1、Designation: F1587 12aStandard Specification forHead and Face Protective Equipment for Ice HockeyGoaltenders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONIce hockey is a contact sport with intrinsic hazards. The use of protective equipment will noteliminate all injuries but
3、should substantially reduce the severity and frequency of many injuries.Participation in the sport of ice hockey by a player implies acceptance of some risk of injury. The goalis to reduce the risk.This performance specification for ice hockey goaltender head and face protective equipment hasbeen pr
4、epared after consideration of head and face protection relative to the following principle risks:high-mass/low-velocity impact with respect to head protection, low-mass/high-velocity with respect toface protection (various playing situations), and fit. This performance specification may be modifieda
5、s other risks are identified.Performance requirements were determined after consideration of the state of the art of head andface protective design and manufacture. This specification was developed to address the uniquedemands and hazards associated with the position of ice hockey goaltender.Two typ
6、es of protectors are designated. Both types are subject to impact resistance and shockattenuation requirements. Type I protectors are subject to hockey stick blade penetration resistancerequirements over their entire area of coverage. Type II protectors are subject to hockey puckpenetration resistan
7、ce requirements within the area of the field of vision and hockey stick bladepenetration resistance requirements over the remainder of the area of coverage. It is recommended thatType II protectors be used only by players 18 years of age and older.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification2covers pe
8、rformancerequirements for ice hockey goaltender head and face protec-tors.1.2 The intent of this performance specification is to reducethe risk of injury to the head and face of ice hockey goaltenderswithout compromising the form and appeal of the game.1.3 This specification has requirements for: (1
9、) materials,assembly, and design; (2) protected areas (coverage) andpenetration resistance; (3) shock absorption; (4) puck impactresistance; (5) extensibility and strength of the chin strap andits attachment; and (6) optical quality.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the sta
10、ndard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
11、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.15 on Ice Hockey.Current edition
12、approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1587 12. DOI:10.1520/F1587-12A.2This performance specification is subject to revision as indicated by subsequentinjury statistics and subject to review at least every five years.3For
13、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
14、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-ness2.2 CSA Standard:CSA Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Head-forms42.3 CEN Standard:BS EN 960:2006 Headforms for Use in the Testing ofProtective Helmets53. Terminology3.1 Definitions
15、of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceleration, a, of a body, nacceleration measuredin metres per second squared.3.1.1.1 acceleration of a body as a result of gravity, nrateof change in velocity of a body that is subjected to gravity inunits of g where g = 9.8 m/s2.3.1.1.2 acceleration, maxim
16、um, amax,nhighest point onthe acceleration-time curve encountered during impact mea-sured in units of g.3.1.2 backplate, nsection of a goaltenders mask thatcovers the posterior of the wearers head in a style of protectorin which a front section and a rear section of the protectormove relative to eac
17、h other for the wearer to put on or removethe protector.3.1.3 central vertical axis, nline relative to the headformthat lies in the median plane of symmetry and is normal to thebasic plane at a point equidistant from the front and back of theheadform.3.1.4 chip, nreadily visible particle missing fro
18、m theprotector with an area bigger than 9 mm2.3.1.5 collimated light source (source of illumination),nquartz halogen lamp (17 lux) producing a 100-mm beam ata 6-m distance that is centered on the pupils of the eyes of theheadform or the midpoint between the pupils of the eyes of theheadform; this ce
19、ntering is maintained at all times during theoptical quality test.3.1.6 combination, ncombined unit of a face protectorplaced on a head protector with which it is designed to be used.3.1.7 computer interface, nlinkage between the computer,the goniometer, and the sensors that enables a fully automate
20、dmeasurement process via a menu-driven operation during theoptical quality test.3.1.8 drop height, nvertical distance between the lowestpoint (impact point) of the elevated mask and the apex of theimpact surface.3.1.9 face protector, nprotector, either specially adapted toa helmet or forming a conti
21、nuous unit, that is designed toprotect the wearers head and face, or parts thereof, againstinjury.3.1.10 fastening system, ndevices used to connect thecomponents of a helmet.3.1.11 goaltender mask, nface protector intended for goal-tenders that consists of: (1) a front portion to cover part of thefa
22、ce and jaw, (2) a covering for the eyes and face (faceprotector), and (3) a backplate.3.1.12 goniometer, npositioning device that moves theheadform such that the angular rotation and movement in boththe horizontal and vertical directions enable a spherical scan tobe made of the fields of vision as s
23、een through a face protectoror visor.3.1.13 helmet, ndevice worn on the head that is intendedto reduce the risk of head injury to ice hockey participants.Helmets can include: (1) a shock-attenuating system, (2) aretention system, and (3) manufacturers attachments.3.1.14 helmet-positioning index, HPI
24、, nvertical distancemeasured at the median plane from the front edge of the helmetto the reference plane when the helmet is placed on thereference headform. In the case of a mask with an opening inwhich a face protector is attached, the top front edge of theopening shall be used.3.1.15 impact sites:
25、3.1.15.1 non-prescribed, advany impact site, except thesix prescribed sites, on or above the test line and at least onefifth of the circumference of the headform from any priorimpact site.3.1.15.2 prescribed, advsee Fig. 1.4Available from the Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto
26、, ON M9W 1R3 Canada.5Available from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W44AL United Kingdom.NOTE 1The impact direction is perpendicular to the surface of theheadform for all impact sites.FIG. 1 Prescribed Impact SitesF1587 12a2(1) front, advlocated on the median plane and 50 mmabov
27、e the anterior intersection of the median and referenceplanes.(2) front boss, npoint on a plane 45 in a clockwisedirection from the anterior intersection of the median andreference planes and 25 mm above the reference plane.(3) side, nlocated on the frontal plane and 25 mm abovethe point of intersec
28、tion of the reference plane and the frontalplane.(4) rear boss, npoint on a plane 135 in a clockwisedirection from the anterior intersection of the median andreference planes on the reference plane. If the protector is amask with a back plate, the impact shall be delivered on theback plate, 19 mm fr
29、om any edge.(5) rear, n point at the posterior intersection of the medianand reference planes.(6) crown, npoint at the intersection of the median andfrontal planes.3.1.15.3 puck impact sites, nfor testing face protectors,see Fig. 2.(1) side impact, npoint halfway between the mouth leveland the eye l
30、evel in the horizontal plane, 25 to the medianplane and in the direction of the axis formed by the intersectionof the median plane and the frontal plane.(2) eye impact, npoint in the horizontal plane 25 to themedian plane and in the direction of the eye.(3) mouth impact, npoint in the intersection b
31、etween thehorizontal plane and the median plane in the direction of thecenter of the mouth.3.1.16 laser, nluminous device used for alignment of thesensors.3.1.17 liner, nmaterial inside the shell for the purpose ofshock absorption or comfortable fit or both.3.1.18 model, ncategory of products that h
32、ave the sameessential characteristics (essential characteristics includematerials, dimensions, construction, retention system, andprotective padding).3.1.19 natural frequency, nfrequency at which a systemwill tend to oscillate when displaced from its static equilibriumposition.3.1.20 neck strap, nst
33、rap that is affixed to the two sides ofthe helmet and passes under the mandible in close proximity tothe neck.3.1.21 no-contact zone, ndesignated zone of the headformwhere contact is not permitted during the puck impact resis-tance test (see 4.8 and Fig. 3).3.1.22 orbit, nthe bony cavity containing
34、the eyeball andother associated tissues.3.1.23 outer covering (shell), nouter material that givesthe mask its form.3.1.24 peripheral field of vision, nprojection outward ofall retinal points (the nervous layer of the eye) at which visualsensations can be initiated (Fig. 4).3.1.24.1 inferior (downwar
35、d), advangle in the verticalplane measured downward from the horizontal plane.3.1.24.2 nasal, advangle in the horizontal plane measuredfrom the primary position of gaze to the left for the right eyeand from the primary position of gaze to the right for the lefteye.3.1.24.3 superior (upward), advangl
36、e in the vertical planemeasured upward from the horizontal plane.3.1.24.4 temporal, advangle in the horizontal plane mea-sured from the primary position of gaze to the right for the righteye and from the primary position of gaze to the left for the lefteye.3.1.25 permanent marking, ninformation that
37、 remainslegible and cannot be removed in its entirety under conditionsof normal use (see Section 7).3.1.26 photosensors, nsensors 5 mm in diameter centeredin the pupils of the headform covered by a 5-mm translucentlens of 8-mm radius of curvature, convex forward.3.1.26.1 Discussion(1) The photosenso
38、rs are cosinecorrected, for example, provided with diffusing covers that area means of correcting the light-sensitive surface for wideangles of incidence. (2) Light contact with the sensors pro-duces an electrical signal that is fed into a computer interface.3.1.27 planes, nsee Fig. 5.3.1.27.1 basic
39、 plane of the human head, nplane that islocated at the level of the external upper borders of the earcanal (external auditory meatus) and the inferior margins of theorbits of the eyes.1 Median plane2 Face protector3 Side impact site4 Mouth impact site5 Eye impact site6 Frontal planeFIG. 2 Puck Impac
40、t Sites for Testing Face ProtectorsF1587 12a33.1.27.2 basic plane of a headform, nplane relative to theheadform that corresponds to the basic plane of the humanhead.3.1.27.3 frontal plane, nvertical plane that is perpendicu-lar to the median and reference planes and passes through thetop of the head
41、form.3.1.27.4 horizontal plane, nplane that passes across thehead at right angles to both the frontal and median plane.3.1.27.5 median plane, nvertical plane that passes throughthe headform from front to back and divides the headform intoright and left halves.3.1.27.6 reference plane, nconstruction
42、plane parallel tothe basic plane of the headform at a distance from it which isa function of the size of the headform.3.1.28 primary position of gaze, nline running forwardfrom the center of the pupil parallel to the median andhorizontal planes.3.1.29 protector, ncomprises a face protector either sp
43、e-cially adapted to the helmet or forming a continuous unitdesigned to protect the whole or parts of the wearers head andface against injury.3.1.30 retention system, nsystem that secures the helmetfirmly to the head, when adjusted according to the manufac-turers instructions, by passing under the ma
44、ndible in whole orin part.3.1.31 scan area, noval area specified by superior,temporal, inferior, and nasal directions.3.1.32 scotomata, nblind spot in the field of vision.Facially Featured Headform(according to CSA Z262.6-02)Dimensions (mm)ABCDEFAdult (50th percentile) 48 16 28 17 36 68Juvenile 60 0
45、 25 0 36 60Child 55 0 23 0 35 55FIG. 3 No-Contact Zone (Projected Dimensions)FIG. 4 Peripheral Field of VisionFIG. 5 Orientation PlanesF1587 12a43.1.33 spherical impactor, ndevice made of low-resonance material that couples mechanically with the ball armconnector of a monorail drop assembly and is u
46、sed forcalibration of a monorail drop assembly.3.1.33.1 DiscussionLow-resonance material includesmagnesium, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.3.1.34 subnasale, Sn, ndeepest point on the concavity ofthe anterior surface of the maxilla in the midline, within 3.0mm of the floor of the nose (see Fig.
47、6).3.1.35 support assembly, ndrop assembly in the monorailsystem minus the weight of the headform, ball arm, ball clamp,ball clamp bolts, and accelerometer.3.1.36 test area, narea on and above the test line where animpact site is located.3.1.37 test line, nline that defines the boundaries of thetest
48、 area.3.1.38 threshold value, noutput reading obtained when thecollimated light beam has been centered on the midpointbetween the pupils in the primary position of gaze.3.1.38.1 DiscussionThe headform is rotated 90 in thehorizontal plane, and the collimated light source contacts thepupillary sensor
49、closest to the light source.3.1.39 types of protectors:3.1.39.1 Type I, nCombination head and face protectorsthat meet requirements for ice hockey stick blade penetrationover the entire area of coverage.3.1.39.2 Type II, nCombination head and face protectorsthat meet the requirements for ice hockey puck penetrationresistance over the area of the field of vision and the require-ments for ice hockey stick blade penetration resistance over theremainder of the area of coverage.4. Requirements4.1 Genera
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