ASTM F1505-2016 Standard Specification for Insulated and Insulating Hand Tools《绝缘手工工具用标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F1505 10 (Reapproved 2015)F1505 16Standard Specification forInsulated and Insulating Hand Tools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the testing of insulated and insulating hand tools used for working on, or in close proximity

3、to,energized electrical apparatus or conductors operating at maximum voltage of 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc.1.2 The specific use of these tools is beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for

4、information only.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test method portion only, Section 7, of this specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish a

5、ppropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with the use of tools on, or in closeproximity to, energized electrical apparatus.2. Referenced Docum

6、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials atCommercial Power FrequenciesD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on

7、Plastic MaterialsD5207 Practice for Confirmation of 20mm (50W) and 125mm (500W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Tests onPlastic Materials2.2 ASME/ANSI Standards:3ASME B18.3-2002 Socket Cap, Shoulder, Set Screws, Hex and Spline KeysASME B107 Series of Standards for Hand Tools and Accessories2.3 I

8、EC Standard:4IEC 60900:200460900:2012 (Ed. 3) Live Working Hand tools for use up to 1000 V ac and 1500 V dcIEC 61318:2007 (Ed. 3) Live Working Conformity assessment applicable to tools, devices and equipment2.4 ISO Standards:5ISO 1174-1:1996 Assembly tools for screws and nutsDriving SquaresPart 1: D

9、riving squares for hand socket toolsISO 5744:2004 Pliers and nippersMethods of test2.5 Federal Specification:6GGG-R-791H (19 July 1994) Rules, Measuring1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility

10、 of SubcommitteeF18.35 on Tools 23 6 5C, relative humidity 45 to 75 %.7.1.6 Unless otherwise stated, deviations of 5 % from any test values required are permissible.7.1.7 All tools that have failed the test shall be either destroyed or rendered unsuitable for use in live working. This also appliesto

11、 any other tools from the batch unless the test is nondestructive. In this case, all tools shall be tested.7.2 Visual and Dimensional Check:NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.NOTE 2For the symbol, the exact ratio of the height of the figure to the base of the triangle is 1.43. For the purpose of conven

12、ience, this ratio canbe between the values of 1.4 and 1.5.FIG. 811 Suitable for Live Working Symbol: Double Triangle with Voltage Indication (see 5.6.3)NOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 912 Marking Symbol for Tools Capable of Being Assembled and Designed to be Interchangeable Between Different Ma

13、nufacturers(see 5.6.5)F1505 16107.2.1 VisualThe tool and insulation shall be visually checked and shall be determined to be free from external defects. Themarking shall be checked for legibility and completeness in accordance with 5.6.7.2.2 DimensionalCheck the dimensions in accordance with Section

14、5.7.3 Impact Test:7.3.1 Perform the test in accordance with one of the two alternatives shown in Fig. 1013 and Fig. 1114. The hardness of thehammer shall be at least 20 HRC.7.3.2 Select at least three points of the insulating material or insulating layer as testing points, these being points that co

15、uld bedamaged when the tool drops on a flat surface.7.3.3 The test is passed if the insulating material shows no breaks, exfoliation, or cracks penetrating the insulating layer of theinsulated tool, or are likely to reduce the solidity of the insulating tool.7.3.4 Ambient Temperature Test:7.3.4.1 Te

16、st the tool at the ambient temperature (23 6 5C) of the test room.7.3.4.2 Determine the fall height H as a function of its weight, P, so that the energy, W, of impact on the tool to be tested shallbe equal to that of this tool falling from a height of 2 m onto a hard surface:H 5W!/P! 523F!/P! (1)(a)

17、 Method ANOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 1013 Example of Test Arrangements for the Low-Temperature Impact Test (see 7.3.1)F1505 1611where:H = fall height of the hammer, m,F = weight of the tool tested, N, andP = weight of the hammer, N.7.3.5 Low-Temperature Test:7.3.5.1 Condition the tool by pl

18、acement in a cooling chamber for 2 h at 25 6 3C.7.3.5.2 The impact test shall take place within 2 min after removal from the cooling chamber. The ambient temperature shallbe 23 6 5C. The impact test shall be carried out according to 7.3.4.2.7.3.6 Extreme Low Temperature Test:7.3.6.1 The tool shall b

19、e conditioned by placement in a cooling chamber for 2 h at 40C 6 3C.7.3.6.2 The impact test shall take place within 2 min after removal from the cooling chamber. The ambient temperature shallbe 23 6 5C.7.3.6.3 Determine the fall height H as a function of its weight, P, so that the energy, W, of the

20、impact on the tool to be testedshall be equal to that of the tool falling from a height of 0.6 m onto a hard surface.H 5W!/P! 50.63F!/P! (2)where:H = fall height of the hammer, m,F = weight of the tool tested, N, and(a) Method BNOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 1114 Example of Test Arrangements f

21、or the Low-Temperature Impact Test (see 7.3.1)F1505 1612P = weight of the hammer, N.7.4 Dielectric Test Conditioning Before TestingCondition the tools by total immersion in a bath of tap water at roomtemperature (23 6 5C) for a period of 24 6 0.5 h. The water shall have a minimum conductivity of 100

22、 S/cm.7.4.1 In the case of tools capable of being field assembled, the water immersion shall be replaced by a storage at a relativehumidity between 91 % and 95 % at a temperature of 23 6 5C for 48 h. Tools shall not be assembled prior to conditioning.NOTE 3This humidity may be obtained by storage in

23、 a closed chamber which contains a saturated solution of sodium sulfate decahydrate Na2SO4 10H2O (Glaubers salt) having a large exposed surface.7.4.2 After this conditioning, wipe the tools dry and submit to the dielectric tests:7.4.3 Insulated ToolsImmerse the sample tool with its insulated part in

24、 a bath of tap water to a level of 24 6 2 mm (1 6 116in.) from the nearest non-insulated part. The conductive part shall be above water level (see Fig. 1215). The water shall have aminimum conductivity of 100 S/cm. The conductivity check shall be made before each Type or Batch test.7.4.3.1 Test plie

25、rs and similar tools in such a position that the gap “d” between the two inner sides of the insulated handles is2 to 3 mm (116 to 18 in.), or the minimum possible by the tools construction, but not less than 2 mm (116 in.) (see Fig. 1215).7.4.3.2 For tools capable of being field assembled, replace t

26、he water bath with a bath of 3 mm (18 in.) diameter nickel stainlesssteel balls measured with normal industrial tolerances.7.4.3.3 Continuously apply a voltage of 10 kV (rms) at commercial power frequencies for 3 min and measure the leakagecurrent. This current shall be less than 1 mAfor 200 mm (8 i

27、n.) of coated tool. This corresponds to a maximum value of the leakagecurrent of: I = 5Lwhere:I = leakage current rounded to the upper value, mA, andL = coated developed length in m (rounded to the lower value in centimeters).NOTE 4Appendix X1 gives examples of calculations of the developed length o

28、f coating and the limits of acceptable leakage current.7.4.3.4 Test tools capable of being field assembled in all possible variations. Test tools with holding devices on both endpositions, if applicable. The test is considered passed if no electrical puncture, sparkover, or flashover occurs during t

29、he test period,and the limits of the leakage current are not exceeded.7.4.3.5 Dielectric Tests of Tools Capable of Being Assembled with Square Drives (see 4.10.3)In case of tools capable of beingassembled with square drives, the tools can be tested in separate parts, if the parts are assembled with

30、dummies described in Fig.1316. The dimensions and tolerances of the dummies shall be in accordance with Table 2. Dummy part 1 shall be assembled withfemale tool ends and dummy part 2 with male tool ends. On all single parts tested with dummies, the dielectric testing on theNOTE 1Dimensions in millim

31、etres.NOTE 2a = conductive working head,b = tap water bath,c = insulated part of the tool, andd = gap to be maintained between the two inner sides of the legs.FIG. 1215 Electrical Testing Device for Insulated Tools (see 7.4.3 and 7.4.3.1)F1505 1613complete assembly is not required. The test shall be

32、 considered successful if no electrical puncture, sparkover or flashover occursduring the test period, and if the limits of leakage current are not exceeded.7.4.4 Insulating ToolsDielectric Test Between the Working Head and the Handle (or Handles):7.4.4.1 Tools having a metallic working head shall b

33、e tested in accordance with 7.4.3.7.4.4.2 Tools Having No Exposed Metal PartsThe purpose of this test is to check the dielectric quality of the material usedfor the handles. Electrodes (see Fig. 143) of conductive tape, foil, or conductive paint 5-mm (316-in.) wide are placed on the surfaceof the ha

34、ndles at 24 6 2-mm (1516 6 116-in.) spacing.7.4.4.3 A voltage of 10 kV rms at commercial power frequencies shall be continuously applied for 3 min in accordance withTest Method D149 between each adjacent electrode. Measure the leakage current. The test is successful if no electrical punctureor flash

35、over occurs during the test period, and if the leakage current measured is less than 0.5 mA multiplied by the number ofspaces between the electrodes.7.5 Indentation Tests (for Insulated Tools):7.5.1 All parts of the insulated coating electrically tested in accordance with 7.4 shall pass this test. P

36、erform the test on the mostvulnerable part(s) for screwdrivers with insulated blades, and for other tools, at the external middle part of the handles.7.5.2 If the radius, r, at the test point is greater than or equal to 10 mm (38 in.), make the test with a test device in accordancewith Fig. 1517(a)

37、in a heating chamber with natural ventilation. The part of the mass, m, that contacts the test piece shall be astainless steel hemispheric nose piece of 5-mm (316-in.) diameter. The applied force F shall be 20 N (4.5 lbf).7.5.3 If the radius, r, at the test point is less than 10 mm (38 in.), use a r

38、od of 4-mm (316-in.) diameter at least 30-mm (1316-in.)length with the same force, F, of 20 N (4.5 lbf) placed at right angles to the tool axis (see Fig. 1517(b).(b).7.5.4 Position the tool in such a way that the insulating material coating at the test point is in a horizontal position.After setting

39、up the testing device, hold the arrangement in accordance with Practice D618 (2hsol70Csol20 %). At the end of the heatingtime and after a cooling period outside the chamber of 5 min, apply a voltage of 5 kV rms at commercial power frequenciescontinuously between the testing device and the conductive

40、 part of the tool for 3 min in accordance with Test Method D149. Thetest is successful if no electrical puncture, sparkover, or flashover occurs during the test period.7.6 Test for Adhesion of the Insulating Material Coating for Insulated Tools:7.6.1 ConditioningCondition the tools before the test i

41、n a heating chamber with normal ventilation at a temperature of 70 63C for 168 h in accordance with Test Method D149. Perform the following tests at room temperature between the third and fifthminute after removal from the heating chamber in accordance with Practice D618.7.6.2 Test on the Working He

42、adMake the test on the following tools: wrenches, that is, open-end, box-end, and adjustablewrenches; any other tool with a covered working head; and, tools capable of being assembled, except for pieces acting asscrewdrivers. The test may be carried out using either method in Fig. 1618 and Fig. 1719

43、 respectively.NOTE 1Left figureDummy part 1 to be used with female tool ends.Right figureDummy part 2 to be used with male tool ends.Dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 1316 Description of Dummies for Electrical Tests for Tools Capable of Being Assembled with Square Drives (see 7.4.3.5)TABLE 2 Dimensions

44、 and Tolerances for Dummies to be used for Dielectric TestsANOTE 1Dimensions in millimetres.Nominal size L1 0.1 L2 0.1 E1 0.05 D1 0.05 D2 0.05 D3 0.056.3 19 16 8.4 11 14.5 16.510 19 16 12.7 16 19.5 21.512.5 19 16 16.9 29 23.5 25.520 19 16 25.4 30.5 34.5 35.6AL1, L2, E 1, D1, D2 and D3 are described

45、in Fig. 1316F1505 16147.6.2.1 Test Method A (see Fig. 1618)Place a hook having a cutting edge of 5-mm (316-in.) width in such a manner that it doesnot touch the conductive part. Apply a force, F, of 50 N (11.25 lbf) in the direction of the line dividing the insulating materialcoating from the conduc

46、tive part for 3 min.7.6.2.2 Test Method B (see Fig. 1719)Place a device having the cutting edges, each of 5-mm (316-in.) width, on the workinghead in such a manner that they do not touch the conductive part. Apply a force, F , of 100 N (22.4 lbf) in the direction of thedividing line of the insulatin

47、g material coating and the conductive part for 3 min.7.6.2.3 Either test is considered passed if the insulating material coating does not move more than 3 mm (18 in.) from its initiallocation on the conductive part, and if there is no breakage of the insulating material.7.6.3 Test on the Insulation

48、of the Blade of Screwdrivers:7.6.3.1 Perform the test on a screwdriver with the testing apparatus as shown in Fig. 1820. The penetration depth of the cuttingedges of the testing apparatus shall not exceed 50 % of the thickness, t, of the insulating material coating. Place the cutting edgeson the bla

49、de insulation 10 to 15 mm (38 to 58 in.) from the point where the blade emerges from the handle or from the body ofthe tools capable of being assembled acting as screwdrivers.7.6.3.2 If the cutting edges slide on the insulation, it is permissible to cut a groove up to 50 % of the thickness into the bladeinsulation to prevent movement.7.6.3.3 The force, F, in Newtons shall be equal to 35 times the blade diameter or 35 times the greatest dimension of the bladecross section in millimetre