1、Designation: F 1647 02aAn American National StandardStandard Test Methods forOrganic Matter Content of Putting Green and Sports TurfRoot Zone Mixes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thepercent organic matter of a put
3、ting green root zone mixtureusing a loss on ignition method or the Walkley Black method.These test methods are useful for quantifying the organicmatter content of volume ratio mixed root zone mixes. TestMethods D 2974 is recommended for peat and other organicsoils.1.2 This standard does not purport
4、to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use, nor the disposalof hazardous waste that may be generated. It is the responsi-bility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior
5、 to use. For a specific precautionarystatement, see 8.2.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Mat-ter of Peat and Other Organic SoilsE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an In
6、terlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Method AOrganic matter content is determined byloss on ignition (LOI).3.2 Method B3Organic matter content is determined bythe Walkley-Black method; a dichromate oxidation procedurewhereby the color intensity
7、of the reaction product is deter-mined colorimetrically.4. ApparatusMethod A4.1 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of105 6 5C.4.2 Muffle furnace, capable of producing constant tempera-tures of 360 6 10C.4.3 Evaporating dish or crucible, made of high silica orporcelain of not less th
8、an 10-mL capacity.4.4 Desiccator,4.5 Aluminum foil, heavy duty, and4.6 Balance, sensitive to 0.001 g.5. ApparatusMethod B5.1 Soil grinder,5.2 Balance, sensitive to 0.01 g.5.3 Sulfuric acid, concentrated (not less than 96 %),5.4 Potassium dichromate, 1 N, made by dissolving 49.04reagent-grade potassi
9、um dichromate in water, and diluting to avolume of 1 L,5.5 Spectrophotometer or colorimeter, set at or adjustable to610-nm wavelength.5.6 Standard, 10 000 mg/L as CO2,5.7 Pipets, assorted, capable of measuring volumes of 0.1 to10 mL,5.8 Glassware, assorted, to include 250-mL Erlenmeyerflasks and fun
10、nels (75-mm ID), and5.9 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of105 6 5C.6. ProcedureMethod A6.1 Scoop 5 to 10 g of oven-dried (105 6 5C) soil intotared crucibles.6.2 Weigh and record weight to the nearest 0.001 g.6.3 Place the sample into a muffle furnace heated to 360 610C. Leave the
11、 sample in the furnace for 2 h.6.4 Cool to 105C, or cover with a piece of foil and cool ina desiccator.6.5 Weigh ash in a draft-free environment to the nearest0.001 g.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibil
12、ity of SubcommitteeF08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1647 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
13、 at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Procedure was based on procedure published in “Methods of SoilAnalysis, Part2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties,” American Society of AgronomyMonograph No
14、. 9, 2nd Ed.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Calculation of Percent Organic Matter, Method A7.1 Calculate percent organic matter as follows:LOI, % 5oven2dry soil weight ash weight!/oven2dry soil weight#3 100 (1)8. P
15、rocedureMethod B8.1 Preparing a Standard Curve:8.1.1 Set up five 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks.8.1.2 Use a pipet to pipet the volumes of standard solutioninto the flasks, as listed below.mL of 10 000 mg/L CO2% Organic matter000.20 0.90.50 2.21.00 4.41.20 5.38.1.3 Pipet 10 mL of potassium dichromate into
16、each flask.8.1.4 In a well ventilated area, pipet or dispense 20 mL ofsulfuric acid into each flask.8.1.5 Cover the flask and allow the reaction to progress for10 min.8.1.6 Add 100 mL of distilled or deionized water to eachflask and swirl briskly.8.1.7 Read the absorbance for each standard at 610 nm
17、 andplot a standard curve.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 Obtain a representative, oven-dried root zone sample.8.2.2 Grind a small quantity of sample until 100 % passes a140-sieve (0.1 mm).8.2.3 Weigh out exactly1gofsample (to the nearest 0.01g), and place in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask.8.2.4 Add 10 mL potassium
18、 dichromate.8.2.5 Make up a blank sample by adding potassium dichro-mate into an empty flask.8.2.6 Carefully add 20 mL of sulfuric acid to both flasks.Caution: Be careful of the fumes and the heat generated by thereaction. Allow to sit for 10 min.8.2.7 Add 100 mL of distilled or deionized water to t
19、heflasks.8.2.8 Set up a funnel with No. 2 or similar filter paper. Pourenough of the solution through the funnel to collect about 10mL.8.2.9 Read the absorbance of the sample at 610 nm. Refer tothe standard curve to obtain percent organic matter.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Sa
20、mple identification,9.1.2 Sample condition when received,9.1.3 Percentage organic matter to nearest 0.01%, and9.1.4 Method used: A (Loss on Ignition) or B (Walkley-Black).10. Precision and Bias10.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy was conducted in accordance with procedures of Pra
21、cticeE 691. Three randomly selected test specimens for each of sixroot zone mixes were sent to nine laboratories for organicmatter content determinations using Method A, Loss on Igni-tion. The mixes were representative of sandy root zone mixesused on turf grass areas and were mixtures of either (1)
22、sandand peat, (2) sand and soil, or (3) sand, soil, and peat.10.2 Test ResultThe following precision information fororganic matter content is in the unit of percentage and therepeatability and reproducibility limits, as a percentage of theorganic matter content, is for the comparison of two testresu
23、lts, each of which is the average of three test determina-tions.10.3 Precision4:10.3.1 Organic Matter by Method A (Loss on Ignition)Test Range from 0.82 to 2.87 % Organic Matter:95 % repeatability limit (withinlaboratory)30 % (25 to 35 %) of test result95 % reproducibility limit (betweenlaboratories
24、)39 % (29 to 54 %) of test resultThe preceding values for limits are the average (and range)for the six mixes. The terms repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit are used in accordance with Practice E 177.10.4 BiasThe bias for these measurements is undeter-mined because there is no reference v
25、alue for the materials(mixes) used.11. Keywords11.1 organic matter; putting greens; soils; sports fieldsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
26、determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprove
27、d or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel
28、 that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repri
29、nts (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Supporting data are available through ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:F081005.F 1647 02a2
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