1、Designation: F 1515 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Light Stability of Resilient Flooring by ColorChange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theresistance of resilient floor covering to color
3、 change fromexposure to light over a specified period of time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica
4、-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD 4459
5、Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Indoor ApplicationsE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparat
6、usfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 DIN Standard:DIN 53384 Artificial Weathering and Aging of Plastics byExposure to Laboratory UV Radiation Sources, April19893. Summary of Practice3.1 Specimens are exposed continuously at a controlledtemperature and humidity to a properly filtered xenon-arc
7、radiant-energy source. The filters selected are to simulateindoor exposure conditions behind window glass. See PracticeD 4459.3.2 To ensure uniform exposure, the specimens are mountedon a cylindrical framework that rotates around the xenon lampsuspended in the center.3.3 The effect of radiation (act
8、inic and thermal) on thespecimen shall be the color difference between the specimenbefore and after exposure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymermaterials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufac-turing and decorating processes. The polymer materia
9、l may becompounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and otheringredients for processability and product performance char-acteristics. The formulation of the compound can be variedconsiderably depending on the desired performance character-istics and methods of processing.4.2 Light stability,
10、 which is resistance to discoloration fromlight, is a basic requirement for functional use.4.3 This test method provides a means of measuring theamount of color change in flooring products when subjected toaccelerated light exposure over a period of time (functional useof the flooring product).4.4 T
11、his test method specifies that a sample is measured bya spectrophotometer and expressed in DE* units before andafter accelerated light exposure.NOTE 1It is the intent that this test method be used for testing lightstability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooringspecifications.
12、5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus employed shall utilize either a water-cooled or air-cooled xenon-arc lamp as the source of radiationand should be of Type AH, BH, or E as described in PracticesD 2565 or G 155.5.1.1 Type AHAn exposure apparatus in which the sourceof radiant energy shall be a water-coole
13、d xenon-arc verticallylocated at the central axis of either a 20-in. (508-mm) diametervertical specimen rack, or of a 25.5-in. (648-mm) diameterinclined rack. Means shall be provided to control temperature,1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings a
14、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1515 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orconta
15、ct ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.relative humidity, and
16、spectral irradiance. The specimen rackshall rotate at approximately 1 rpm.5.1.2 Type BHAn exposure apparatus in which the sourceof radiant energy shall be a water-cooled xenon-arc verticallylocated at the central axis of a 37.75-in. (960-mm) diameterinclined or vertical specimen rack. Means shall be
17、 provided tocontrol temperature, relative humidity and spectral irradiance.The specimen rack shall rotate at approximately 1 rpm.5.1.3 Type EAn exposure apparatus in which the sourceof radiant energy shall be three air-cooled xenon-arc lampsoperating simultaneously at a nominal 4500 watts each. Thel
18、amps shall be located within a central core, which shall bepositioned at the center of a 610-mm (24.1-in.) diameterspecimen rack. Means shall be provided to control temperature,relative humidity, and irradiance intensity. The specimen rackshall rotate around the light source.NOTE 2Type AH, Type BH,
19、and Type E may not yield equivalentresults.5.2 Xenon Light SourceThe xenon light source consists ofa quartz-jacketed burner tube charged with xenon gas.5.3 Glass FiltersTable 1 shows the relative spectralpower distribution limits of xenon-arcs filtered for simulating abehind window-glass exposure. F
20、or water-cooled xenon, aninner borosilicate-glass cylinder is used in combination with asoda-lime-glass outer cylinder to selectively screen radiationoutput. For air-cooled xenon, the filters shall be an infrared(IR) reflecting inner glass filter, quartz middle filter, and asoda-lime-glass outer fil
21、ter.5.4 Light MonitorThe light monitor shall be capable ofmeasuring spectral irradiance at either 340 nm (water-cooled)or at 300400 nm (air-cooled) incident to the specimen.5.5 Black Panel Temperature (BPT) SensorA black-coated stainless steel panel, as specified in Practice G 155,should be used as
22、the standard reference to control testtemperature. (Alternative devices such as the Black StandardThermometer (BST) described in DIN 53384 may be used. TheBST equivalent to the BPT = 145F (63C) has been found tobe approximately 153F (67C).5.6 A suitable spectrophotometer or colorimeter with aminimum
23、 0.25-in. (6.35-mm) diameter opening having bothcool white fluorescent (CWF) and daylight (D-65) light sourcesthat measure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10 StandardObserver and specular included. When an individual colorcannot be totally covered within the 0.25 in. spectrophotometeropening, then
24、 the largest spectrophotometer opening shall beused. See Test Method D 2244.6. Hazards6.1 Check to be sure the apparatus is operating properly atthe start of each test. Check the lamp condition at weeklyintervals to be sure that the burner tube and optical filters areclean and that they have not exc
25、eeded the maximum recom-mended period of use.6.2 Be sure specimens are held flat when measuring color.7. Procedure7.1 The test specimens shall be flat and of uniform thick-ness. Dimensions are not critical. However, the specimensshould be capable of fitting the exposure rack and covering theaperture
26、 (usually 2.0 in. by 2.0 in. (50.8 mm by 50.8 mm) ofthe color-measuring apparatus used.7.2 For each exposure time cut three specimens or cut onespecimen and mark three test areas from each sample. Allspecimens shall be of similar color, pattern and texture.NOTE 3White, monochromatic, flat material i
27、s preferred for testing.7.3 Obtain and record initial L*, a*, and b* readings on eachof the three specimens or areas with the color measuringequipment before placing in the xenon-arc test apparatus. Markthe exact area of the measurement for future location in thecolor measurement equipment.7.4 Progr
28、am the instrument to operate in the continuouslight-on mode without water spray at an irradiance equivalentto 0.30 W/m2at 340 nm (that is, 37 W/m2at 300 nm to 400nm). Place the black panel sensor and specimens on thespecimen rack preferably toward the center of the test chamberand fill the remaining
29、 vacancies with non-UV reflecting blanks,for example, gray card stock.7.4.1 Control black-panel temperature at 145F 6 4F(63C 6 2C) (water cooled) or BST at 153F 6 4F (67C 62C) (air cooled).7.4.2 Control the relative humidity at 55 6 5%.7.5 Expose the specimens to be tested for 100 h, 200 h, 300h and
30、 400 h.7.6 Remove the specimens from the test apparatus andrecondition at 73.4F (23C) for 1 h.7.7 Within 24 h after reconditioning, obtain final L*, a*, b*and calculate DE* readings on each specimen at the markedposition using the color measuring equipment. Use either thecool white fluorescent (CWF)
31、 or daylight (D-65) light source.If during testing localized spotting is noted, additional sampletesting is advised. However, judgment of color change will stillbe based upon DE* value.8. Reporting8.1 Record the light source used for measurement.8.2 Record initial and final L*, a*, b* and DE* values
32、 foreach specimen and report the individual and average DE*values.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy evaluating the color stability of resilient vinyl flooring tothe effects of exposure to light was run in 19911993. Sixlaboratories tested three categories of
33、 an experimental un-printed resilient sheet flooring structure having a 0.010 in.TABLE 1 Sunlight Behind Window Glass Simulation RelativeSpectral Irradiance for Xenon-Arc Output as Percentage ofIrradiance at 300 nmBandpass (nm) All Xenon-ArcsA290300 0.1300320 2.7320340 10.0 6 4.5340360 23.0 6 1.5360
34、380 33.0 6 2.5380400 40.3 6 4.8AXenon-Arc data presented is based on filter systems currently available. If filtersystems are developed that produce a closer simulation of daylight behind windowglass, this table will be revised to consider these developments.F 1515 03 (2008)2(0.254 mm) transparent t
35、op layer containing varying levels ofstabilizers. Exposure to xenon lighting for 100, 200, 300 and400 h was used to provide an accelerated light aging environ-ment. Color measurements were made under daylight (D-65)and cool white fluorescent (CWF) illumination. Each categorylevel contained four test
36、 specimens randomly drawn from themaster batch of material prepared by a single manufacturingsite. Practice E 691 was followed for the design and analysis ofthe data, the details of the test program are contained in anASTM research report.3This data was conducted utilizing onlywater-cooled xenon.9.2
37、 Test ResultsThe terms repeatability limit and repro-ducibility limit are used as specified in Practice E 177. Theprecision information has been summarized in Table 2 andTable 3. There is a mixture of constancy and proportionalitywhen the 2.8s indices are compared throughout the test range.It should
38、 be noted that in this study measurement of colorchange correlated with the various levels of stabilization. Allcategories exhibit constancy in performance at 100, 200 and300 h exposure. At 400 h exposure, categories B however, category C shows divergencebehavior.9.3 PrecisionA comparison of standar
39、d deviations showsthe reproducibility value to be approximately 3 to 9 timesgreater than the corresponding repeatability value. Repeatabil-ity within a laboratory is better than reproducibility betweenlaboratories.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material,method, or laboratory suitable f
40、or determining the bias for theprocedure in this test method for measuring the light induceddiscoloration in vinyl resilient flooring, no statement on bias isbeing made.10. Keywords10.1 accelerated test; light resistance; light stability; resil-ient flooring; spectrophotometer3Supporting data have b
41、een filed atASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR F06-1003.TABLE 2 Daylight (D-65)MaterialStabilizationLevelDE* AverageRepeatabilityStandard DeviationRepeatability LimitReproducibilityStandard DeviationReproducibilityLimit100 hours xenonB High 2.310 0.221 0.619 0.769
42、2.153A Medium 3.143 0.125 0.350 0.959 2.685C Low 3.793 0.111 0.311 1.092 3.058200 hours xenonB High 3.468 0.120 0.336 1.002 2.806A Medium 3.932 0.158 0.442 1.087 3.044C Low 4.089 0.178 0.498 1.046 2.929300 hours xenonB High 3.169 0.171 0.479 1.249 3.497A Medium 3.699 0.163 0.456 1.120 3.136C Low 3.1
43、46 0.630 1.764 0.806 2.257400 hours xenonB High 3.154 0.331 0.927 0.867 2.428A Medium 3.500 0.242 0.678 0.916 2.565C Low 4.617 0.886 2.481 3.056 8.557TABLE 3 Cool White Fluorescent (CWF)MaterialStabilizationLevelDE* AverageRepeatabilityStandard DeviationRepeatability LimitReproducibilityStandard Dev
44、iationReproducibilityLimit100 hours xenonB High 2.514 0.175 0.490 0.883 2.472A Medium 3.514 0.135 0.378 1.093 3.060C Low 4.244 0.127 0.356 1.214 3.399200 hours xenonB High 3.857 0.123 0.344 1.178 3.298A Medium 4.369 0.143 0.400 1.269 3.553C Low 4.535 0.278 0.778 1.172 3.281300 hours xenonB High 3.55
45、7 0.175 0.490 1.441 4.035A Medium 4.132 0.143 0.400 1.291 3.615C Low 3.395 0.484 1.355 0.837 2.344400 hours xenonB High 3.405 0.253 0.708 1.133 3.172A Medium 3.945 0.294 0.823 0.991 2.775C Low 4.641 0.900 2.520 2.871 8.039F 1515 03 (2008)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
46、of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject t
47、o revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.
48、 Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is
49、copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1515 03 (2008)4
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