1、Designation: F1429 99 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Test Method forAssembly Force of Plastic Underground Conduit Joints ThatUse Flexible Elastomeric Seals Located in the Bell1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1429; the number immediately following the des
2、ignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the d
3、etermination of the relativeforce required to assemble plastic underground conduit jointsthat use flexible elastomeric seals located in the bell.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are p
4、rovided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-b
5、ility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 assembly forcethe peak force o
6、r effort required toinsert the spigot into the belled end for gasketed conduitjoining systems.3.1.2 chart recordera device that records on paper (orsimilar permanent medium) the readings obtained by a physicaltesting machine, such as a compression tester. The chartrecorder receives input from the te
7、sting machine in the form ofelectrical signals that are proportional to the test readings.3.1.3 gasketed conduit joining systema push-on conduitjoining system (see joint, push-on in Terminology F412) withthe following three manufacturer-specified components thatinfluence joint assembly force: (1) th
8、e elastomeric seal, (2) thechamfer on the spigot, and (3) the joint lubricant. This systemis as supplied or recommended by the conduit manufacturer.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of eight gasketed conduit bells of the samenominal diameter are prepared from typical production stock ofthe condu
9、it manufacturer. An aluminum spigot mandrel madeto the specifications of Annex A1 for the conduit size beingtested is inserted into each of the eight gasketed conduit bellspecimens by means of a compression tester and the jointsystem assembly force is recorded for each specimen. Themean and standard
10、 deviation of the sample of eight recordedassembly forces is then calculated and recorded.4.2 Any variation in the type of gasket, spigot chamfer, orjoint lubricant specified by the manufacturer constitutes achange in the gasketed conduit joining system and requires thata new sample of eight specime
11、ns be tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 The assembly force of a conduit joining system is onemeasure of the ease of which the conduit system can beassembled and installed in the field. This test method providesa means by which to quantify the assembly force of gasketedconduit joining systems. The re
12、sults of the testing can be usedto compare and categorize the assembly force of differentdesigns of gasketed conduit joining systems.5.2 This test method is not intended for use as a qualitycontrol test.5.3 This test method can be used for comparison of gasketedconduit joining systems on the basis o
13、f assembly force. Noinformation about joint sealing performance can be obtainedfrom the use of this test method.5.4 This test method covers all plastic conduit with push-onjoints that use flexible elastomeric gaskets located in the bell toprovide the joint seal.5.5 This test method is also applicabl
14、e to all fittings that arefabricated from conduit covered in 5.4 and that utilize the sametype of push-on joints as the conduit covered in 5.4, and thatare intended for use with the conduit types described in 5.4. For1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping
15、Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1429 99(2009).DOI: 10.1520/F1429-99R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
16、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St
17、ates1purposes of this test method, assembly force data obtainedfrom the testing of the conduit that is the parent stock of afitting shall apply to the fitting also.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineA properly calibrated compressiontesting machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead movementtype meeting t
18、he requirements of Testing Method D695 shallbe used to make the tests. The compression tester shall becapable of a compression rate of 20 6 0.5 in./min (500 6 12.7mm/min). The compression tester shall be equipped with achart recorder that is capable of recording compression forceversus time or posit
19、ion.6.2 Spigot MandrelsSpigot mandrels shall be constructedto mount rigidly to the compression tester. The mandrels shallconform to the dimensions and specifications shown in AnnexA1.6.3 Joint LubricantJoint lubricant shall be used prior tothe assembly of the conduit joints. It shall be as specified
20、 orsupplied by the conduit manufacturer, or both.7. Test Specimens7.1 Specimens shall be comprised of a conduit bell with anelastomeric seal.7.2 Specimens shall have no less than 1 in. (25 mm) and nomore than 3 in. (76 mm) of nominal conduit diameter extend-ing past the bottom of the bell shoulder (
21、see Fig. 1).7.3 The bottom of each specimen (spigot end) shall be cutperpendicular to the axis of the bell barrel within 61 (see Fig.1).7.4 Bell dimensions and specifications shall be determinedby the bell manufacturer, but the specimens shall be represen-tative of normal and customary production by
22、 the manufac-turer.7.5 Test specimens can have any standard wall thickness. Itis not necessary to test more than one wall thickness pernominal conduit size.7.6 Number of Test SpecimensThere shall be eight speci-mens to be tested for each design of gasketed conduit joiningsystem and nominal conduit s
23、ize.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition specimens, spigot mandrels, and joint lubri-cant for at least 8 h in air at a temperature of 73 6 7F (23 64C) prior to testing. Begin testing immediately after condi-tioning period.8.2 Conduct the testing in a room maintained at the condi-tioning temperature.9. Proce
24、dure9.1 Select eight bell specimens of the same nominal sizewhich have been prepared and conditioned according toSections 7 and 8 of this test method.9.2 Mark the specimens with consecutive numbers, startingwith “1” and ending with “8.”9.3 Rigidly mount the proper spigot mandrel for the nomi-nal siz
25、e of conduit being tested to the compression tester.9.4 Mark specimen number and type on chart recorder paperto identify the force tracing that will be recorded.9.5 Position compression arms of the compression tester toprovide a gap between the spigot mandrel and the bellspecimen such that access to
26、 the spigot mandrel and bellspecimen is easily achieved.9.6 Stir the joint lubricant to remix any separation that mayhave occurred.9.7 Using a paint brush or sponge, apply the joint lubricantto the gasket and spigot mandrel. Make sure to cover the entirecontact surface of the gasket and halfway to t
27、he depth-of-insertion line on the spigot mandrel, leaving no dry spots. Alsobe sure that the entire surface of the chamfer on the spigotmandrel is covered.NOTE 1As a guide, the approximate thickness of the lubricant filmshould be between132 in. (0.8 mm) and116 in. (1.6 mm).9.8 Position the bell spec
28、imen on the compression testerwith the bell entrance pointing towards the spigot mandrel.9.9 Using the compression tester controls, slowly close thedistance between the spigot mandrel and bell specimen untilthe spigot mandrel is approximately14 in. (6.4 mm) from theentrance of the bell specimen.9.10
29、 Manipulate the position of the bell specimen whileslowly bringing the spigot mandrel and the bell specimentogether such that the spigot mandrel enters the lip of the bell.Stop when about14 in. (6.4 mm) of the spigot mandrel is insidethe bell.9.11 Set the rate of compression on the compression teste
30、rto 20 in./min (500 mm/min).9.12 Arrange the controls of compression tester such thatthe compression travel stops before the spigot mandrel bottomsout in the bell specimen.9.13 Activate the compression and chart recorder simulta-neously.FIG. 1 Bell Specimen PreparationF1429 99 (2014)29.14 When compr
31、ession stops (see 9.12), deactivate thechart recorder and return the compression tester to a position atwhich the bell specimen can be withdrawn from the spigotmandrel.NOTE 2If the bell specimen is difficult to remove from the spigotmandrel, it may be necessary to mechanically restrain the bell spec
32、imenand allow the compression tester to withdraw the spigot mandrel from thebell specimen when the compression tester is retracted.9.15 Remove the bell specimen.9.16 Clean the lubricant from the spigot mandrel in prepa-ration for the next test specimen.9.17 Repeat 9.4 through 9.16 until all eight sp
33、ecimens havebeen tested.9.18 From the chart recorder tracings, find and record themaximum force encountered during joint assembly for each ofthe eight specimens tested. See X1for an example of a chartrecorder tracing.9.19 If other sizes of conduit are to be tested, repeat 9.1through 9.18.10. Calcula
34、tion10.1 Express the results of the tests of the eight specimensin terms of a sample mean and sample standard deviation inaccordance with the following:10.1.1 Calculate the sample mean of the sample peakassembly force results as follows:x 5(i51nxin(1)where:x = mean of sample of eight peak assembly f
35、orce readings,xi= individual value of peak assembly force from specimen“i” in sample, andn = number of specimens in sample (eight in this case).10.1.2 Calculate the standard deviation of the sample peakassembly force results as follows:s 5!(i51nxi2 x!2n 2 1(2)where:s = standard deviation of sample o
36、f eight peak assemblyforce readings,xi= individual value of peak assembly force from specimen“c” in sample,x = mean of sample of assembly force readings (calculatedin 10.1.1), andn = number of specimens in sample (eight in this case).11. Report11.1 A test report will be generated for each group of e
37、ightspecimens tested.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 The chart recorder assembly force tracings,11.2.2 The peak assembly force sample mean and standarddeviation calculated in Section 10,11.2.3 Identification of the bell specimens tested, includingnominal size, type of conduit, material
38、of manufacture, typeand source of gasket, and name of bell specimen manufacturer,11.2.4 Identification of the joint lubricant used, includingname of the lubricant manufacturer and the model number, ifappropriate,11.2.5 Manufacturing drawings of the spigot mandrel usedin the test, including the spigo
39、t chamfer specifications,11.2.6 Date(s) of testing,11.2.7 Location of testing,11.2.8 Name(s) of personnel conducting the test, and11.2.9 Comments, if appropriate.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionWork is in progress to develop precisiondata. This work is in the form of interlaboratory testing.12.2
40、 BiasBias is a systematic error which contributes tothe difference between a test result and a true (or reference)value. There are no recognized standards on which to base anestimate of bias for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 assembly force; compression tester; elastomeric seal;gasketed conduit;
41、spigot mandrelF1429 99 (2014)3ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. SPIGOT MANDREL SPECIFICATIONSA1.1 Fig. A1.1 shows spigot mandrel specifications.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE OF TYPICAL JOINT ASSEMBLY FORCE TEST RESULTX1.1 The graph in Fig. X1.1 is an example of a force versustime plot
42、during an assembly of a gasketed pipe or conduitjoint. In this example, force is expressed in terms of percent offull scale and time is read from right to left.X1.2 The significant“ events” on the force versus time plothave been labeled with the letters“ A” through “E.” Thefollowing explains what is
43、 happening at these points:X1.2.1 AThis shows the spigot mandrel beginning itstravel and before it has reached the gasket.X1.2.2 BThis shows the peak force generated as themandrel compresses the gasket primary seal.X1.2.3 CThis shows another force generated as the man-drel compresses a gasket protru
44、sion located behind the primaryseal.X1.2.4 DThis shows a force drop-off when the mandreltravel is halted at the preset stop position.X1.2.5 EThis shows the pen returning to the zero forceposition to be ready for the next test.X1.3 This graph is only an example. There is a wide varietyof shapes that
45、assembly force tracings can assume, dependingon the type of gasket tested. Regardless of the shape of thetracing, the peak force (event “B” in this case) is what shouldbe recorded for purposes of this test method.FIG. A1.1 Spigot Mandrel SpecificationsF1429 99 (2014)4ASTM International takes no posi
46、tion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibili
47、ty.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AST
48、M International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
49、shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/w
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