1、Designation: F 1599 95 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Guide forCollecting Performance Data on Temporary StorageDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a guideline for measuring the perfor-mance parameters of full-scale temporary storage devices th
3、atwould be used to store oil and oil-water mixtures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
4、 regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 6.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con-trol SystemsF 631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF 715 Test Methods f
5、or Coated Fabrics Used for Oil SpillControl and Storage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Design TerminologyTerms Associated With Tempo-rary Storage Device Design:3.1.2 accessoriesoptional mechanical devices used on orin conjunction with a temporary storage device system but notincluded with the ba
6、sic storage device and hose connectors,that is, lights, paravanes, buoys, anchor systems, storage bags,repair kits, etc.3.1.3 ancillary equipmentmechanical devices necessaryto the operation of a given temporary storage device system,for example, air pumps, hydraulic power supplies, controlmanifolds,
7、 etc.3.1.4 ballastthe weight applied to the device to improveperformance.3.1.5 container bodythe continuous portion of the devicethat serves to provide structural strength and shape to thedevice to contain the stored material.3.1.6 device weightthe dry weight of a fully assembledtemporary storage de
8、vice.3.1.7 draftthe maximum vertical dimension of the devicebelow the water line.3.1.8 flotationthat portion of the device that providesbuoyancy.3.1.9 freeboardthe minimum vertical height of the deviceabove the water line; for open devices, this is the minimumheight at which water can enter it.3.1.1
9、0 handholdany strap, handle, depression, or otherprovision for grasping the device by hand.3.1.11 lifting pointthe structural point(s) on the devicedesigned for the attachment of a lifting device, such as a crane.3.1.12 lineraccessory or ancillary equipment that pro-vides containment within the cont
10、ainer body.3.1.13 mooring pointthe structural point(s) along thelength of the device designed for the attachment of anchor ormooring lines.3.1.14 overall heightthe maximum vertical dimension ofthe device.3.1.15 sailthe maximum vertical height of the deviceabove the water-line.3.1.16 shipping weightt
11、he weight of the device whenpackaged for transportation.3.1.17 shipping volumethe volume of the device whenpackaged for transportation.3.1.18 stiffenera component that provides support to thedevice.3.1.19 temporary storage devicea collapsible device usedto store fluids temporarily.3.1.20 tension mem
12、berany component that carries tensionloads imposed on the device.3.1.21 tow pointstructural point(s) on the device designedfor the attachment of towing lines.3.1.22 Engineering TerminologyTerms Associated WithTemporary Storage Device Engineering:3.1.23 drag forcethe resisting force on a device thatr
13、esults from it being towed.3.1.24 gross buoyancythe weight of fresh water displacedby the device at the point of submergence.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Cur
14、rent edition approved May 15, 1995. Published July 1995.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copy
15、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.25 gross buoyancy to weight ratiothe gross buoyancydivided by device weight.3.1.26 heave responsethe ability of the device to react tothe vertical motion of the water surface.3.1.27 maxi
16、mum capacitythe maximum volumetric ca-pacity of the device as calculated from physical dimensions.3.1.28 maximum dynamic loadthe sum of all instanta-neous dynamic loads, including those due to acceleration, waveforces, etc.3.1.29 operational capacitythe maximum volumetric ca-pacity of the device per
17、 application.3.1.30 pitch responsethe tendency of the device to oscil-late about its lateral axis.3.1.31 rated pressurethe maximum continuous operatingpressure of the device, as specified by the manufacturer.3.1.32 reserve buoyancythe gross buoyancy minus deviceweight.3.1.33 reserve buoyancy to weig
18、ht ratiothe reserve buoy-ancy divided by device weight.3.1.34 roll responsethe tendency of the device to rotateabout its longitudinal axis due to wave, wind, or current forces.3.1.35 yaw responsethe tendency of the device to oscil-late about its vertical axis.3.1.36 Classification Terminology:3.1.37
19、 pillow tanka closed, generally rectangular or roundcoated fabric tank.3.1.38 open poolan open, generally rectangular or roundcoated fabric tank, similar in structure to a 88wading pool.”3.1.39 towable pillow tanksimilar to a pillow tank usedon land or on deck, but generally made of heavier material
20、 andhaving special rigging for towing.3.1.40 towable flexible tanka storage device that is gen-erally long and cylindrical in shape and, when full, is largelysubmerged, characterized by flexibility along the length of thedevice.3.1.41 towable open tankan open, inflatable, barge-typevessel that resem
21、bles a large inflatable boat, characterized by aportion of the top surface being open to atmosphere.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide covers the collection of quantitative data inthe form of storage capacity, strength of materials, filling andoffloading rates, and towability under controlled tes
22、t condi-tions. The data can be used for evaluating the design charac-teristics of a particular temporary storage device or as a meansof comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercisedwhenever the test data are used to predict performance in actualspill situations since the uncontrolled envi
23、ronmental conditionsthat affect performance in the field are rarely identical toconditions in the test facility. Other variables such as mechani-cal reliability, the presence of debris, ease of repair, requiredoperator training, operator fatigue, and transportability alsoaffect performance in an act
24、ual spill but are not included in thisguide. These variables should be considered along with the testdata when making comparisons or evaluations of temporarystorage devices.4.2 Although this guide provides data on the performance oftemporary storage devices, all of the combinations of actualconditio
25、ns of use are not simulated in this series of tests. Inparticular, the resistance of the device to grounding, abrasionresistance of the container body, venting of the device duringloading, and other operational issues not covered by this guideshould be considered along with the test data when making
26、comparisons or evaluations of temporary storage devices.5. Overall Observations5.1 For each of the tests that follow, the total manpowerrequired to conduct the procedure and the required ancillaryequipment will be noted in the test record. In addition, the totalelapsed time for each portion of the t
27、ests will be noted.5.2 Observations of the buoyancy and stability of thedeployed device will be made for the marine testing of towabledevices.5.3 Any observations relative to safety will be entered aspart of the test record. These should include any hazardousconditions noted and limitations due to w
28、eather conditions, aswell as any safety precautions that were observed or should beobserved. If the manufacturers specified operating proceduresare found to be deficient relative to safety observations, thisshould be noted.5.4 The test series should be videotaped to document thetests and procedures.
29、6. Initial (Static) Loading Tests6.1 The storage device, and any enclosed ancillary equip-ment (for example, flotation collars), should be subjected to thefollowing tests using air or dyed water, as appropriate, in orderto confirm the structural integrity and evaluate (qualitatively)any leakage. The
30、 following is presented as a guideline in theabsence of manufacturer-supplied guidelines for performinginitial loading tests.6.2 Overpressure tests can be extremely dangerous, andprecautions should be taken against the possibility of suddenand complete failure of the device. The following tests usel
31、arge volumes of water or pressurized air, or both, that couldcause injury to personnel and serious damage to property ifreleased suddenly.6.3 Closed Devices and Enclosed Ancillaries:6.3.1 Leak TestThe storage device should be inflated withair to a test pressure, calculated as follows:P 5s15rwhere:P
32、= test pressure (Pa),s = minimum ultimate tensile strength of material (N/m),andr = radius of largest section (m).6.3.2 Allow the storage device to stand for 30 min at the testpressure 610 %. Maintaining the test pressure within 610 %,apply a soapy water solution liberally to the seam areas, fitting
33、joints, valves, and all fabric areas. Record and mark airseepage.NOTE 1The inspector must determine what is an acceptable leak sincesome small air leaks may not necessarily mean that a liquid would leakthrough the same hole.Also, some air bubbles may be caused by air forcedout between the fabric lay
34、ers and would not cause a liquid leak.F 1599 95 (2003)26.3.2.1 Mark and record the location and extent of anysurface or seam irregularities, blisters, or cracks. Recheck theseareas carefully for leaks. The inspector must determine theacceptable level of such surface irregularities.6.3.3 The storage
35、device may be re-tested if leaks can bestopped by tightening the fittings or by minor permanentrepairs.6.3.4 OverpressurePressurize the device to 150 % of therated pressure (defined in 4.2). Hold for 30 min, and thenreduce the pressure to a safe level and inspect for leaks.6.3.5 If the device exhibi
36、ts leaks that are not structuralfailures, rework it and repeat the leak test of 6.3.1. If the deviceexhibits leaks that are from structural failure (that is, looseseams, fabric failure, etc.), rework it as necessary and repeatthe overpressure test of 6.3.4.6.3.6 Closed devices may also be tested usi
37、ng the proce-dures of 6.4 to determine whether minor air bubble leakspermit water to leak through the fabric.6.4 Open Devices:6.4.1 Leak TestThe following leak test for open devicescan be performed only with the device out of water. If thedevice cannot be suspended to allow observation of its bottom
38、when full, a sheet of white water sorbent cloth should be placedunder it to indicate leaks.6.4.2 Fill the device with water to its full operating level.Color the water with a water marker dye that provides a goodcolor contrast with the storage device and sorbent cloth. Allowthe device to stand for 2
39、 h.6.4.3 Observe and mark obvious leaks. Wipe the seam andleaking areas with a white water sorbent cloth, and determinewhether colored water has leaked through. Mark and record theleaks. No splits or blisters in the coating or seams shall beacceptable.6.4.4 The storage device may be re-tested if the
40、 leaks can bestopped by tightening the fittings or by minor permanentrepairs.7. Deployment, Loading, and Towing Tests7.1 GeneralA visual examination of the device will beconducted once the temporary storage device has been madeready for deployment. The material specifications and opera-tional limita
41、tions of the hose coupling mechanisms and anyother fittings, such as towing bridle, drogue attachments, orsecuring devices, should be recorded.7.2 Towable Devices:7.2.1 A test of launching from a pier and preparation fordeployment by a towing vessel will be conducted by followingthe manufacturers in
42、structions for break-out, deployment, andpreparation for towing. The test will be considered concludedwhen the predesignated vessel is able to tow the device awayfrom the dock in a safe and proper configuration.7.2.2 Towing tests should be conducted under a range ofenvironmental conditions appropria
43、te to the devices intendeduse. (Classification criteria for calm, protected, and open waterare given in Practice F 625.) Any differences during the testshould be noted as conditions change. The test will beconducted by following the manufacturers instructions or, inthe absence thereof, by the opinio
44、n of the vessel operator forthe most suitable course for the launching, filling, towing, andrecovery operation. The test will be considered concludedwhen the response vessel has completed all towing tests andrecovered and stowed the device in a safe and proper configu-ration.7.2.3 While towing the d
45、evice, the required towing forcewill be measured as a function of increasing tow speed.Dynamic loads should be measured using a recently calibratedload cell. During the towing tests, manufacturer-specifiedmaximum design loads must be respected with due regard tomaximum dynamic load.7.2.4 Observation
46、s should be noted in the test record con-cerning the device behavior as the towing speed and waveapproach angle are varied. Observations of stability shouldinclude vertical stability, twisting, diving, snaking, and yawing.Any distortion of the device or other problem causing insta-bility, loss of re
47、covered product, or unacceptable list, trim, orbow submergence should be noted. The draft and freeboard ofthe device should be noted in the test record for each of theloading conditions tested.7.2.5 During the progress of the test, careful monitoringmust take place to detect the following: wave-indu
48、ced motionsand inertial or free-surface effects, particularly as they mayaffect control and maneuverability; pitch, roll, heave, and bowsubmergence; leaks from vents, gages, loading hoses, and thecontainer body; and breakaway or damage to external flotationor buoyancy devices.7.2.6 If any of the pre
49、viously listed or other problemsdevelop during the test, they should be described fully in thetest report, including notation of the following data: time,volume and nature of fluid in the device, direction of impact ofthe waves, speed at which the device was under tow, and anytowing vessel action that may have influenced the problem.7.2.7 Empty Temporary Storage Device Towing Test:7.2.7.1 The test should be begun by towing the device in anempty condition. The speed should be built up gradually to themanufacturers recommended maximum tow
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