1、Designation: F1502 05 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forStatic Measurements on Tires for Passenger Cars, LightTrucks, and Medium Duty Vehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1502; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers methods for performing certainmechanical static measurem
3、ents on tires. The term “static”implies that the tire is not rotating while measurements arebeing made.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if
4、any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer H
5、ard-nessF421 Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth inPassenger Car TiresF538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of TiresF870 Practice for Tread Footprints of Passenger Car TiresGroove Area Fraction and Dimensional MeasurementsF1082 Practice for TiresDetermining Pr
6、ecision for TestMethod Standards (Withdrawn 2005)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 outside diameter, nthe maximum diameter of a tirewhen it is mounted and inflated.3.1.2 overall width, nthe maximum cross-sectional widthof a tire, including protective or decorative ribs.3.1.3 tire weight, nthe wei
7、ght of an unmounted tirewithout tube or flap.3.1.4 tread arc width, nthe length of the arc measuredfrom one extreme of the tread design proper to the oppositeextreme; that is, from shoulder to shoulder perpendicular to thecircumferential center line.3.1.5 tread hardness, nthe hardness of an element
8、in thetread design as measured by a designated standard gage.3.1.6 tread radius, nthe radius of a circle whose arc bestfits the tread surface when the radius template used is heldperpendicular to the circumferential center line of an inflatedtire.3.2 For additional definitions of terms used in this
9、testmethod, refer to Terminology F538.4. Significance and Use4.1 Static measurements of tires are important to tiremanufacturers, processing engineers, and vehicle design engi-neers for purposes of commerce (in consumer/vendor agree-ments) and in tire research and development.4.2 The procedures are
10、sufficiently detailed to achievecommercially acceptable reproducibility among laboratoriesand may therefore be used for specification, compliance, orreference purposes.4.3 Changes attributable to growth after inflation may beobtained by comparing measurements made immediately afterinflation with tho
11、se made 18 to 24 h later.5. Tire Marking5.1 For measurements other than weight, the tire shall bemarked at six equally spaced locations around the circumfer-ence. Starting at the DOT serial, make radial lines from bead tobead, perpendicular to the tread center line, at 60-degreeintervals. Number the
12、 resulting sections “1” through “6” in aclockwise sequence as viewed from the side containing theserial number.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.30 on Laboratory (Non-Vehicular) Testing.Current edition appro
13、ved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1502 05 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F1502-05R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
14、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Proced
15、ures6.1 Tire Weight:6.1.1 Weigh the test tire on a scale with accuracy to 0.045 kg(0.1 lb) in the required range.Ascale of 0-90 kg (0-200 lb) hasbeen found to be satisfactory for tires within the scope of thistest method.6.1.2 The scale used should be calibrated with weightstraceable to the National
16、 Institute of Standards Technology(NIST).6.2 Outside Diameter:6.2.1 Mount the test tire on a rim of the correct diameter forthe tire size and the measuring rim width listed for that tire inthe current yearbook of the Tire and Rim Association4(orapplicable document5,6), unless another width is chosen
17、.6.2.2 Inflate the tire to the maximum pressure given on thesidewall unless another pressure has been chosen. Do notexceed the maximum pressure given on the sidewall. Recordthe value used. Allow 24 h for inflation growth and adjustpressure if necessary.6.2.3 The assembly of wheel and inflated tire s
18、hall be intemperature equilibrium with the environment in which themeasurements are to be made. This can usually be achieved in3 h at room temperature, 24 6 8C (75 6 15F). Recordambient temperature at the time of measurements.6.2.4 Anchor the end of a “diameter” (pi) tape in the treadcenter (or othe
19、r maximum diameter location, that is, center lowoxbow (Fig. 1), at any circumferential location. Use a thumb-tack if necessary. See Fig. 2.6.2.5 Carefully align the tape around the tire circumferenceso that it is parallel to the plane of the tread center line. Readand record the indicated diameter.6
20、.3 Overall Width:6.3.1 Mount and condition the test tire as in 6.2.1 6.2.3.6.3.2 Use an outside caliper or other direct-reading devicethat is graduated in 0.25 mm (0.01 in.). See Figs. 3 and 4.6.3.3 The measured overall width shall include protectiveside ribs, bars, and decorations.6.3.4 Section wid
21、th can be obtained by subtracting heightsof sidewall protuberances from the overall width obtained in6.3.3.6.3.5 Record individual and average overall width measure-ments from 6.3.3 to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) from at leastthree equally spaced circumferential locations as marked in5.1.6.4 Trea
22、d Radius:6.4.1 Prepare the tire as in 6.2.1 6.2.3.6.4.2 Tread radius templates commonly have radii rangingfrom 120 mm (4.75 in.) to 300 mm (12.0 in.) in 12.8-mm(0.50-in.) increments and from 300 mm (12.0 in.) to 900 mm(35.5 in.) in 12.8-mm (0.50-in.) increments. Choose the onethat most closely fits
23、the tread arc defined by one of thefollowing types of contour. See Fig. 5.NOTE 1For tires outside or different from these most popular treadradius contours, that is, extreme low profile types, identify those radii thatmost closely define the tread contour.6.4.2.1 Type A Single (Primary) (seeFig. 6)T
24、his type ischaracterized by a tread arc that can be uniformly contacted byone of the templates. Choose the one that most closely fits thearc defined by three points, the tread center, and two shoulders.Since a perfectly uniform radius is not always attainable, othertypical variations are discussed a
25、s means for arriving at a bestdescriptive fit.6.4.2.2 Type B Dual, Drop Shoulder (see Fig. 7)This typeis characterized by the inability to fit a single-radius templateacross the entire tread because of drops at the shoulders.4Current yearbook of the Tire and Rim Association available from the Tire a
26、ndRim Association, Inc., 175 Montrose Avenue, West, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321.5Current yearbook of the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organizationavailable from the ETRTO, 32 Avenue Brugmann, 1060 Brussels, Belgium.6Current yearbook of the Japan Automotive Tire Manufacturers AssociationInc. avail
27、able from JATMA, 8thfloor, No. 33 Mori Bldg., 3-8-21 ToranomonMinato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-0001.FIG. 1 Type C: Tread Contour with a Center-Low OxbowFIG. 2 Outside Diameter MeasurementFIG. 3 Overall Width MeasurementF1502 05 (2016)2Choose the one that most closely fits the center portion of thetread,
28、ignoring the shoulder drop. A secondary radius of theshoulders can then be determined to obtain a more completedescription of the tread contour.6.4.2.3 Type C, Center-Low Oxbow (see Fig. 1)This typeis characterized by a center contour that drops too low to befitted by any of the standard templates.
29、This is the only contourtype for which the central area is not of prime importance.Choose the template that best fits the intermediate and shoulderareas. Do not confuse Type C with Type B secondary contouras shown in Fig. 7.6.4.2.4 Type D, Center-High Oxbow (see Fig. 8)This typeis characterized by r
30、aised center ribs accompanied by adepressed intermediate area and another raised area at theshoulders, so that a gap exists in the mid-point areas. Choosethe template that most closely fits the tread center and bothshoulders.6.5 Tread Hardness:6.5.1 Prepare the test tire as in 6.2.1 6.2.3.6.5.2 Moun
31、t the tire/wheel unit in a test fixture or stand it ona smooth surface so that its wheel axis is parallel to thatsurface.6.5.3 An A-scale durometer hardness gage7may be used.Report the brand name of the one chosen.6.5.4 Make measurements in smooth and flat areas of the sixtread sections marked off i
32、n 5.1 (see Fig. 9). Avoid placing theprobe near sipes, mold vents, or edges of tread elements.6.5.5 Results on crown and shoulder elements should berecorded separately since they may differ from each other.6.5.6 Apply the gage rapidly, in a manner prescribed in TestMethod D2240, in a direction perpe
33、ndicular to the treadsurface, using enough force to ensure that the gate plate lies flatagainst the surface.6.5.7 Hardness readings should be taken quickly, within 1 safter the application of force. Report the average hardnessreading, the nearest scale division, for the area measured, thatis, crown
34、or shoulder.6.6 Tread Arc Width:6.6.1 Use a flexible steel scale, such as that shown in Fig.10, having scale divisions of 2.50 mm (0.10 in.).6.6.2 Press scale onto the tire tread so that it is perpendicularto the circumferential center line and conforms to the tread arc.6.6.3 Record, to the nearest
35、scale division, at least onemeasurement in each of the three chosen sections.7. Groove (Void) Depths7.1 Static measurements for groove (void) depths are de-scribed in Test Method F421.7Shore and Rex typesA-scale durometer hardness gage have been found suitablefor this purpose.FIG. 4 Overall Width Me
36、asurementFIG. 5 Tread Radius MeasurementFIG. 6 Type A: Tread Contour with a Single RadiusFIG. 7 Type B: Tread Contour with a Dual RadiusFIG. 8 Type D: Tread Contour with a Center-High Oxbow StyleF1502 05 (2016)38. Gross Footprint Area8.1 Gross footprint area measurements are described in TestMethod
37、F870.9. Report9.1 Each examiner taking measurements will need to reportthe data in a logical format and form. Frequent tire measure-ments will necessitate that a standard data reporting form beutilized within ones own company.10. Precision and Bias810.1 This precision and bias section has been prepa
38、red inaccordance with Practice F1082. Please refer to this practicefor terminology and other statistical calculation details.10.2 To develop the data for this precision section a P195/75R14 steel belted radial tire with measurement markings wasmounted on a 6 14 rim and circulated to three laboratori
39、es ortire testing company locations, for the various static tiremeasurements as called for in this test method. At eachlaboratory, two different technicians made independent statictire measurements on each of two different days spaced oneday apart. The word “independent” means that the results ofoth
40、er technicians and the results of the previous day (for thesame technician) were not known or available during themeasurement process.10.3 The P195/75R14 tire was not dismounted for weightmeasurements. An inflation pressure of 26 psi (179 kPa) wasused for all static measurements. A test result is de
41、fined as asingle measurement of the particular static tire dimension orproperty.10.4 The results of the precision evaluation are given inTable 1 for the seven static measurements. The results of thistable were calculated by the standard procedures as set forth inPractice F1082. The within-laboratory
42、 variation expressed bySr (and r, (r) as well), is a pooled (or root mean square average)value across both technicians in all three laboratories. Thebetween-laboratory variation expressed by SR (and R, (R) aswell) is a value that has both a laboratory-to-laboratorycomponent as well as a technician-t
43、o-technician component.10.5 Statements for precision may be made as follows forany static measurement.10.5.1 RepeatabilityThe repeatability, r, of this test mea-surement has been established as the appropriate value tabu-lated in Table 1. Two single test results, obtained under normaltest method pro
44、cedures, that differ by more than this tabulatedr, must be considered as derived from different or non-identicalsample populations.10.5.2 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility, R, of this testmeasurement has been established as the appropriate valuetabulated in Table 1. Two single test results obtained
45、 in twodifferent laboratories, under normal test measurementprocedures, that differ by more than the tabulated R, must beconsidered to have come from different or non-identical samplepopulations.10.5.3 Repeatability and reproducibility expressed as apercentage of the mean level, (r) and (R), have eq
46、uivalentapplication statements as above for r and R. For the (r) and (R)statements, the difference in the two single test results isexpressed as a percentage of the arithmetic mean of the two testresults (in absolute units).10.6 In addition to the standard precision calculation proce-dure as describ
47、ed above, an analysis of variance was conducted(a three-factor ANOVA with laboratories, technicians, anddays) to give supplementary information as to the partition ofthe total variation among the three factors. Table 2 gives theresults of that analysis where the percent of the total variationfor the
48、 three factors is given to the nearest 0.1 %. For tireweight, diameter, and width, 100 % of the variation (to 0.1 %)is the laboratory-to-laboratory component. Tread radius isessentially in this category also. Section width and tread arcwidth have a substantial technician-to-technician component.8Sup
49、porting data for the precision evaluation program of this method have beenfiled at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report RR: F09 1001.FIG. 9 Tread Hardness MeasurementFIG. 10 Tread Arc Width MeasurementF1502 05 (2016)4Durometer hardness (which is a visco-elastic or time dependentmeasurement of modulus) has all three components contribut-ing to the total variation.10.7 This precision evaluation program had an inadequatenumber of laboratories for an in-depth evaluation of the testingprecision. The precision r
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