ASTM F1637-2007 Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces《安全步行地面的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: F 1637 07An American National StandardStandard Practice forSafe Walking Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers design and construction guidelinesand minimum maintenance criteria for new and existingbuildings and structures.

3、This practice is intended to providereasonably safe walking surfaces for pedestrians wearingordinary footwear. These guidelines may not be adequate forthose with certain mobility impairments.1.2 Conformance with this practice will not alleviate allhazards; however, conformance will reduce certain pe

4、destrianrisks.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s

5、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1646 Terminology Relating to Safety and Traction forFootwear2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI-Z535.1 Safety Color Coding33. Terminol

6、ogy3.1 See Terminology F 1646 for the following terms used inthis practice:3.1.1 Bollard,3.1.2 Carpet,3.1.3 Cross slope,3.1.4 Element,3.1.5 Fair,3.1.6 Foreseeable pedestrian path,3.1.7 Footwear,3.1.8 Planar,3.1.9 Ramp,3.1.10 Sidewalk,3.1.11 Slip resistance,3.1.12 Slip resistant,3.1.13 Walkway surfac

7、e hardware, and3.1.14 Walkway.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice addresses elements along and in walkwaysincluding floors and walkway surfaces, sidewalks, short flightstairs, gratings, wheel stops, and speed bumps. Swimmingpools, bath tubs, showers, natural walks, and unimproved pathsare beyon

8、d the scope of this practice.5. Walkway Surfaces5.1 General:5.1.1 Walkways shall be stable, planar, flush, and even tothe extent possible. Where walkways cannot be made flush andeven, they shall conform to the requirements of 5.2 and 5.3.5.1.2 Walkway surfaces for pedestrians shall be capable ofsafe

9、ly sustaining intended loads.5.1.3 Walkway surfaces shall be slip resistant under ex-pected environmental conditions and use. Painted walkwaysshall contain an abrasive additive, cross cut grooving, texturingor other appropriate means to render the surface slip resistantwhere wet conditions may be re

10、asonably foreseeable.5.1.4 Interior walkways that are not slip resistant when wetshall be maintained dry during periods of pedestrian use.5.2 Walkway Changes in Level:5.2.1 Adjoining walkway surfaces shall be made flush andfair, whenever possible and for new construction and existingfacilities to th

11、e extent practicable.5.2.2 Changes in levels of less than14 in. (6 mm) in heightmay be without edge treatment. (See Fig. 1.)5.2.3 Changes in levels between14 and12 in. (6 and 12 mm)shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (rise:run).5.2.4 Changes in levels greater than12 in. (12 mm) shall b

12、etransitioned by means of a ramp or stairway that complies withapplicable building codes, regulations, standards, or ordi-nances, or all of these.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF

13、13.50 on Walkway Surfaces.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1637 02e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An

14、nual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock

15、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Carpet:5.3.1 Carpet shall be maintained so as not to create pedes-trian hazard. Carpet shall be firmly secured and seams tightlymaintained. Carpet shall not have loose or frayed edges,unsecured seams, worn areas, holes, wrinkles or other hazardsthat may cause tri

16、p occurrence.5.3.2 Carpet on floor surfaces shall be routinely inspected.Periodic restretching may become necessary. Periodic inspec-tion is particularly important at step nosing edges.5.3.3 Carpet and carpet trim (as measured when com-pressed) shall meet the transition requirements of 5.2.5.3.4 Sha

17、g-type carpet shall not be used on stair treads.Carpeting should be firmly secured onto the tread and aroundthe nosing.5.4 Mats and Runners:5.4.1 Mats, runners, or other means of ensuring that build-ing entrances and interior walkways are kept dry shall beprovided, as needed, during inclement weathe

18、r. Replacementof mats or runners may be necessary when they becomesaturated.5.4.2 Building entrances shall be provided with mats orrunners, or other means to help remove foreign particles andother contaminants from the bottom of pedestrian footwear.Mats should be provided to minimize foreign particl

19、es, thatmay become dangerous to pedestrians particularly on hardsmooth floors, from being tracked on floors.5.4.3 Mats or runners should be provided at other wet orcontaminated locations, particularly at known transitions fromdry locations. Mats at building entrances also may be used tocontrol the s

20、pread of precipitation onto floor surfaces, reducingthe likelihood of the floors becoming slippery.5.4.4 Mats shall be of sufficient design, area, and placementto control tracking of contaminants into buildings. Safe prac-tice requires that mats be installed and maintained to avoidtracking water off

21、 the last mat onto floor surfaces.5.4.5 Mats, runners, and area rugs shall be provided withsafe transition from adjacent surfaces and shall be fixed inplace or provided with slip resistant backing.5.5 Illumination:5.5.1 Minimum walkway illumination shall be governed bythe requirements of local codes

22、 and ordinances or, in theirabsence, by the recommendations set forth by the IlluminatingEngineering Society of North America (IES) (Application andReference Volumes).5.5.2 Illumination shall be designed to be glare free.5.5.3 Illumination shall be designed to avoid casting ofobscuring shadows on wa

23、lkways, including shadows on stairsthat may be cast by users.5.5.4 Interior and exterior pedestrian use areas, includingparking lots, shall be properly illuminated during periods whenpedestrians may be present.5.6 HeadroomA minimum headroom clearance of 6 ft 8in. (2.03 m), measured from the walkway

24、surface, shall beprovided above all parts of the walkway. Where such clearanceis not provided in existing structures, the low clearanceportions of the walkway shall be safely padded, marked withsafety contrast color coding (for example, see ANSI-Z535.1)and posted with appropriate warning signs.5.7 E

25、xterior Walkways:5.7.1 Exterior walkways shall be maintained so as to pro-vide safe walking conditions.5.7.1.1 Exterior walkways shall be slip resistant.5.7.1.2 Exterior walkway conditions that may be consideredsubstandard and in need of repair include conditions in whichthe pavement is broken, depr

26、essed, raised, undermined, slip-pery, uneven, or cracked to the extent that pieces may bereadily removed.5.7.2 Exterior walkways shall be repaired or replaced wherethere is an abrupt variation in elevation between surfaces.Vertical displacements in exterior walkways shall be transi-tioned in accorda

27、nce with 5.2.5.7.3 Edges of sidewalk joints shall be rounded.6. Walking Surface Hardware6.1 Walking surface hardware within foreseeable pedestrianpaths shall be maintained flush with the surrounding surfaces;variances between levels shall be transitioned in accordancewith 5.2.6.2 Walking surface har

28、dware within foreseeable pedestrianpaths shall be maintained slip resistant.6.3 Walking surface hardware shall be installed and main-tained so as to be stable under reasonable foreseeable loading.7. Stairs7.1 General:7.1.1 Stairways with “distracting” forward or side viewsshall be avoided. A “distra

29、cting” view is one which can attractthe stair users attention, (for example, advertisements, storedisplays), thus distracting the stair user.7.1.2 Step nosings shall be readily discernible, slip resistant,and adequately demarcated. Random, pictorial, floral, or geo-metric designs are examples of des

30、ign elements that cancamouflage a step nosing.7.1.3 Doors shall not open over stairs.7.1.4 Structure (reserved).7.2 Short Flight Stairs (Three or Fewer Risers):7.2.1 Short flight stairs shall be avoided where possible.7.2.2 In situations where a short flight stair or single steptransition exists or

31、cannot be avoided, obvious visual cues shallbe provided to facilitate improved step identification. Hand-rails, delineated nosing edges, tactile cues, warning signs,contrast in surface colors, and accent lighting are examples ofsome appropriate warning cues.8. Speed Bumps8.1 Design to avoid the use

32、of speed bumps.8.2 All speed bumps which are in foreseeable pedestrianpaths shall comply with 5.2 (walkway changes in level).FIG. 1 Changes in Levels of Less Than14 in.(6mm)F16370728.3 Existing speed bumps, that do not conform to 5.2, shallbe clearly marked with safety color coding to contrast withs

33、urroundings in accordance with ANSI-Z535.1. Painted speedbumps shall be slip resistant. Pedestrian CAUTION signs arerecommended.9. Wheel Stops9.1 Parking lots should be designed to avoid the use ofwheel stops.9.2 Wheel stops shall not be placed in pedestrian walkwaysor foreseeable pedestrian paths.9

34、.3 Wheel stops shall be in contrast with their surroundings.9.4 Wheel stops shall be no longer than 6 ft (1.83 m) andshall be placed in the center of parking stalls. The minimumwidth of pedestrian passage between wheel stops shall be 3 ft(0.91 m).9.5 The top of wheel stops shall not exceed 6.5 in. (

35、165 mm)in height above the parking lot surface.9.6 Adequate illumination shall be maintained at wheelstops as governed by the requirements of local codes andordinances or, in their absence, by the recommendations setforth by the Illuminating Engineering Society of NorthAmerica (IES-Application and R

36、eference Volumes).9.7 Bollards, not less than 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) height, may beplaced in the center of parking stalls as an alternative to wheelstops. Bollards should be appropriately marked to enhancevisibility in accordance with ANSI-Z535.1.10. Gratings10.1 Gratings used in public areas should be

37、 located outsideof pedestrian walkways.10.2 Gratings located in foreseeable pedestrian walkwaysshall not have openings wider than12 in. (13 mm) in thedirection of predominant travel.10.2.1 ExemptionThe requirements of 10.2 do not applyin areas where footwear worn is controlled (for example,industria

38、l areas).10.3 Gratings with elongated openings shall be placed withthe long dimension perpendicular to the direction of predomi-nant travel.10.4 Gratings shall be maintained slip resistant.11. Warnings11.1 The use of visual cues such as warnings, accentlighting, handrails, contrast painting, and oth

39、er cues to improvethe safety of walkway transitions are recognized as effectivecontrols in some applications. However, such cues or warningsdo not necessarily negate the need for safe design andconstruction.12. Keywords12.1 carpet; floors; gratings; mats; runners; sidewalks; shortflight stairs; slip

40、 resistance; speed bump; stairs; walkway;wheel stopASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent righ

41、ts, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for

42、revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing

43、you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1637073