1、Designation: F1606 05 (2014) An American National StandardStandard Practice forRehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduits withDeformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the installationof deform
3、ed polyethylene (PE) liner for pipeline rehabilitation.1.2 This practice describes a method by which the PE linermay be installed with little or no excavation.1.3 This practice applies to the rehabilitation of 3 to 18- in.(76 to 457-mm) diameter pipe in terms of installation. Thespecifier determines
4、 what DR is used based on conditions ofthe specific application.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
5、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms R
6、elating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-tings MaterialsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Li
7、nes Using Low-Pressure AirF1533 Specification for Deformed Polyethylene (PE) Liner2.2 NASSCO Standard:Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection SystemRehabilitation33. Terminology3.1 GeneralAbbreviations used in this practice are inaccordance with Terminology D1600, and definitions are inaccor
8、dance with Terminology F412, unless otherwise indi-cated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deformed pipeHDPE or MDPE pipe manufacturedin deformed shape with a reduced cross-sectional area thatincludes the most common u-geometric form for use in existingsewer and conduit rehabi
9、litation. (See Fig. 1.)3.2.2 dimplinga localized deformation resulting fromexpansion, during rounding of a thermoplastic deformed PEpipe, into space where a side connector meets an existingconduit and where there is no support for the deformed PEpipe.3.2.3 insertion pointan existing manhole, existin
10、g accessshaft or an excavated pit that serves as the point of entrance forthe deformed pipe into the existing pipe.3.2.4 linerPE reformed pipe fully functional as pipewithin a rehabilitated pipe.3.2.5 manifoldsset of the equipment required for heat andpressure processing of the deformed pipe.3.2.6 p
11、ipeline existing sewer to be rehabilitated.3.2.7 reformed pipePE deformed pipe processed by heatand pressure after insertion into the pipeline and reformed to afit conforming to the existing pipe (See Fig. 1.)3.2.8 termination pointan existing manhole, existing ac-cess shaft or an excavated pit that
12、 serves as the point of exit ofthe deformed pipe from the existing pipe.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is to provide guidance for designers andspecifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organi-zations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits.1This practice is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F16060
14、5. DOI:10.1520/F1606-05R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3NASSCO, Inc. 2470 Longstone Lane,
15、 Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 21104.http:/nassco.org/Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Modifications may be required depending on specific jobconditions to establish a project specification. The manufac-turer of the produ
16、ct should be consulted for design andinstallation information.5. Materials5.1 The deformed PE liner should be in accordance withSpecification F1533.5.2 The following are minimum cell classification numbersfor HDPE polyethylene pipe based on Specification D3350.Specification D3350 should be consulted
17、 for property valuelimits based on these cells.Type PE 2406 PE 3408Density 2 3Melt 3 4Flexural Modulus 4 5Tensile Strength 3 4ESCR 3 3HDB 3 4Color and UV Stabilizer C, D, or E C, D, or E5.3 The deformed pipe should be spooled in a continuouslength for storage and shipping to the job site. Handling a
18、ndstorage should be in accordance with the manufacturerspublished recommendations.5.4 There should be no evidence of splits, cracks, crazing orbreaks in the deformed pipe on the spool. If any of theseconditions are evident, the damaged material should be re-placed.6. Installation Recommendations6.1
19、Cleaning and Inspection:6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, andperforming inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation ofthe atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammablevapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordancewith local, state, or federal safet
20、y regulations.6.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineInternal debris should be re-moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should becleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocityjet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment, in accor-dance with NASSCO Recommended Specifications for SewerCol
21、lection System Rehabilitation.6.1.3 Inspection of PipelinesInspection of pipelinesshould be performed by experienced personnel trained inlocating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closedcircuit television. The interior of the pipeline should becarefully inspected to determine the locatio
22、n of any conditionsthat may prevent proper insertion of the deformed pipe, such asprotruding service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflected joints. All suchconditions should be noted in the plans so that they can becorrected prior to liner installatio
23、n. If a user desires to ignoreany of the obstacles with PE liner pipe, the contractor shouldinform the user about expected results.6.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe inside of the existing pipelineshould be clear of obstructions that will prevent the properinsertion and full expansion of the deformed pipe.
24、Obstructionscould include dropped or offset joints of more than 12.5 % ofinside pipe diameter; service connections that protrude into thepipe more than 12.5 % of the inside diameter or 1-in. (25 mm),whichever is less; and other obstructions in cross-sectional areaof more than 14 % based on the insid
25、e diameter of the existingpipe. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot beremoved by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavationshould be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-tion. Typically, bends along the pipe length in excess of 30and changes in pipe size cannot be a
26、ccommodated. Suchconditions require access at these points for termination andstart of a new insertion.(a) Deformed Pipe(b) Reformed PipeNOTE 1This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specificto this practice and shows representative deformed and reformed pipeshapes. Other deformed pi
27、pe shapes may meet the general requirements ofthis practice.FIG. 1 Deformed Pipe and Reformed PipeClarification of TermsF1606 05 (2014)26.2 BypassingIf flow cannot be interrupted for the neces-sary duration, bypassing of flow is required around the sectionsof the existing pipeline designated for reh
28、abilitation. Thebypass should be made by plugging the line at the pointupstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and bypassing the flowto a downstream point or adjacent system. The bypass lines,pump, and pump-sump pit dimensions, if required, should beof adequate capacity and size to handle the flow
29、during theinstallation period. Services within this work area will betemporarily out of service.NOTE 1Public advisory services will be required to notify all partieswhose service laterals will be out of commission and to advise againstwater usage until the main line is back in service.6.3 Insertion:
30、6.3.1 The spool of deformed pipe should be positioned nearthe insertion point. A cable should be strung through theexisting conduit and attached to the deformed pipe. Thedeformed pipe should be pulled (with a power winch and thecable) directly through the insertion point to the terminationpoint. Pul
31、ling forces should be limited so as not to exceed theaxial strain limits of the deformed pipe. The measured pullingoperation limits pulling force to allowable tensile stress (1500psi or 50 % of the yield) times the pipe wall cross sectionalarea.6.3.2 After the insertion is complete, the tension from
32、 thewinch should be relieved and the deformed pipe should becutoff at the insertion point and restrained at the terminationpoint. Allowances for pipe length normalization should bemade to attain correct length.6.4 Reforming:6.4.1 Temperatures and pressures should be monitored andrecorded throughout
33、the installation process to ensure that eachphase of the process is achieved at the required levels.Temperature gages should be placed near the upstream anddownstream manholes to measure the liners outside tempera-ture.6.4.2 Steam and air pressure are applied through the inletmanifold and the deform
34、ed pipe should be reformed toconform to the existing pipe wall. The deformed pipe shall bepressurized up to 14.5 psig (100 kPa) max, at a steamtemperature in excess of 235F (112.8C), and less than 260F(126.7C), while the termination point valves, located at theoutlet manifold, are kept open to provi
35、de heat flow. Theminimum temperature needed at the outside of the HDPE pipeshould be 185 6 9F (85 6 5C). The pressure should then beincreased in increments up to a maximum of 26 psig (179.4kPa). Maximum pressure may be lower, depending on DR andcondition of the pipeline.6.4.3 The reforming pressure
36、should be maintained to en-sure complete expansion of the pipe and to allow for dimplingat side connections.6.5 Cool DownThe reformed pipe should be cooled to atemperature of 100F (38C). The pressure should then beslowly increased to approximately 33 psig (227.7 kPa), whileapplying air or water for
37、continued cooling. The equipmentshould be disconnected after ambient temperature is attained.6.6 After the reformed pipe has cooled down, the terminat-ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)beyond the existing pipe to account for possible shrinkageduring cooling to ground temperat
38、ures.6.7 Service ConnectionsAfter the liner has been reformedand stabilized, the existing active service connections shouldbe reconnected. This should be done without excavation fromthe interior of the pipeline by means of a television camera anda remote control cutting device unless otherwise speci
39、fied bythe owner.NOTE 2In many cases, a good seal is provided where the formed pipedimples at service connections. However, this practice should not beconstrued to provide a 100 % watertight seal at all service connections. Iftotal elimination of infiltration and inflow is desired, other means, whic
40、hare beyond the scope of this practice, may be necessary to seal serviceconnections and to rehabilitate service lines and manholes.6.8 The numeric information given for the processing of theliner are the standard practical information. Where the specificcases require, such as long pipelines, unusual
41、ly difficultconditions, extremely fragile pipelines and unique jobs, theprocessing parameters may vary. The final outcome of theprocessing should comply with this practice. The designengineer should determine the applicable processing param-eters in accordance with the manufacturers specific specifi
42、ca-tions and instructions.7. Inspection and Acceptance7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circuittelevision. The reformed pipe should be continuous over theentire length of the insertion and conform to the walls of theexisting pipe evidenced by visible joint deformation andmirroring of e
43、xisting pipe irregularities. Variations from trueline and grade may be inherent because of the conditions of theoriginal piping. No infiltration of groundwater through thereformed wall should be observed.All service entrances shouldbe accounted for and unobstructed.7.2 Leakage TestingIf required by
44、the owner or designatedin the contract documents or purchase order, or both, gravitypipes should be tested for leakage. This test should take placeafter the reformed pipe has cooled down to ambient tempera-ture. This test is limited to pipe lengths with no service laterals.One of the following two m
45、ethods should be used:7.2.1 Exfiltration Test MethodThis test involves pluggingthe reformed pipe at both ends and filling it with water. Theallowable water exfiltration for any length of pipe betweentermination points should not exceed 50 gal/in. of internal pipediameter per mile per day, providing
46、that all air has been bledfrom the line. The leakage quantity should be gauged by thewater level in a temporary standpipe placed in the upstreamplug. During exfiltration testing, the maximum internal pipepressure at the lowest end should not exceed 10 ft (3.0 m) ofwater or 4.3 psi (29.7 kPa). The wa
47、ter level inside of thestandpipe should be 2 ft (0.6 m) higher than the top of the pipeor 2 ft (0.6 m) higher than the groundwater level, whichever isgreater. The test should be conducted for a minimum of 1 h.7.2.2 Air TestThis test should be conducted in accordancewith Test Method F1417.F1606 05 (2
48、014)3NOTE 3The leakage test is intended to evaluate the watertightness ofthe mainline only.7.3 For each insertion length designated by the owner in thecontract documents or purchase order, a reformed field sampleshould be prepared at the insertion or termination point, orboth. The mold pipe shall be
49、 of like diameter to the existingpipe. The sample may be taken from one reformed pipediameter length removable sleeve. The following test proce-dures should be followed after the sample is expanded,cooled-down and removed from the mold pipe.7.3.1 Dimensions:7.3.1.1 Reformed Pipe DiameterThe average outside di-ameter of the reformed pipe shall meet the requirements givenin Table 1 with a tolerance of 61.0 % when tested inaccordance with applicable section of Test Method D2122.7.3.1.2 Installed Pipe Wall Thickness The minimum wallthickness of the
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