ASTM F1587-2012 Standard Specification for Head and Face Protective Equipment for Ice Hockey Goaltenders《冰球守门员头部和面部防护设备的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F1587 12Standard Specification forHead and Face Protective Equipment for Ice HockeyGoaltenders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIce hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic hazards. The use of protective equipment will noteliminate all injuries but s

3、hould substantially reduce the severity and frequency of many injuries.Participation in the sport of ice hockey by a player implies acceptance of some risk of injury. The goalis to reduce the risk.This performance specification for ice hockey goaltender head and face protective equipment hasbeen pre

4、pared after consideration of head and face protection relative to the following principle risks:high-mass/low-velocity impact with respect to head protection, low-mass/high-velocity with respect toface protection (various playing situations), and fit. This performance specification may be modifiedas

5、 other risks are identified.Performance requirements were determined after consideration of the state of the art of head andface protective design and manufacture. This specification was developed to address the uniquedemands and hazards associated with the position of ice hockey goaltender.Two type

6、s of protectors are designated. Both types are subject to impact resistance and shockattenuation requirements. Type I protectors are subject to hockey stick blade penetration resistancerequirements over their entire area of coverage. Type II protectors are subject to hockey puckpenetration resistanc

7、e requirements within the area of the field of vision and hockey stick bladepenetration resistance requirements over the remainder of the area of coverage. It is recommended thatType II protectors be used only by players 18 years of age and older.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification2covers per

8、formancerequirements for ice hockey goaltender head and face protec-tors.1.2 The intent of this performance specification is to reducethe risk of injury to the head and face of ice hockey goaltenderswithout compromising the form and appeal of the game.1.3 This specification has requirements for: (1)

9、 materials,assembly, and design; (2) protected areas (coverage) andpenetration resistance; (3) shock absorption; (4) puck impactresistance; (5) extensibility and strength of the chin strap andits attachment; and (6) optical quality.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the stan

10、dard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl

11、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.15 onIce Hockey.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 201

12、2. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1587 99 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/F1587-12.2This performance specification is subject to revision as indicated by subsequentinjury statistics and subject to review at least every five years.3For referenced ASTM

13、 standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

14、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness2.2 CSA Standard:CSA Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Head-forms42.3 CEN Standard:BS EN 960:2006 Headforms for Use in the Testing ofProtective Helmets53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific

15、 to This Standard:3.1.1 acceleration, a, of a body, nacceleration measuredin metres per second squared.3.1.1.1 acceleration of a body as a result of gravity, nrateof change in velocity of a body that is subjected to gravity inunits of g where g = 9.8 m/s2.3.1.1.2 acceleration, maximum, amax,nhighest

16、 point onthe acceleration-time curve encountered during impact mea-sured in units of g.3.1.2 backplate, nsection of a goaltenders mask thatcovers the posterior of the wearers head in a style of protectorin which a front section and a rear section of the protectormove relative to each other for the w

17、earer to put on or removethe protector.3.1.3 central vertical axis, nline relative to the headformthat lies in the median plane of symmetry and is normal to thebasic plane at a point equidistant from the front and back of theheadform.3.1.4 chip, nreadily visible particle missing from theprotector wi

18、th an area bigger than 9 mm2.3.1.5 collimated light source (source of illumination),nquartz halogen lamp (17 lux) producing a 100-mm beam ata 6-m distance that is centered on the pupils of the eyes of theheadform or the midpoint between the pupils of the eyes of theheadform; this centering is mainta

19、ined at all times during theoptical quality test.3.1.6 combination, ncombined unit of a face protectorplaced on a head protector with which it is designed to be used.3.1.7 computer interface, nlinkage between the computer,the goniometer, and the sensors that enables a fully automatedmeasurement proc

20、ess via a menu-driven operation during theoptical quality test.3.1.8 drop height, nvertical distance between the lowestpoint (impact point) of the elevated mask and the apex of theimpact surface.3.1.9 face protector, nprotector, either specially adaptedto a helmet or forming a continuous unit, that

21、is designed toprotect the wearers head and face, or parts thereof, againstinjury.3.1.10 fastening system, ndevices used to connect thecomponents of a helmet.3.1.11 goaltender mask, nface protector intended forgoaltenders that consists of: (1) a front portion to cover part ofthe face and jaw, (2) a c

22、overing for the eyes and face (faceprotector), and (3) a backplate.3.1.12 goniometer, npositioning device that moves theheadform such that the angular rotation and movement in boththe horizontal and vertical directions enable a spherical scan tobe made of the fields of vision as seen through a face

23、protectoror visor.3.1.13 helmet, ndevice worn on the head that is intendedto reduce the risk of head injury to ice hockey participants.Helmets can include: (1) a shock-attenuating system, (2) aretention system, and (3) manufacturers attachments.3.1.14 helmet-positioning index, HPI, nvertical distanc

24、emeasured at the median plane from the front edge of the helmetto the reference plane when the helmet is placed on thereference headform. In the case of a mask with an opening inwhich a face protector is attached, the top front edge of theopening shall be used.3.1.15 impact sites:3.1.15.1 non-prescr

25、ibed, advany impact site, except thesix prescribed sites, on or above the test line and at least onefifth of the circumference of the headform from any priorimpact site.3.1.15.2 prescribed, advsee Fig. 1.(1) front, advlocated on the median plane and 50 mmabove the anterior intersection of the median

26、 and referenceplanes.4Available from the Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON M9W 1R3 Canada.5Available from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W44AL United Kingdom.NOTEThe impact direction is perpendicular to the surface of theheadform for all impact sites

27、.FIG. 1 Prescribed Impact SitesF1587 122(2) front boss, npoint on a plane 45 in a clockwisedirection from the anterior intersection of the median andreference planes and 25 mm above the reference plane.(3) side, nlocated on the frontal plane and 25 mm abovethe point of intersection of the reference

28、plane and the frontalplane.(4) rear boss, npoint on a plane 135 in a clockwisedirection from the anterior intersection of the median andreference planes on the reference plane. If the protector is amask with a back plate, the impact shall be delivered on theback plate, 19 mm from any edge.(5) rear,

29、npoint at the posterior intersection of the medianand reference planes.(6) crown, npoint at the intersection of the median andfrontal planes.3.1.15.3 puck impact sites, nfor testing face protectors,see Fig. 2.(1) side impact, npoint halfway between the mouth leveland the eye level in the horizontal

30、plane, 25 to the medianplane and in the direction of the axis formed by the intersectionof the median plane and the frontal plane.(2) eye impact, npoint in the horizontal plane 25 to themedian plane and in the direction of the eye.(3) mouth impact, npoint in the intersection between thehorizontal pl

31、ane and the median plane in the direction of thecenter of the mouth.3.1.16 laser, nluminous device used for alignment of thesensors.3.1.17 liner, nmaterial inside the shell for the purpose ofshock absorption or comfortable fit or both.3.1.18 model, ncategory of products that have the sameessential c

32、haracteristics (essential characteristics include mate-rials, dimensions, construction, retention system, and protec-tive padding).3.1.19 natural frequency, nfrequency at which a systemwill tend to oscillate when displaced from its static equilibriumposition.3.1.20 neck strap, nstrap that is affixed

33、 to the two sides ofthe helmet and passes under the mandible in close proximity tothe neck.3.1.21 no-contact zone, ndesignated zone of the headformwhere contact is not permitted during the puck impact resis-tance test (see 4.8 and Fig. 3).3.1.22 orbit, nthe bony cavity containing the eyeball andothe

34、r associated tissues.3.1.23 outer covering (shell), nouter material that givesthe mask its form.3.1.24 peripheral field of vision, nprojection outward ofall retinal points (the nervous layer of the eye) at which visualsensations can be initiated (Fig. 4).3.1.24.1 inferior (downward), advangle in the

35、 verticalplane measured downward from the horizontal plane.3.1.24.2 nasal, advangle in the horizontal plane measuredfrom the primary position of gaze to the left for the right eyeand from the primary position of gaze to the right for the lefteye.3.1.24.3 superior (upward), advangle in the vertical p

36、lanemeasured upward from the horizontal plane.3.1.24.4 temporal, advangle in the horizontal plane mea-sured from the primary position of gaze to the right for the righteye and from the primary position of gaze to the left for the lefteye.3.1.25 permanent marking, ninformation that remainslegible and

37、 cannot be removed in its entirety under conditionsof normal use (see Section 7).3.1.26 photosensors, nsensors 5 mm in diameter centeredin the pupils of the headform covered by a 5-mm translucentlens of 8-mm radius of curvature, convex forward.3.1.26.1 Discussion(1) The photosensors are cosine cor-r

38、ected, for example, provided with diffusing covers that are ameans of correcting the light-sensitive surface for wide anglesof incidence. (2) Light contact with the sensors produces anelectrical signal that is fed into a computer interface.3.1.27 planes, nsee Fig. 5.3.1.27.1 basic plane of the human

39、 head, nplane that islocated at the level of the external upper borders of the earcanal (external auditory meatus) and the inferior margins of theorbits of the eyes.3.1.27.2 basic plane of a headform, nplane relative to theheadform that corresponds to the basic plane of the humanhead.3.1.27.3 fronta

40、l plane, nvertical plane that is perpendicu-lar to the median and reference planes and passes through thetop of the headform.3.1.27.4 horizontal plane, nplane that passes across thehead at right angles to both the frontal and median plane.1 Median plane2 Face protector3 Side impact site4 Mouth impac

41、t site5 Eye impact site6 Frontal planeFIG. 2 Puck Impact Sites for Testing Face ProtectorsF1587 1233.1.27.5 median plane, nvertical plane that passesthrough the headform from front to back and divides theheadform into right and left halves.3.1.27.6 reference plane, nconstruction plane parallel tothe

42、 basic plane of the headform at a distance from it which isa function of the size of the headform.3.1.28 primary position of gaze, nline running forwardfrom the center of the pupil parallel to the median andhorizontal planes.3.1.29 protector, ncomprises a face protector either spe-cially adapted to

43、the helmet or forming a continuous unitdesigned to protect the whole or parts of the wearers head andface against injury.3.1.30 retention system, nsystem that secures the helmetfirmly to the head, when adjusted according to the manufac-turers instructions, by passing under the mandible in whole orin

44、 part.3.1.31 scan area, noval area specified by superior, tem-poral, inferior, and nasal directions.3.1.32 scotomata, nblind spot in the field of vision.3.1.33 spherical impactor, ndevice made of low-resonance material that couples mechanically with the ball armconnector of a monorail drop assembly

45、and is used forcalibration of a monorail drop assembly.3.1.33.1 DiscussionLow-resonance material includesmagnesium, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.3.1.34 subnasale, Sn, ndeepest point on the concavity ofthe anterior surface of the maxilla in the midline, within 3.0mm of the floor of the nose (s

46、ee Fig. 6).3.1.35 support assembly, ndrop assembly in the monorailsystem minus the weight of the headform, ball arm, ball clamp,ball clamp bolts, and accelerometer.Facially Featured Headform(according to CSA Z262.6-02)Dimensions (mm)ABCDEFAdult (50th percentile) 48 16 28 17 36 68Juvenile 60 0 25 0 3

47、6 60Child 55 0 23 0 35 55FIG. 3 No-Contact Zone (Projected Dimensions)FIG. 4 Peripheral Field of VisionFIG. 5 Orientation PlanesF1587 1243.1.36 test area, narea on and above the test line where animpact site is located.3.1.37 test line, nline that defines the boundaries of thetest area.3.1.38 thresh

48、old value, noutput reading obtained whenthe collimated light beam has been centered on the midpointbetween the pupils in the primary position of gaze.3.1.38.1 DiscussionThe headform is rotated 90 in thehorizontal plane, and the collimated light source contacts thepupillary sensor closest to the ligh

49、t source.3.1.39 types of protectors:3.1.39.1 Type I, nCombination head and face protectorsthat meet requirements for ice hockey stick blade penetrationover the entire area of coverage.3.1.39.2 Type II, nCombination head and face protectorsthat meet the requirements for ice hockey puck penetrationresistance over the area of the field of vision and the require-ments for ice hockey stick blade penetration resistance over theremainder of the area of coverage.4. Requirements4.1 GeneralA goaltender mask s