ASTM F1550-2016 Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Components or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture for Use in Correctional Facilitin.pdf

1、Designation: F1550 10F1550 16Standard Test Method forDetermination of Fire-Test-Response Characteristics ofComponents or Composites of Mattresses or Furniture forUse in Correctional Facilities after Exposure to Vandalism,by Employing a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter1This standard is issue

2、d under the fixed designation F1550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change si

3、nce the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIn correctional occupancies, vandalism of mattresses or furniture occurs with significant frequency.After such vandalism, it is possible that the filling material (foam or other padding) of the mattress orfurniture becomes exposed. If the mattress or f

4、urniture filling material is exposed, it is possible for aproduct which meets prescribed fire-test-response characteristics in its intact state to perform in adecidedly less satisfactory manner. This standard test method provides a means for measuring, inbench scale, fire-test-response characteristi

5、cs of composite upholstered components of mattresses orfurniture, for use in correctional facilities, after having been vandalized in a prescribed manner so asto expose the filling material, using an oxygen consumption calorimeter.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response test method is designed for use t

6、o determine various fire-test-response characteristics, includingignitability and heat release rate, from composites of mattresses or furniture, or correctional facilities, which have been vandalizedin a prescribed manner to expose the filling material, by using a bench scale oxygen consumption calo

7、rimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurements of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release,and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m2. See 5.7 for limitations.1.3 The apparatus used in this test method is als

8、o capable of determining heat release data at different initial test heat fluxes.1.4 The specimen is oriented horizontally and a spark ignition source is used.1.5 All fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and the procedures described inTest Method E1354.1.6 The tests

9、are done on bench-scale specimens combining the mattress or furniture outer layer components. Frame elementsare not included.1.7 The vandalism is simulated by causing a prescribed cut on the outer layer of the composite, deep enough to expose the fillingmaterial to the incident radiation.1.8 The val

10、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all

11、 factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establis

12、h appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific safety precautions, see Section 7.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on Detention and Correctional Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility

13、of Subcommittee F33.05 onFurnishings and Equipment.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010June 1, 2016. Published January 2011June 2016. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asF1550 05.F1550 10. DOI: 10.1520/F1550-10.10.1520/F1550-16.This document is not an ASTM stan

14、dard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all case

15、s only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous.Adequate safeguards for personnel and p

16、roperty shall be employed in conducting thesetests.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1474 Test

17、Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or CompositesUsing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption CalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire Sa

18、fetyVocabularyISO 4880 Burning Behavior of Textiles and Textile ProductsVocabulary2.3 California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation Standards:4CA Technical Bulletin 129 (October 1992), Flammability Test Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 (Jan

19、uary 1991). Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with fire issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology E176 and in ISO 13943. In case of conflic

20、t, the terminology in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with textile issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology D123 and in ISO 4880. In case of conflict, the terminology in Terminology D123 shall prevail.3.2 Definitio

21、ns of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 effective heat of combustion, nmeasured heat release divided by the mass loss for a specified time period.3.2.2 heat release rate, nheat evolved from the specimen, expressed per unit area of exposed specimen area per unit of time.3.2.3 heatingheat flux, np

22、rescribed incident flux imposed externally from the heater onto the specimen at theheat transfer toa surface per unit area, per unit time (see also initiation of the test.initial test heat flux).3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe heat flux from an energy source, such as a radiant heater, can be measured at the i

23、nitiation of a test (such as Test MethodE1354) and then reported as the initial test heat flux, with the understanding that the burning of the test specimen can generateadditional heat flux to the specimen surface. The heat flux can also be measured at any time during a fire test, on any surface, an

24、dwith measurement devices responding to radiative and convective fluxes. Typical units are kW/m2, W/cm2, or BTU/(s ft2).3.2.4 ignitability, npropensity for ignition, as measured by the time to sustained flaming at a specified heating flux.3.2.5 initial test heat flux, nthe heat flux set on the test

25、apparatus at the initiation of the test (see also heat flux).3.2.6 mattress, nmattress is a ticking (outermost layer of fabric or related material) filled with a resilient material used aloneor in combination with other products intended or promoted for sleeping upon.3.2.7 net heat of combustion, no

26、xygen bomb calorimeter value for the heat of combustion, corrected for the gaseous state ofproduct water.3.2.8 orientation, nplane in which the exposed face of the specimen is located during testing, which is horizontal facing upfor this test.3.2.9 oxygen consumption principle, nexpression of the re

27、lationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released.3.2.10 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of 4 s or more.3.2.11 upholstered, ncovered with material (as fabric or padding) to provide a soft surface.2 For refe

28、rencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO),

29、1 rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.4 Available from California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation, State of California, Department of ConsumerAffairs, 3485 Orange GroveAvenue, NorthHighlands, CA 95660-5595.F1550 1624. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test

30、method is based on the observation that, generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to the amount ofoxygen required for combustion (1).5 Approximately 13.1 103 kJ of energy are released as heat for each kg of oxygen consumed.Specimens in the test are burned in ambient air conditions,

31、while being subjected to a prescribed external heating initial test heatflux of 35 kW/m2.4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement of the oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen concentrationand the flow rate in the combustion product stream, as described in Test Method E1354.4.3

32、 The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust gas flow rate, used to calculate heat release. Additionalmeasurements include the mass loss rate of the specimen, the time to sustained flaming, and the effective heat of combustion.Ignitability is determined by measuring the time for in

33、itial exposure to time of sustained flaming of the specimen.4.4 In order to simulate vandalism, the outer layers of the composite to be tested are cut across the surface, in the form of anX, to expose the interior filling material.4.5 The procedure in this test method is identical to that in Test Me

34、thod E1474, except for the slashing of the surface of thespecimen prior to testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to determine various fire-test-response characteristics, including the time to sustainedflaming and the heat release rate, of composites exposed to a prescr

35、ibed initial test heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus, afterthey have been vandalized in a prescribed manner, to expose the filling material.5.2 It is clearly impossible to predict the manner in which a mattress or furniture will be vandalized. The objective of this testmethod is to develop

36、data indicating the effect of violating the integrity of the fabric (or fabric-interliner) protection and exposingthe padding to the source of heat (see Appendix X3).5.3 Quantitative heat release measurements provide information which is useful for product design and product development,for mattress

37、es or furniture destined for correctional occupancies.5.4 Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by giving a quantitative measure of specificchanges in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this method will not

38、bepredictive of product behavior if the product will not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest.5.5 The use of test specimens simulating vandalism allows the investigation of the variation in response between the system asdesigned by the manufacturer and the way

39、 the system is occasionally present in actual use, with the filling material exposed to theincident energy.5.6 This test method allows alternative strategies to be employed for producing a product (mattress or upholstered furniture)with the required fire-test-response characteristics for the scenari

40、o under consideration.5.7 Limitations:5.7.1 The test data are invalid if any of the events in 5.7.1.1 or 5.7.1.2 occur.5.7.1.1 Explosive spalling.5.7.1.2 The specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug or swells up to the plane of the heater baseduring combustion.5.7.2 Thi

41、s test method is not applicable to ignition by cigarettes, or by any other smoldering source.5.7.3 The ignition source in this test method is a radiant energy source of relatively high intensity (35 kW/m2 incident initialtest heat flux). It has been shown that this source models well, for furniture

42、composites, a full scale source equivalent to five sheetsof newspaper (2). It has also been shown that upholstered furniture and mattresses, particularly in public occupancies, are, onoccasion, involved in fires after exposure to flaming ignition sources, However, it is not known what fraction of ac

43、tual flamingmattress or furniture fires occur with ignitions more or less intense than the one modeled here.5.7.4 It is not known whether the results of this test method will be equally valid when it is carried out under conditions differentfrom the specified ones. In particular, it is unclear wheth

44、er the use of a different ignition source, or the same ignition source butat a different incident initial test heat flux, will change relative results.5.7.5 The value of heat release rate corresponding to the critical limit between propagating mattress fires and non-propagatingmattress fires is not

45、known.5.7.6 It is not known what fraction of the vandalism that occurs is represented by the prescribed model used in this standard.However, the method described here is adequate to address one of the major objectives of the standard, namely investigate theeffect of the exposed filling material on t

46、he fire-test-response characteristics of the composite.5 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.F1550 1636. Apparatus6.1 Use the apparatus described in Test Method E1354, also known as the cone calorimeter, for this test.7. Safety Precautions7

47、1 These test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes. Therefore, there is a potential hazard for burns,ignition of extraneous objects or clothing, and for inhalation of combustion products.7.2 The operator must use protective gloves for insertion and removal of the test specim

48、ens. The operator must refrain fromtouching either the cone heater or the associated fixtures while hot, except with the use of protective gloves.8. Test Specimen Preparation (Method A)8.1 Equipment and Supplies for Specimen Preparation (3):8.1.1 Cutting EquipmentCut foams with a band saw. Use a foa

49、m-cutting blade. This blade has no teeth. Instead, it has a wavyscallop to the edge. Ensure that the blade is well sharpened, and make certain that no silicones or other oils are applied to lubricatethe blade. Lubrication must be solely with graphite or molybdenum compounds. The band saw blade must make a straight and truecut of the foam; therefore, set the blade guide no higher than 12 mm above the stock to be cut.8.1.2 Forming BlocksThe specimen preparation rests crucially upon the proper use of forming blocks. These blocks are madein dimensions of 98 98