1、Designation: F1459 06 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Susceptibility of Metallic Materials toHydrogen Gas Embrittlement (HGE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1459; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the susceptibilit
3、y of metallic materials to hydrogen em-brittlement, when exposed to high pressure gaseous hydrogen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
4、any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness o
5、fMaterials3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A thin disk metallic specimen is subjected to an increas-ing gas pressure at constant rate until failure (bursting orcracking of the disk). The embrittlement of the material can beevaluated by comparing the rupture pressures of identical diskspecimens in hydrog
6、en (PH2) and in a reference inert gas suchas helium (PHe) (1, 2).23.2 The ratio PHe/PH2can be used to evaluate the suscepti-bility of the metallic material to gaseous hydrogen embrittle-ment. The ratio is dependent on the pressurization rate. A ratioof 1 or less indicates the material is not suscept
7、ible to hydrogenembrittlement. A ratio greater than 1 indicates that the materialis susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement and the susceptibilityincreases as the ratio increases.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method will provide a guide for the choice ofmetallic materials for applications in hi
8、gh pressure hydrogengas.4.2 The value of the PHe/PH2ratio will be a relativeindication of the severity of degradation of the mechanicalproperties to be expected in hydrogen.5. Apparatus5.1 A basic test system shall consist of the following items:5.1.1 Test Cell, consists of two flanges as shown sche
9、mati-cally in Fig. 1.5.1.1.1 The test cell shall befabricated from materials suchas 316 stainless steel in the annealed condition that are notsusceptible to HGE (3, 4).5.1.1.2 The seals shall be elastomer O-rings for heliumtesting and hydrogen testing at rates of 10 bar/min (145psig/min) or higher.
10、For hydrogen tests at a lower rate, indiumO-rings shall be used.5.1.1.3 An evaluation port (Item 1 in Fig. 1) on the lowerflange is used to check gas purity and adjust pressurization rate.5.1.2 The test cell is pressurized with hydrogen or heliumthrough a pneumatic system. Fig. 2 schematically illus
11、trates thepneumatic system.5.1.2.1 The pressurization rate shall be adjustable in thesystem. A throttle valve is used to adjust the pressurization ratein Fig. 2.6. Gases6.1 Helium, purity 99.995 minimum, 6000-psig (41 400-kPa) or higher pressure source.6.2 Hydrogen, purity 99.995 minimum, 6000-psig
12、(41 400-kPa) or higher pressure source.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Fifteen (15) specimens with identical dimensions andtemper conditions shall be prepared for each test program. Six(6) specimens are to be tested in helium and nine (9) specimens1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commi
13、ttee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.04 onHydrogen Embrittlement.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1459 06. DOI:10.1520/F1459-06R12.2The boldface numbe
14、rs in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.are to be tested in hydrogen. One specimen is to be tested at thepredetermined pressurization rate in helium
15、 or hydrogen asprescribed in 8.2.3.7.2 The specimens for the test cell, illustrated in Fig. 1, havea diameter of 58 mm (2.28 in.) and a thickness of 0.75 mm(0.030 in). If not available, other thickness between 0.25 and 1mm (0.010 and 0.040 in.) are also acceptable.7.3 The disk specimen shall have a
16、flatness of less than110mm (1254 in.) deflection.7.4 The surface of the disk specimen shall be free of oxides.The surface roughness Ra shall be 0.001 mm (40 in.) or less.7.5 The disk specimen shall be prepared by a method thatdoes not alter mechanical properties of the material at the edgeof the spe
17、cimen. Microhardness testing should be conductedper Test Method E384 at the outer edge of the specimen(outside the tested area) to ensure it is as a means of confirmingthat the mechanical properties were not altered.7.6 The specimens shall be cleaned, free of grease and driedbefore test.8. Procedure
18、8.1 Pressurization Procedure:8.1.1 Install a disk specimen in the test cell.8.1.2 Evacuate the system to 10-2to 10-3torr for 3 min toeliminate air, moisture, and residual test gases from the system.8.1.3 Purge the system with the gas to be tested, check gaspurity from the evacuation port on a per ba
19、tch basis.8.1.4 Repeat 8.1.2 and 8.1.3 if necessary.8.1.5 Adjust the pressurization rate to the desired level.8.1.6 Pressurize the system. The pressure versus time datashall be recorded.8.1.7 Stop the test when the disk has burst. Record the burstor crack pressure.8.2 Test Procedure:8.2.1 Perform hy
20、drogen and helium tests according to thepressurization procedure in 8.1.8.2.2 Six (6) specimens shall be tested in helium. Nine (9)specimens shall be tested in hydrogen.8.2.3 The pressurization rates shall be between 0.1 and 1000bar/min (1.5 to 14 500 psi/min). Suggested pressurization ratesare 0.1,
21、 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 bar/min (1.5, 15, 145, 1450,7250, and 14 500 psi/min). Additional tests shall be conductedin hydrogen at or near the rates that yield the lowest burstpressure.9. Calculation9.1 Plot the burst pressure versus pressurization rate (loga-rithmic scale) for the hydrogen and hel
22、ium test data.9.2 Perform a linear regression on the helium data to obtaina linear relation between the rupture pressure and the pressur-ization rate.9.3 Calculate the apparent helium burst pressure based onthe linear regression at the pressurization rates in the hydrogenpressure.9.4 Calculate the r
23、atio PHe/PH2at the pressurization ratetested in hydrogen, where PHeis the apparent helium burstpressure calculated from 9.3.9.5 Plot the ratio PHe/PH2versus pressurization rate.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 The maximum value of the PHe/PH2ratio is used toevaluate the susceptibility of the test m
24、aterial to hydrogen gasembrittlement.10.2 If the maximum ratio PHe/PH2is equal to 1, thematerial is considered to be not susceptible to hydrogen1. Port for evacuation and flow adjustment 6. Disk2. Discharge port 7. O-ring3. Upper flange 8. Lower flange4. Bolt 9. Gas inlet5. High strength steel ringF
25、IG. 1 Test Cell1. High-pressure tank 6. High-pressure valve2. Pressure gage 7. Throttle valve3. High-pressure valve 8. Slave hand pressure gage4. To vacuum pump 9. Test cell5. To pressure intensifier 10. Check valve11. Pressure bleed valveFIG. 2 Schematic of Disk Pressure TestF1459 06 (2012)2embritt
26、lement. If the ratio is higher than 2, the material isconsidered to be sensitive to hydrogen, and provisions must betaken to avoid exposure to hydrogen. If the ratio is between 1and 2, embrittlement may be expected after long exposure tohydrogen in any form.11. Report11.1 Report material information
27、 with alloy identification,hardness, chemistry, heat treatment, and so forth.11.2 Report specimen geometry including diameter andthickness.11.3 Report the test conditions including gas purity andpressurization rates.11.4 Report the ratio PHe/PH2at each pressurization rate andthe maximum value of the
28、 ratio.12. Precision12.1 ReproducibilityThe results of the test for each ma-terial and condition obtained by the same operator usuallydiffer by the following percentages: normally processed andmachined specimens, 2 to 3 %; ultra high-strength materials 5to 10 %.12.2 Results differing by more than th
29、e indicated percent-ages should be considered suspect and unacceptable.13. Keywords13.1 gaseous disk pressure test; hydrogen gas embrittle-ment; relative susceptibilityREFERENCES(1) Fidelle, J. P., “The Disk Pressure Technique,” Hydrogen Embrittle-ment Testing, ASTM STP 543, American Society for Tes
30、ting andMaterials, Philadelphia, 1974, p. 33.(2) Fidelle, J. P., “Disk Pressure Testing of Hydrogen EnvironmentEmbrittlement,” Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing, ASTM STP 543,American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1974, p.231.(3) Barthelemy, H., “Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Some Au
31、steniticStainless Steels,” Fourth International Conference on Hydrogen andMaterials, Beijing, May 1988, p. 841.(4) Barthelemy, H., “How to Select Steels for Compressed and LiquefiedHydrogen Equipment,” International Conference on Interaction ofSteels with Hydrogen in Petroleum Industry Vessel Servic
32、e, Paris,March 28-30, 1989, p. 173-177.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
33、riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
34、this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldma
35、ke your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1459 06 (2012)3
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