ASTM F1494-2003(2011) Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing《防护服标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: F1494 03 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Terminology Relating toProtective Clothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard defines the specialized terms used instandards developed by Committee F23 on Protective Cloth-ing.1.2 Definitions of Terms, w

3、hich were drafted for use only ina single standard, are also included for convenient reference.Under ASTM rules they may become full definitions in thefuture, if they are used in additional standards.1.3 Additional terminology relevant to protective clothingand to the components of protective clothi

4、ng can be found inTerminology D123, D1566, and D4805.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards3F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials

5、under Conditions ofContinuous ContactF955 Test Method for Evaluating Heat Transfer throughMaterials for Protective Clothing Upon Contact with Mol-ten SubstancesF1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-tective Clothing MaterialsF1002 Performance Specification for Protective Clothingfor

6、Use by Workers Exposed to Specific Molten Substancesand Related Thermal HazardsF1060 Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance ofMaterials for Protective Clothing for Hot Surface ContactF1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensemble

7、s andEnsemble ComponentsF1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulationof Clothing Using a Heated ManikinF1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement onMaterials Used in Protective Clothing Not DesignatedPrimarily for Flame ResistanceF1359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance o

8、fProtective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under aShower Spray While on a MannequinF1383 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofIntermittent ContactF1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical ProtectiveClothing Materials to Liquid P

9、ermeationPermeation CupMethodF1414 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance toChain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective ClothingF1449 Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal,and Arc Resistant ClothingF1458 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance toChain Saw of Foot Protective De

10、vicesF1461 Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing ProgramF1670 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic BloodF1671 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-Borne Patho-gens Using Phi-X174 Bacte

11、riophage Penetration as a TestSystemF1731 Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fireand Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal HazardProtective ClothingF1818 Specification for Foot Protection for Chain SawUsers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a

12、 materialcontinues to flame after the ignition source has been re-moved. (F23.20) F13581This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 onPersonal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F23.91 on Editorial.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2

13、011. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1494 03. DOI:10.1520/F1494-03R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa

14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.afterglow, na glow i

15、n a material after the removal of anexternal ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material (see also glow).(F23.20) F1358agar, na semisolid culture medium used to support thegrowth of bacteria and other micro-organisms. (F23.40)F1671analytical detection limit,

16、 na number, expressed in units ofconcentration (or amount), that describes the lowest concen-tration level (or amount) that an analyst can determine to bedifferent from an analytical blank (background level).(F23.70) F1461analytical technique, na procedure whereby the concentra-tion of the test chem

17、ical in a collection medium is quantita-tively determined. (F23.30) F739anisotropic, adjhaving different values for a specific prop-erty in different directions. (F23.20) F1358armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garmentthrough which the arm passes or into which a sleeve is fitted.(See a

18、rmscye.) (F23.60) F1731armscye, nin garment construction, the opening in a gar-ment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (See armhole.)(F23.60) F1731aseptic, adjsterile, free from viable microbiological con-tamination. (F23.40) F1671assay, nanalysis of a mixture to determine the presence orconcent

19、ration of a particular component. (F23.40) F1671assay fluid, na sterile liquid used to wash the test specimensurface to determine microbiological penetration. (F23.40)F1671authority having jurisdiction, nthe organization, office, orindividual responsible for approving any equipment, instal-lation, o

20、r procedure. (F23.20) F1818back waist length, nin body measurements, the verticaldistance along the spine from the cervical to the waist.(F23.60) F1731bacteriophage, na type of virus which infects bacteria.(F23.40) F1671bartack, nin garment construction, a reinforcement at pointsof strain. (F23.60)

21、F1731biological monitoring, nthe chemical analysis of chemicalsor metabolites, or both, from a workers blood, urine,fingernails, sweat, breath, and so forth. (F23.70) F1461body dimension, nin garment construction, a body mea-surement which can be used to build a sizing system or toselect an appropri

22、ately sized garment. (F23.60) F1731body fluid simulant, na liquid which is used to act as amodel for human body liquids. (F23.40) F1670, F1671body measurement, nin anthropometry, a standardizeddistance between two specified points on the humananatomy. (F23.60) F1731break-openin testing thermal prote

23、ctive material, a responseevidenced by the formation of a hole in the material, whichallows the molten substance to pass through the material.(F23.80) F955breakthrough detection time, nthe elapsed time measuredfrom the start of the test to the sampling time that immedi-ately precedes the sampling ti

24、me at which the test chemicalis first detected. (F23.30) F739, F1383buddy system, na means of organizing employee workgroups whereby each participant is matched with another sothat prompt assistance can be rendered in the case of anyemergency. (F23.70) F1461burn distance, nthe measurement from the b

25、ottom edge ofthe specimen to the farthest point that shows evidence ofdamage due to combustion. (F23.20) F1358burning behavior, nall the changes that take place whenmaterials or products are exposed to a specified ignitionsource. (F23.20) F1358bust girth, nin body measurement, the circumference of t

26、hebody over the fullest part of the breasts and parallel to thefloor. (See chest girth.) (F23.60) F1731care and maintenance, neffective cleaning to remove soiland maximize use life of garments while maintaining (notremoving) protective properties. (F23.80) F1449centerline, nin foot protective device

27、s, a line which extendsfrom the toe of the footwear horizontally along the sole tothe heel vertically to the top of the footwear, and diagonallyto the point of intersection at the toe. (F23.20) F1458certification, na system whereby an organization determinesthat a manufacturer has demonstrated the a

28、bility to make aproduct that complies with the requirements of the specifi-cation, authorizes the manufacturer to use a label on prod-ucts that comply with the requirements of the specification,and conducts a follow-up program to verify the methods themanufacturer uses to determine compliance with t

29、he require-ments of this specification. (F23.20) F1818certification organization, nan independent, third partyorganization that determines product compliance with therequirements of the specification with a labeling and listingfollow-up program. (F23.20) F1818cervical, nin body measurements, the mos

30、t prominent boneat the base of the neck. (F23.60) F1731chain saw, na portable power operated tool used for cuttingwood which has cutters linked in a chain. (F23.20) F1414,F1458chain speed, nthe velocity of synchronized movement oflinked cutters around a bar and sprocket. (F23.20) F1414,F1458chainsto

31、p, nfor chainsaw cut resistance, the resulting actionwhen a material clogs (jams) the drive sprocket or slows thespeed sufficiently to prevent advancement of the chain saw.(F23.20) F1414, F1458, F1818challenge chemicala chemical used to contact a protectiveclothing material sample to determine chemi

32、cal/protectiveclothing material interactions or compatibility. (F23.30)F1001challenge suspension, na liquid containing an agent that isused to test the penetration resistance of materials.(F23.40) F1671charringthe formation of a carbonaceous residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion

33、. (F23.80)F1060chemical protective clothing (CPC), nany material orcombination of materials used in an item of clothing for thepurpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contactF1494 03 (2011)2with a potentially hazardous chemical. (F23.70) F1461chemical-protective suit ensemblethe combinati

34、on of achemical-protective suit (totally encapsulating, splash-protective) with the wearers respiratory protective equip-ment, gloves, boots, communications system, and coolingdevice, or some combination of those. (F23.50) F1154,F1359chest, nin garment construction, a measurement taken frombelow eac

35、h armhole seam straight across the garment whileit is laid flat. (F23.60) F1731chest girth, nin body measurements, the circumference ofthe body over the shoulder blades, under the arms and acrossthe upper chest. (See bust girth.) (F23.60) F1731clo, na unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to

36、 0.155K-m2/W. (F23.60) F1291DISCUSSIONThe value of the clo was selected as roughly theinsulation value of typical indoor clothing, which should keep a restingman (producing heat at the rate of 58 W/m2) comfortable in anenvironment at 21C, air movement 0.1 m/s.closed-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode

37、 in which thecollection medium volume is fixed. (F23.30) F739, F1383clothing ensemble, na group of garments worn together onthe body at the same time. (F23.60) F1291collection medium, na liquid or gas that does not affect themeasured permeation and in which the test chemical is freelysoluble or adso

38、rbed to a saturation concentration greater than0.5 weight or volume percent. (F23.30) F1383combustion, na chemical process of oxidation that occurs ata rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light either asglow or flames. (F23.20) F1358contact time, nin an intermittent contact test, the durati

39、onduring each cycle that the challenge side chamber of thepermeation cell is filled with the test chemical. (F23.30)F1383crotch, nin anatomy, the body area adjacent to the vertex ofthe included angle between the legs. (F23.60) F1731cuff, nin garment construction, a finished edge at the end ofeither

40、a garment sleeve or trouser leg created by turning backor rolling up and stitching the fabric. (F23.60) F1731cumulative permeation, nthe total mass of chemical thatpermeates during a specified time from when the material isfirst contacted. (F23.30) F1383, F1407cut resistance, nin chainsaw testing, t

41、he ability of a mate-rial, while in contact with the linked cutters, to resist cutthrough of the cutters of a moving saw chain, independent ofeither jamming or chain stop. (F23.20) F1414, F1458,F1818.cut-through time, nfor chainsaw cut resistance, the timerequired for a running chainsaw to effect co

42、mplete break-through of a protective garment or protective device.(F23.20) F1414, F1458, F1818cycle time, nin an intermittent contact test, the interval oftime from the start of one contact period to the start of thenext contact period. (F23.30) F1383decontamination, nthe removal of a contaminant or

43、 con-taminants from the surface or matrix, or both, of CPC to theextent necessary for its next intended action (for example,reuse and disposal). (F23.70) F1461drippingin testing thermal protective material, a responseevidenced by flowing of the fiber polymer. (F23.80) F955ease, nin garment construct

44、ion, the difference betweengarment measurement and body measurement. (F23.60)F1731elastomer, na term often used for rubber and polymers thathave properties similar to rubber. (F23.70) F1461elbow, nin anatomy, the joint that articulates between theupper arm and the lower arm. (F23.60) F1731embrittlem

45、entthe formation of a brittle residue as a result ofpyrolysis or incomplete combustion. (F23.80) F955,F1060, F1358end user, nfor the purpose of this guide, this term is used toidentify specifically the party requiring protective clothing(for example, the employer of the person wearing thegarment). (

46、F23.80) F1449Ficks laws of diffusion, nmathematical descriptions of themovement of one type of molecule through another.(F23.70) F1461finish, na chemical or mechanical modification, or both, ofthe fabric for a specific performance result. (F23.80)F1449finishing technique, nas applies to laundry and

47、dry clean-ing procedures, the mechanical means by which the garmentis put in its final state (for example, pressing, drying, wrinkleremoval, and so forth). (F23.80) F1449fit, nthe quality, state or manner in which the length andcloseness of clothing, when worn, relates to the human body.(F23.60) F17

48、31flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlled hotluminous zone of gas or matter in gaseous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combus-tion as evidenced by a low-intensity heat source of less than5 kW, such as a burner flame on a gas stove. (F23.20)F1358flam

49、e impingement, ndirect contact between a flame and amaterial. (F23.20) F1358flammability, nthose characteristics of a material that per-tain to its ignition and support of combustion. (F23.20)F1358follow-up program, nthe sampling, inspection, tests, orother measures conducted by the certification organizationon a periodic basis to determine the continued compliance ofproducts that are being made by the manufacturer to therequirements of the standard specification. (F23.20)foot, nthe terminal part of the verteb