ASTM F1487-2011 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use《公共游乐场设备的标准消费者安全性能规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F1487 11Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPlayground Equipment for Public Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification establishes nationally recognized safety standardsfor public playground

3、equipment to address injuries identified by the U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission (CPSC).During 1999 the CPSC estimated that about 156 000 victims were treated in U.S. hospitalemergency rooms for injuries associated with public playground equipment. About three fourths ofthese injuries resulted

4、 from falls, primarily to the surface on which the equipment was located. Otherhazard patterns involved impact by swings and other moving equipment and contact with protrusions,crush or shear points, and sharp edges. Fatalities reported to the CPSC resulted from falls;entanglement of clothing or sim

5、ilar items on equipment; entanglement in ropes tied to or caught onequipment; head entrapment; impact by equipment that tipped over or otherwise failed; and impact bymoving swings. This consumer safety performance specification does not eliminate the need forsupervision of children on public playgro

6、und equipment. It is intended to minimize the likelihood oflife-threatening or debilitating injuries, such as those identified by the CPSC.There has been significant harmonization of this performance specification and CAN/CSA-Z614.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety performance specification pro-vides

7、safety and performance standards for various types ofpublic playground equipment. Its purpose is to reduce life-threatening and debilitating injuries.1.2 The range of users encompassed by this consumer safetyperformance specification is the 5th percentile 2-year-oldthrough the 95th percentile 12-yea

8、r-old.1.3 Home playground equipment, toys, amusement rides,sports equipment, fitness equipment intended for users over theage of 12, public use play equipment for children 6 to 24months, and soft contained play equipment are not included inthis specification.1.4 Products or materials (site furnishin

9、gs) that are installedoutside the equipment use zone, such as benches, tables,independent shade structures, and borders used to containprotective surfacing, are not considered playground equipmentand are not included in this specification.1.5 This specification does not address accessibility, except

10、as it pertains to safety issues not covered in the DOJ 2010Standard for Accessible Design.1.6 This consumer safety performance specification in-cludes the following sections:Title Section NumberScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Materials and Manufacture 4General Requirements 5Performance Req

11、uirements 6Requirements for Access/Egress 7Equipment 8Playground Layout 9Accessibility 10Installation 11Structural Integrity 12Maintenance 13Labeling 14Information Signage and Labels 15Keywords 16Figures Annex A11.7 General Measures, Tolerances, and Conversions:1.7.1 The general tolerances for this

12、specification (unlessotherwise specified) are as follows:Dimension ToleranceX in. 60.5 in.X.X in. 60.05 in.X.XX in. 60.005 in.These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when termslike greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.1This consumer safety performance specification is under

13、 the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F15.29 on Playground Equipment for Public Use.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1487 07a1.

14、DOI:10.1520/F1487-11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.7.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided

15、 forinformation only.1.7.3 The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric unitsis 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 0.45359 kg.1.7.4 See Annex A1 for figures referenced throughout thisspecification.1.7.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.

16、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessF698 Specification for

17、Physical Information to be Providedfor Amusement Rides and Devices3F846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand DevicesF853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF893 Guide for Auditing Amusement Rides and DevicesF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safe

18、tyF1004 Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gatesand Expandable EnclosuresF1077 Guide for Selection of Committee F16 FastenerSpecificationsF1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Playground EquipmentF1159 Practice for Design and Manufacture of PatronDirected, Artificial Climb

19、ing Walls, Dry Slide, Coin Oper-ated and Purposeful Water Immersion Amusement Ridesand Devices and Air-Supported StructuresF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfacingMaterials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft ContainedPlay Equipme

20、ntF1951 Specification for Determination of Accessibility ofSurface Systems Under and Around Playground Equip-mentF2373 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPublic Use Play Equipment for Children 6 Months through23 Months2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color CodeANSI Z535.2 Environment

21、al and Facility Safety SignsANSI Z535.4 Products SafetySigns and Labels2.3 Federal Standards:516 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint andCertain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-ContainingPaint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-cluding Sections:1500.48 Technical Requirements fo

22、r Determining a SharpPoint in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under 8 Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other Articles Intendedfor Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age16 CFR Section 1501 Method for Identifying Toys a

23、ndOtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or IngestionHazards Because of Small PartsDOJ 2010 Standard for Accessible Design United StatesDepartment of Justice (DOJ) 2010 Standard for Acces-sible Design: Title II (28 CFR 35) and Title III (28 CF

24、R36)62.4 UL Standard:7UL 969 Standard for Safety: Marking and Labeling Systems2.5 CSA Standard:8CAN/CSA-Z614 Childrens Playspaces and Equipment3. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible, adjrelating to a part or portion of theplayground equipment that (1) can

25、be contacted by any bodypart or (2) is approachable or usable, or both, by persons withdisabilities.3.1.2 accessible playground, nplayground equipmentarea, that, when viewed in its entirety, may be approached, andentered and provides a range of play opportunities and expe-riences to users of varying

26、 abilities.3.1.3 accessible route, npathway specifically designed toprovide access for individuals with disabilities, including thoseusing wheelchairs or mobility devices.3.1.4 adjacent platforms, ntwo platforms having a com-mon vertical plane with some deviation in their height.3.1.5 climbing net s

27、tructure, nplayground climbing de-vices made of flexible components arranged in either a2-dimensional grid or a 3-dimensional matrix.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSee Fig. A1.53 for examples of climb-ing net structures.3.1.6 completely bounded opening, nany opening in apiece of play equipment that is totally en

28、closed by boundarieson all sides so that the perimeter of the opening is continuous.3.1.7 component, nof a play structure, any portion thereofthat generates specific activity and cannot stand alone.3.1.8 composite play structure, ntwo or more play struc-tures attached or functionally linked, to crea

29、te one integral unit2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of

30、this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6A

31、vailable free at: http:/www.ada.gov/regs2010/ADAregs2010.htm.7Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.8Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON M9W1R3, Canada.F1487 112that provides more than

32、one play activity; an example is acombination climber, slide, and horizontal ladder.3.1.9 crush and shear point, njuncture at which the usercould suffer contusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, orfracture during use of the playground equipment.3.1.10 designated play surface, nany elevated surfac

33、e forstanding, walking, sitting, or climbing, or a flat surface largerthan 2.0 in. (51 mm) wide by 2.0 in. (51 mm) long having lessthan 30 angle from horizontal.3.1.11 enclosed swing seat, nsuspended device uponwhich a user sits which has nonremovable supports on all sidesand between the legs of a u

34、ser. The supports are intended toprevent a user from falling out of the device while it is inmotion.3.1.12 entanglement, ncondition in which the usersclothes or something around the users neck becomes caught orentwined on a component of playground equipment.3.1.13 entrapment, nany condition which im

35、pedes with-drawal of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.3.1.14 fall height, nvertical distance between a designatedplay surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.3.1.15 flexible component, nany part of the playgroundequipment, excluding swings, that temporarily changes itsshape

36、 when in use; examples include the tire net, the cargo net,and the log bridge.3.1.16 functionally linked play structure, nplay structurethat acts as a single unit in its physical form or sense offunction as continuous play even if the components are notphysically attached.3.1.17 g, nacceleration due

37、 to gravity at the earthssurface at sea level (32 ft/s2(9.8 m/s2).3.1.18 guardrail, ndevice around an elevated surface thatprevents inadvertent falls from the elevated surface.3.1.19 handrail, nrigid linear device, following the pathof access or egress, that when grasped, provides balance andsupport

38、 in maintaining a specific body posture.3.1.20 head injury criteria (HIC), na measure of impactseverity that considers the duration over which the most criticalsection of the deceleration pulse persists as well as the peaklevel of deceleration.3.1.21 maximum user, n12-year-old child; measurementchar

39、acteristics are the 95th percentile values for combinedsexes.3.1.22 minimum user, na 2-year-old child; measurementcharacteristics are the 5th percentile values for combinedsexes.3.1.23 partially bounded opening, nany opening in apiece of play equipment that is not totally enclosed byboundaries on al

40、l sides so that the perimeter of the opening isdiscontinuous.3.1.24 platform, nflat surface, intended for more than oneuser to stand, and upon which the user(s) can move freely.3.1.25 play structure, nfree standing structure with one ormore components and their supporting members.3.1.26 preventive m

41、aintenance, nplanned program of in-spections and maintenance intended to keep equipment func-tioning properly and to forestall equipment failures.3.1.27 professional judgment, nability of an individualwith current knowledge, skill or experience, or both, in thefield of playgrounds/playground equipme

42、nt design, use, oroperations, which enables the person to form an opinion ormake a decision, or both, concerning a matter within that fieldof expertise.3.1.28 projection, ncondition which, due to its physicalnature, must be tested to the requirements of this standard todetermine whether it is a prot

43、rusion or entanglement hazard, orboth.3.1.29 protective barrier, nenclosing device around anelevated surface that prevents both inadvertent and deliberateattempts to pass through the device.3.1.30 protective surfacing, nmaterial(s) to be used withinthe use zone of any playground equipment.3.1.30.1 D

44、iscussionProtective surfacing shall meet theminimum impact attenuation requirements of SpecificationF1292.3.1.31 protrusion, nprojection which, when tested inaccordance with the requirements of this standard, is found tobe a hazard having the potential to cause bodily injury to a userwho impacts it.

45、3.1.32 public use playground equipment, nplay structurefor use in play areas of schools, parks, child-care facilities,institutions, multiple-family dwellings, private resorts andrecreation developments, restaurants, and other areas of publicuse.3.1.32.1 DiscussionRequirements for amusement parkequip

46、ment, sports use, home playground equipment, toys, softcontained play equipment, and play equipment for children 6through 23 months are covered in Specifications F698, F1148,F963, F1918, F2373, Guides F846 and F893, and PracticesF853 and F1159. Independent loose items intended to bemanipulated by th

47、e intended users are not covered in thisstandard.3.1.33 rocking/springing equipment, nany play structurethat rocks about a fixed base.3.1.34 rotating equipment, nany play structure that movesabout a vertical or horizontal axis (for example, a merry-go-round, whirl, logroll, or spinner).3.1.35 rung,

48、ncrosspiece in a ladder or other climbingequipment used for supporting the users feet or for graspingby the users hands, or both.3.1.36 sharp edge, nedge that can cut a users skin.3.1.36.1 DiscussionAn edge is judged as potentially sharppursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section 1500.49.3.1.37 sha

49、rp point, npoint that can puncture or lacerate ausers skin during use.3.1.37.1 DiscussionA point is judged as potentially sharppursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section 1500.48.3.1.38 signal word, nword that designates a degree orlevel of hazard.3.1.38.1 DiscussionThe signal word for safety labels isWARNING.3.1.39 small part, nobject that may become detached andpresents a choking, aspiration, or ingestion hazard to the user.3.1.39.1 DiscussionA small part is determined to be ahazard pursuant to the provision of 16 CFR Pa