inflatablestoppers or other suitable test plu
35、gs or caps.8.1.1 The ends of all branches, laterals, tees, wyes, and stubsincluded in the test section shall be plugged or capped toprevent air leakage.All plugs and caps shall be securely bracedto prevent blow-out. One of the plugs or caps shall have aninlet tap, or other provision for connecting a
36、n air hose to aportable air control source.8.1.2 Connect the air hose to the inlet tap and to the portableair source and control equipment. The air equipment shallconsist of necessary valves and pressure gages to control anoil-free air source, to control the rate at which air flows into thetest sect
37、ion, and to enable monitoring of the air pressure withinthe test section.8.1.3 Add air slowly to the test section until the pressureinside the test section reaches 4.0 psig.8.1.4 After the pressure of 4.0 psig is obtained, regulate theair supply so that the pressure is maintained between 3.5 to 4.0p
38、sig for at least 2 min. Depending on air/ground temperatureconditions, the internal air temperature will stabilize in equi-librium with the temperature of the pipe walls. The pressurewill normally drop slightly until equilibrium is obtained;however, a minimum of 3.5 psig is required.8.2 After equili
39、brium is obtained, determine the rate of airloss by either the constant pressure method or the time-pressuredrop method.NOTE 3All test pressures are measured as gauge pressure, which isany pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Since water produces apressure of 0.43 psi for every foot of depth,
40、 air test pressures must beincreased to offset the depth of ground water over the sewer line. If theground water level is 2 ft or more above the top of the pipe at the upstreamend, or if the air pressure required for the test is greater than 9-psi gauge,this air testing practice should not be used.
41、Before this air testing practiceis used, the ground water level should be lowered by pumping ordewatering.8.2.1 Constant Pressure MethodAdd air until the internalair pressure of the test section is raised to 4.0 psig and the testsection is stabilized as in 8.1. Reduce pressure to 3.5 psig torun the
42、constant pressure test. The air-flow rate in standardcubic feet per minute is read directly by a rotameter. Convertthis air-flow rate to actual cubic feet per minute of air leakingfrom the test section by using the absolute pressure andtemperature in the test section. The requirements for air lossun
43、der the constant pressure method shall be considered satis-fied if the air loss does not exceed the specified leakage rate incubic feet per minute per square foot of internal pipe surfacearea.8.2.2 Time-Pressure Drop MethodAir is slowly intro-duced into the test section, until the air pressure is ra
44、ised toapproximately 4.0 psi and the test section is stabilized as in 8.1.Disconnect the air supply and decrease the pressure to 3.5 psibefore starting the test. Determine pressure drap time per8.2.2.1 and 8.2.2.2.8.2.2.1 1.0 psig pressure dropDetermine the time requiredfor the pressure to drop from
45、 3.5 psi to 2.5 psi, and comparethis interval to the minimum time for the pipe diameter and thelength per Table 1. If the rate of air loss is greater than or equalto the minimum time for the pipe diameter and length per Table1, the installation is acceptable.8.2.2.2 0.5 psig pressure dropDetermine t
46、he time requiredfor the pressure to drop from 3.5 psi to 3.0 psi, and comparethis interval to the minimum time for the pipe diameter andlength per Table 2. If the rate of air loss is greater than or equalto the minimum time for the pipe diameter and length per Table2, the installation is acceptable.
47、NOTE 4The time-pressure drop method assumes an atmosphericpressure of 14.7 psia. Locations of high altitude need compensation forvariation in atmospheric pressure to maintain the same air leakage testcriteria.8.3 Upon completion of the test, open the bleeder valve andallow all air to escape. Caps an
48、d plugs shall not be removeduntil all air pressure in the test section has been reduced toatmospheric pressure.9. Test Time Calculations9.1 Test Time CriteriaNo test section shall be accepted ifair loss is more than a specified leakage rate (in cubic feet perminute per square foot) determined by the
49、 approving authority.9.2 Calculate all test times by the following equation:T 5 0.085 DK/Qwhere:T = shortest time allowed for the air pressure to drop 1.0psig, s,K = 0.000419 DL but not less than 1.0,Q = leak rate in cubic feet/minute/square feet of internalsurface = 0.0015 CFM/SF,D = measured average inside diameter of sewer pipe (seeTest Method D2122 and Practice D3567), in., andL = length of test section, ft.Table 1 contains the specified minimum times required for a1.00-psig pressure drop from a starting pressure of 3.5 psig toa final pressure of 2.5 psig using
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