ASTM F1460-2007 Standard Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems《校准溢油分散剂应用设备输油管和喷油嘴系统的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: F 1460 07Standard Practice forCalibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application EquipmentBoom and Nozzle Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1460; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th

2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers uniform procedures for determiningand reporting the dosage rate of oil spill dispersan

3、t applicationequipment.1.2 This practice is applicable to spray systems employingbooms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systemssuch as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.1.3 This practice is applicable to systems for use on ships orboats and helicopters or airplanes

4、.1.4 This practice is one of four related to dispersant appli-cation systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, oneon calibration, one on deposition, and one on the use of thesystems. Familiarity with all four standards is recommended.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thes

5、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1413 Guide for Oil Spill Di

6、spersant Application Equip-ment: Boom and Nozzle Systems3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice will enable calibration of oil spill dispers-ant application equipment and ensure a desired dosage anduniformity across the swath width.3.2 The data provided by the methods described herein willpermit th

7、e preparation of a chart relating delivery rate withapplication vehicle speed, flow meter reading or pump settingso that in actual application, the desired dosage will beachieved.3.3 This practice will ensure that a dispersant applicationsystem is functional, capable of delivering a specified dosage

8、,and that major components are operational. This will alsoensure that the unit is functioning according to design specifi-cations as detailed in Guide F 1413.4. Apparatus and Materials4.1 Pails of capacity 7 to 20 L (2 to 5 U.S. gal) to catchthe spray from the nozzles.4.2 Graduated Cylinder of capac

9、ity 7 to 20 L or a scalehaving capacity of at least 20 kg (45 lbs) to determine theamount of fluid in each pail. Commercial equipment with anaccuracy of at least 1 % is adequate.4.3 Stopwatch.4.4 Test FluidWater can be used as a test fluid if theviscosity of the dispersant to be used is not dissimil

10、ar to theviscosity of water. A surrogate fluid should be used if theviscosity difference is greater than approximately 100 timesthat of water. This can occur with more viscous dispersants orat low temperatures. The surrogate fluid could be water withthe appropriate amount of thickener.4.5 A continui

11、ng supply of water or test fluid, enough to runthe system during the test period, must be available. Tank truckquantities may be required.4.6 Auxiliary Power Units, where required.4.7 Thermometer, to measure the temperature of test fluid.4.8 FlowmeterA flowmeter should be incorporated intothe delive

12、ry system to measure the total flow out to the boomsand nozzles.5. Calibration Procedure5.1 SynopsisThe calibration procedure is done in foursteps. The first step is equipment inspection. Any defects arecorrected before further calibration. The second step is thecalibration of the flow meter. The th

13、ird step is calibration of theunit by catching water spray from each nozzle. The fourth stepis the preparation of a calibration curve.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.13 on

14、 Treatment.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1460 93 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of

15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Equipment Setup Place the application equipment at asuitable outdoor location and

16、close to a supply of water or testfluid. Set up the equipment in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions and inspect visually. Start the unit. Allnozzles should visually be producing approximately the sameamount of spray. Inoperative nozzles or other elements such aspressure gages or flow me

17、ters, are repaired or replaced beforeproceeding. The operation of pressure gages should be verifiedbefore proceeding.5.3 Dispersant Flow Meter Calibration:5.3.1 Calibrate the flow meter using a surrogate fluid. Thissurrogate fluid could be water or a surrogate fluid, if necessary.The withdrawal of t

18、est fluid from a calibrated vessel is timed toestablish the flow rate. The calibration is done at a minimum ofthree flow rates and these should be chosen to represent typicalminimum, average, and maximum dispersant flow rates.5.3.2 Fill the calibrated vessel with test fluid and connect thedispersant

19、 input line to it. Set the desired flow rate and start theunit. After a steady flow rate is established, begin the measure-ment. The measurement period should be sufficiently long toallow for accurate measurements. Operate the spray systemwith all sub-systems and nozzles to ensure that the pressured

20、rop across the flow meter is the same as during normaloperations.5.3.3 Run the test at least three times for each of the flowrates and the numbers averaged for each flow rate. Data areused to produce a calibration chart for the flow rate.5.4 Nozzle Calibration:5.4.1 Calibrate the apparatus using wat

21、er or a surrogate testfluid, if necessary, which is collected to establish flow rates.Start the unit, and when pressure and flow are constant, catchthe output from each nozzle under test using pails manipulatedby test personnel at the same time. A timekeeper should givestart and stop signals and mai

22、ntain records of the time elapsedduring collection of the fluid. Each run should last 30 to 60 sor long enough to fill one-half to two-thirds of the collectionpail. All nozzles must be tested. Any number of nozzles can betested at a time, but during any test all nozzles must be running.5.4.2 Determi

23、ne the amount of fluid in each pail by weigh-ing it and converting to volume, or by using a calibratedcylinder. Each pail should be numbered and pre-weighed (ifweight is the system used for volume determination) before therun begins. Determine the amount of fluid sprayed from eachnozzle immediately

24、after collection. Compare the amount offluid produced by each nozzle to the calculated amountdetermined by taking the total flow divided by the number ofnozzles. Total flow is the sum of the fluid collected from all thenozzles. The output of each nozzle should be within 10 % ofthe calculated average

25、 or designed amount. If not, the nozzlesshould be repaired or replaced and the calibration procedurerepeated. Separate calibrations must be done for each variationof pressure, number of operating nozzles, or type of nozzles.5.5 Calibration of Dispersant Addition (Eductor or Pump)SystemsBoat and ship

26、 systems sometimes apply dispersantmixed with water. Addition systems are of two types, eductorsand pumps. Both pumps and eductors are calibrated bymeasuring the volume of dispersant surrogate added to thewater stream. The systems are calibrated in the configurationthey are normally used. Calibratio

27、ns are performed for eachwater pressure and water flow rate that would be used in actualpractice.5.5.1 Eductor systems are cleaned and repaired (if neces-sary) prior to calibration. Eductors require frequent mainte-nance, cleaning, and calibration. Eductors are calibrated byplacing the suction tube

28、into a calibrated cylinder and timingthe withdrawal of material. Either the relative change per unittime of the water or the dispersant to be used is recorded overat least three flow settings to produce a calibration chart.5.5.2 Dispersant addition pumps are calibrated by measur-ing the flow input o

29、r output with a calibrated cylinder or byweight. Tests are run at three pump settings representing aminimum, a maximum, and one or more typical operating-flow-rate setting.5.6 Calibration FrequencySystems should be calibratedat least once a year. Systems should be cleaned and re-calibrated after eac

30、h use and after making system configurationchanges.5.7 Report of Calibration ProcedurePerform the calibra-tion of the application system at three or more differentequipment settings to produce an overall dispersant deliverychart and a flow meter correction chart.6. Data Reporting6.1 Data shall be ac

31、curate to two significant figures. Tablesor graphs are prepared showing dispersant delivery rate inL/min (or U.S. gal/min) with pump settings and flow meterdata.7. Keywords7.1 boom and nozzles; dispersant application; dispersantspray equipment; dispersants; oil spill chemicals; oil spilldispersants;

32、 oil spill treating agentsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infrin

33、gement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard

34、 or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views

35、 known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1460072