1、Designation: F1449 08 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forIndustrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal, and Arc ResistantClothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the care andmaintenance of clothing that is flame, thermal, and ar
3、c resis-tant.1.2 These recommendations address the Industrial Launder-ing process.NOTE 1The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) recommends leaving clothing soiled with hazardous chemicalsat work to be laundered by the employer; or if such clothing is washed athome, to launde
4、r separately from the family wash.1.2.1 This guide does not apply to dry cleaning of flame,thermal, and arc resistant clothing. For more information ondry cleaning, follow label instructions or contact your garmentsupplier.NOTE 2Dry cleaning indicates cleaning by a professional dry cleaner.1.2.2 Thi
5、s guide does not apply to home laundering offlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing. For more informa-tion on home laundering, follow label instructions or contactyour garment supplier.NOTE 3Home laundering indicates laundering in a home launderingmachine.1.3 It is important that potentially flam
6、mable contaminantsare removed from garments during the wash process. Ifflammable contaminants are not removed, the flame resistanceof the garment will be compromised. (See Note 1.)NOTE 4Effective cleaning and proper maintenance of the protectivecharacteristics of flame, thermal and arc resistant pro
7、tective clothingshould include consideration of the services a professional processor cansupply.1.4 It is important that the processes and materials used tolaunder flame resistant garments are compatible with the FRmaterials to ensure that the FR protection of the garment is notcompromised during th
8、e laundering process.1.5 It is the responsibility of the end user to determine iftheir laundering method is the appropriate care and mainte-nance procedure for their application. (See Appendix X1 andX1.1.)1.6 This guide does not apply to specialized protectivegarments such as specialized firefighter
9、 turnout gear andproximity firefighter ensembles.1.7 This guide also identifies inspection criteria that aresignificant to the performance of flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesF1494 Terminology Relating to Protec
10、tive Clothing2.2 Other References:Textile Laundering Technology Handbook -2005 Edition byDr. Charles Riggs, Ph.D. and Michael KlipperNIOSH, Protecting Workers Families, A Research AgendaReport of the Workers Family Protection Task Force February, 20023. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 care and main
11、tenance, neffective cleaning to re-move soil and maximize use life of garments while maintaining(not removing) protective properties and procedures forinspection, repair, and removal from service.3.1.2 end user, nthe entity or organization whose employ-ees ultimately wear the flame, thermal, and arc
12、 resistantclothing.3.1.3 finish, na chemical or mechanical modification, orboth, of the fabric for a specific performance result.3.1.4 finishing technique, nthe mechanical means bywhich the garment is put in its final state (for example,pressing, drying, tunneling).1This guide is under the jurisdict
13、ion of ASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1449 08. DOI: 10.1520/
14、F1449-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
15、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 laundry wash formula, nthe details related toprocedures, cycle times, temperatures, and chemicals used inthe laundering process.3.1.6 processing launderer (processor), nthe party per-forming the operation of cleaning or repairing
16、, or both of theflame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing.3.1.7 soil, nforeign substances that may be on garments,which are not part of the garment construction or materials.3.1.8 soil level, nthe amount of soil on a garment (verylight, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy) are subjectivecategories
17、 of soil levels commonly used in the laundry indus-try; the definition of each category depends on the soils, fabrictype, garment construction, and fabric release properties.(Refer to “The Textile Laundering Technology Handbook” inSection 2. Referenced Documents)4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide pro
18、vides guidelines for use by suppliers ofthe flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing (including thefabric and fibers used in its construction), processors, and endusers to effectively care for and maintain flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing. The guidelines include:4.1.1 A listing of element
19、s to consider when developingwash procedures and formulas for processor(s).4.1.2 Recommendations for removing flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing from service.4.1.3 Recommendations for the repair, modification and fitof flame, thermal and arc resistant clothing.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
20、guide identifies the responsibilities of the fiber,fabric, and clothing manufacturers, as well as the processor, theprocessors chemical supplier and the end user.5.2 This guide describes the key components involved in aprogram for the care and maintenance of flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing
21、.5.3 The guidelines in this standard will provide a processorassistance to develop a processing system that maintains theflame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristics of the clothingduring its useful service life.5.3.1 The development of published formulas for eachfabric and level of soiling is
22、difficult at any given point in timedue to ongoing continuous improvement of flame, thermal andarc resistant clothing, including new fibers, fabrics, and laun-dering equipment and procedures.5.4 The guide also provides suggestions as to when flame,thermal, and arc resistant garments should be remove
23、d fromservice.6. Procedure6.1 Garment manufacturers, in consultation with fiber andfabric suppliers, are responsible for providing information onthe performance characteristics and maintenance needs of theirgarments. The end-user is responsible for understanding thehazards present in the workplace a
24、nd selecting appropriateengineering controls and protective equipment and garments toaddress those hazards.6.2 The processor should sort flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing by fiber, fabric, finish, and soil level inconsultation with the chemical supplier, and wash separatelyfrom all other clo
25、thing.6.3 The processor, in consultation with the chemicalsupplier, should develop loading plans and wash formulas toremove soils, while maintaining the flame and thermal protec-tive characteristics of the garments.6.3.1 Laundry wash formulas should be developed by theprocessor and wash chemical sup
26、plier in collaboration with theclothing and fabric manufacturers based on the followingcriteria:(1) Washing Machine Type and VolumeMachine Loading FactorMechanical ActionExtractionCycle Times(2) Product Classifications and Material Construction(3) Soil types and soil level(4) Sorting(5) Wash Room Ch
27、emistryWater TemperatureWater HardnessDetergent Make-upAdditives(6) Finishing ProcessType Finishing-Drying, Pressing, TunnelingMoisture RetentionFinishing TemperatureFinishing Time(7) Special Instructions prohibiting laundering (forexample, “Dry Clean Only” or “Do Not Wash”.6.3.2 Based on the preced
28、ing criteria, some or all of thefollowing processes may be included in the wash formula:6.3.2.1 FlushA high-level bath for a short period of timeprior to the break. Flushes generally are used for conditioningtextiles before subsequent baths and for removing loose soils.6.3.2.2 Break (Break Suds)The
29、first wash chemical bath.In light and medium-soil formulas, all of the surfactant/detergent and alkali to be used in the entire formula is generallyadded to the washer in the break bath.6.3.2.3 SudsA bath occurring between the break andensuing steps. Suds baths are carried out at low water levels,us
30、ually with hot or warm water. If alkali or detergent isntadded on these additional suds baths, they are referred to ascarryover.6.3.2.4 Carryover (Carryover Suds)A cleaning step in alaundry formula in which no supplies are added, but suppliespreviously added are retained for use.6.3.2.5 RinseHigh wa
31、ter-level bath or baths following thecarryover and preceding the sour or finishing bath. Duringrinsing the final portions of loosened soils are removed alongwith the bulk of the washing compounds used in laundering.Rinses are used to cool down the wash load. Except forantichlors, chemicals are usual
32、ly not added to rinse.6.3.2.6 Sour BathNormally the final bath in the launder-ing process. The purpose for the sour (or acid) bath is toF1449 08 (2015)2neutralize the alkalinity of the water in the textiles beforeremoving them from the machine for finishing.6.4 Load SizeSince proper loading of the w
33、asher isessential to effective processing of flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing, appropriate consideration of load size shouldbe made by the processor in coordination with the machinemanufacturer and the processors chemical supplier.6.5 Removal from ServiceFor most practical purposes,garments
34、 may be temporarily or permanently removed fromservice for reasons as determined by inspection based onsubjective evaluation and advice by the processor. Ultimately,determination of when flame, thermal and arc resistant clothingshould be removed from service is the responsibility of the enduser.6.5.
35、1 The following items, identifiable by visualexamination, diminish the effectiveness of the flame, thermal,and arc resistant clothing. Other issues may also have sucheffects.6.5.1.1 Worn OutThin spots, holes, excessive wear atedges6.5.1.2 Mechanical DamageEvidence of cuts, rips, tears,open seams, an
36、d nonfunctional closures6.5.1.3 RepairsTears, holes, open seams, lost buttons orsnaps are types of repairs. Each processor determines if thenumber or size of the repairs, or both, are acceptable to agarment before removing the garment from service.6.5.1.4 ModificationsAlteration(s) to a garment that
37、 dif-fers significantly from the original design.6.5.1.5 FitThe flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothingno longer fits the wearer; a garment may be assigned to anotherwearer if it meets all appropriate usability requirements.6.5.1.6 Flammable SubstancesGarments soiled by sub-stances that represent
38、 a flammability risk, such as solvents,solids, oils and other petroleum products that cannot beproperly cleaned; the presence of a petroleum or chemical odorcan be evidence of a flammable substance.6.6 RepairsRepairs of flame, thermal and arc resistantclothing shall be made using fabrics and compone
39、nts that areequivalent to those used in the original manufacturing. Prop-erly repaired garments may be returned to service in a FRclothing program.6.7 ModificationsFlame, thermal and arc resistant cloth-ing shall be modified using fabrics and components that areequivalent to those used in manufactur
40、ing. Altered garmentsthat differ significantly from original design or function shouldnot be worn.6.8 FitThe fit of flame, thermal and arc resistant clothingsignificantly impacts its protective performance. Garmentsshould fit comfortably and loosely without compromising othersafety considerations. G
41、arments that fit improperly should notbe worn.6.9 Permanent Removal from ServiceGarments that haveunrepairable damage, are worn out, or are unusable for othersafety reasons, are not to be reused.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.1 The individual(s) providing the laundering should beadequately inf
42、ormed of the proper cleaning processes neededto ensure the flame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristics ofprotective clothing are maintained. Normally such advice isprovided by the chemical supplier, however additionally thegarment manufacturer and fabric supplier may have usefulinformation to
43、pass on. For example, if chlorine bleach is usedin laundering, some types of FR clothing can be compromised.X1.2 Some potentially flammable materials such assolvents, oil, and other petroleum products may not be re-moved by home laundering, industrial laundering, or drycleaning. When this occurs, us
44、e multiple or a combination ofprocesses, such as dry cleaning followed by laundering whichmay assist in removing the flammable substances.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this st
45、andard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years a
46、ndif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,
47、 which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
48、59,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2015)3
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