1、Designation: F1575 03 (Reapproved 2013)F1575 17Standard Test Method forDetermining Bending Yield Moment of Nails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment of nails when subjected to static
3、loading. Itis intended only for nails used in engineered connection applications, in which a required connection capacity is specified by thedesigner.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard
4、 does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard wa
5、s developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced
6、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE1470 Test Method for Characterization of Proteins by Electrophoretic Mobility (Withdrawn 2014)3F1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, and Staples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to T
7、his Standard:3.1.1 bending yield momentthe moment determined from the load-deformation curve that is intermediate between theproportional limit load and maximum load for the nail. It is calculated by the intersection of the load-deformation curve with aline represented by the initial tangent modulus
8、 offset 5 % of the fastener diameter.3.1.2 deformed shanka nail shank that has been mechanically deformed with annular rings, barbs, helical flutes, etc. for thepurpose of improved withdrawal capacity.3.1.2.1 fully deformed shanka nail shank that has deformation along the entire length.3.1.2.2 parti
9、ally deformed shanka nail shank that that has both smooth and deformed sections along the length.3.1.3 proportional limit loadis the load at which the load-deformation curve deviates from a straight line fitted to the initialportion of the load-deformation curve. (See Fig. 1)3.1.4 transition zonethe
10、 location of the transition from smooth shank to threadeddeformed shank on a partially deformed-shank nail.3.1.5 yield theorythe model for lateral load design values for dowel-type fasteners that specifically accounts for the differentways these connections behave under load. The capacity of the con
11、nection under each yield mode is determined by the bearingstrength of the material under the fastener and the bending strength of the fastener, with the lowest capacity calculated for thevarious yield modes being taken as the design load for the connection.1 This test method is under the jurisdictio
12、n ofASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.05 on Driven and Other Fasteners.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013March 15, 2017. Published March 2014April 2017. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asF1575 03(2008).(201
13、3). DOI: 10.1520/F1575-03R13.10.1520/F1575-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document i
14、s not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as approp
15、riate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United State
16、s14. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are evaluated to determine capacity to resist lateral bending loads applied at a constant rate of deformationwith a suitable testing machine. The load on the test specimen at various intervals of deformation is measured. Supplementaryphysical properties
17、of the test specimen are also determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 Nails are a common mechanical fastener in wood structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine the capacitiesof laterally-loaded nailed connections currently use a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance for lat
18、erally-loaded nailedconnections that are engineered. In order to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loaded nailed connections, the bendingyield moment must be known.FIG. 21 Example of Typical Load-Deformation Diagram from Nail Bending TestFIG. 12 Center-Point Bending Test for Load and Bear
19、ing Point Locations for Smooth Shank and Fully Deformed Shank NailsF1575 1726. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineAny suitable testing machine capable of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head andhaving an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accordance with PracticePractices E4.6.2 Cyli
20、ndrical Bearing PointsAny cylindrical metal member capable of supporting the test specimen during loading withoutdeforming, as shown in Fig. 13, and having diameter (Dd) = ) = 0.375 in.6.2.1 Cylindrical bearing points shall be free to rotate as the test specimen deforms.6.3 Cylindrical Load PointAny
21、 cylindrical metal member capable of loading the test specimen without deforming, as shownin Fig. 1Figs. 2-4, and having diameter (Dd) = 0.375 in.6.4 Recording DeviceAny device with at least a reading of 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and any suitable device for measuring theload on the test specimen during d
22、eformation.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representative test specimens that are appropriate to the objectives of the testing Testspecimens shall be randomly selected to represent the parent population of nails or wire from the manufacturing process. Aminimum of 15 specimens
23、shall be tested for each size or nail type.program.FIG. 4 Load and Bearing Point Location for Partially Deformed Shank Nails with Insufficient Smooth Shank LengthFIG. 3 Load and Bearing Point Locations for Partially Deformed Shank NailsF1575 1738. Specimens and Tests8.1 Tests for smooth shank nails
24、shall be performed on either the finished nail or a specimen of drawn wire stock from whichthe nail would be manufactured. Tests for deformed-shank nails shall be performed on the finished nail.8.2 Diameter MeasurementMeasure the actual diameter Diameter measurement of each test specimen at the midp
25、oint of itslength to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm). The nail diameter shall be defined as the diameter of the unthreaded shank for partiallydeformed-shank nails and shall be measured at the midpoint of the length of nail shank between nail head and transition zone.shalltake place as follows:8.2.1
26、 Smooth Shank NailsAt the midpoint of the shank length.8.2.2 Partially Deformed Shank NailsOn the smooth portion of the shank at the midpoint between nail head and transitionzone.8.2.3 Fully Deformed Shank NailThe diameter of a fully deformed shank nail cannot be accurately measured. Anymeasurement
27、across the deformed area of the shank will result in a diameter that differs from the wire stock used to manufacturethe nail. When this occurs the manufacturer shall provide representative wire samples from which the nails are manufactured formeasurement. This shall be noted in the test report.8.2.4
28、 All diameter dimensions shall be taken prior to the application of or after the removal of any coatings or finish and shallnot be measured across any gripper marks.8.2.5 Diameters shall be measured to within the nearest 0.001 in.8.3 Length MeasurementThe nail shall be long enough to prevent the nai
29、l head or point from bearing on the cylindrical nailsupports during application of load to the nail through the time when ultimatemaximum load is reached.9. Procedure9.1 Test Setup:9.1.1 Cylindrical bearing point spacing, sbp, shall be as indicated in Table 1.9.1.1.1 If nails are too short to meet t
30、his requirement and the nails receive no processing after forming that can affect fastenerbending yield strength, such as heat treating or thread rolling,shank deformation, the test shall be performed on wire from whichthe nail is made.9.1.1.2 If nails are too short to meet this requirement and rece
31、ive processing after forming that can affect fastener bending yieldstrength, such as heat treating or thread rolling,shank deformation, the nails shall be tested with the largest possible span and thespan and circumstances reported in the report.NOTE 1Experience indicates that test results are sensi
32、tive to large changes in bearing point spacing, sbp.9.1.2 The load for smooth shank and fully deformed shank nails shall be applied to the test specimen so that the center of thecylindrical load point is equidistant from the center of each cylindrical bearing point (sbp/2) as shown in Fig. 12.9.1.3
33、Deformed-shank Partially deformed-shank nails shall be placed on the cylindrical bearing points for testing so that thetransition zone between shank and thread is as close to the midpoint between the bearing points as possible. possible as shown inFig. 3.9.1.3.1 Exception: Only when the length of th
34、e smooth shank portion is insufficient for proper distance placement (sbp) of acylindrical bearing points or when a cylindrical bearing point will come in contact with the nail head, then both bearing points shallbe located in the deformed section of the shank with the center of the load being place
35、d midpoint of the thread length TL as shownin Fig. 4. This shall be noted in the test report.TABLE 1 Length Between Nail Bearing PointsNail Nominal Diameter (in.),tolerance per SpecificationF1667Length BetweenBearing Points (in.)sbp0.099 1.10.113 1.30.120 1.40.131 1.50.148 1.70.162 1.90.190 2.2Large
36、r than 0.190 11.5 times the nail diameter,rounded to the nearesttenth of an inchLength between bearing points for nails with diameters other than shownin Table 1are the lengths for the next smaller listed diameter.Length between bearing points for nails with diameters other than shownin Table 1 are
37、the lengths for the next smaller listed diameter.F1575 1749.2 Loading:9.2.1 The maximum constant rate of loading, rL, shall be as follows:rL 50.25 in./min9.2.2 The procedures described herein are for static loading. Procedures to evaluate nails for impact or cyclic loads are not apart of this test m
38、ethod.9.3 Load and Deformation MeasurementMeasure the applied load on and deformation of the test specimen from the initiationof load application and take readings of each at sufficiently frequent intervals to permit establishment of a satisfactoryload-deformation curve except as permitted in 9.3.1.
39、 Continue the loading until the ultimatemaximum load is reached and the loadcapacity begins to decrease.9.3.1 As an alternative to establishment of a load-deformation curve, initial tests shall be performed to establish a relationshipbetween ultimatemaximum load and the 5 % offset value in accordanc
40、e with 10.1. The ultimatemaximum load only shall then berecorded for subsequent tests.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 The bending yield moment is determined by fitting a straight line to the initial linear portion of the load-deformation curve,offsetting this line by a deformation equal to 5 % of
41、the nail diameter, and selecting the load at which the offset line intersects theload-deformation curve (see Fig. 21). In those cases where the offset line does not intersect the load-deformation curve, themaximum load shall be used as the yield load. The bending yield moment shall be the average of
42、 the specimens tested.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:The following shall be included in the report:11.1.1 Tabulated and plotted data on load-deformation relationships diagrams (see Fig. 1) or ultimatemaximum load and theultimate/5 %maximum/5 % offset load relationship in accordance
43、with 9.3.1,11.1.2 Physical description of the test specimen including diameter and threaddeformation characteristics for deformed-shanknails,11.1.3 Location of transition zone for partially deformed-shank nails between loadbearing points,11.1.4 Rate of loading, and11.1.5 Number of replicate tests.11
44、.1.6 Individual and average of test data points and calculations (dimensions, Fyb, My, etc.)12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not yet been determined.13. Keywords13.1 bending yield moment; fastener; nail; yield; yield theoryANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DERI
45、VATION OF BENDING YIELD STRENGTH DESIGN VALUES, FybA1.1 The nominal bending yield strength shall be determined by the following:Fyb5MySwhereFyb = nominal fastener yield strength, psi,S = effective plastic section modulus (in.3) for full plastic hinge (for circular, prismatic nails, S = D3/6, where D
46、 = naildiameter), andMy = calculated moment based on test load, in.-lbP sbp/4F1575 175My 5P sbp/4whereP = test load as determined from load-deformation curve, as shown in Fig. 2 or as specified in 9.3.1, lb, andsbp = cylindrical bearing point spacing as shown in 9.1.1, in.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Infor
47、mation)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This is a test method to evaluate bending yield moment of nails for design and is not intended to be a nail manufacturingtest procedure for quality control. This test method provides a means for determining bending yield strength, FybD, so that thesupplier/manufacturer is a
48、ware of the full requirements for the product being provided.X1.2 In accordance with 6.2 and 6.3, preliminary studies indicate that loading head and support diameters do not show asignificant radius effect on material properties. The diameter shown in this test method is based on one of the larger n
49、ails produced,with a 38-in. diameter.X1.3 In accordance with 7.1, the number of samples to test to provide for a representative selection should be agreed upon by thenail manufacturer and customer. Guide E1470 provides guidance in this area.X1.3 Centers of the cylindrical bearing points shall remain in the specified position (spacing) during testing. This can beaccomplished by using a jig described in The Testing of Improved Nails, ASTM Materials Research and Standards.3X1.4 In accordance with 9.2.1, the 0.25-in./min load rate shown in this test method is
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