1、Designation: F 1731 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Practice forBody Measurements and Sizing of Fire and Rescue ServicesUniforms and Other Thermal Hazard Protective Clothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe selection of proper uniform size is important to fit
3、and appearance for all users, but moreimportantly, it relates directly to garment function. In certain occupations, such as fire and rescueservices, proper fit and function relates directly to the individuals ability to perform jobs that are oftenhazardous. Issues of proper fit are directly associat
4、ed with the risk of injury. A work uniform thatrestricts movement or exposes the skin to hazardous environments will result in lost efficiency andmay promote injury and illness. Proper sizing is a factor in the ability of a person to perform tasks thatoften involve life or death situations. A work u
5、niform must also fit well to function properly whenadditional outer protective garments and safety equipment are worn.This practice establishes a standard method for measuring body dimensions pertinent to thedetermination of a garment size which provides good fit. It also presents issues critical to
6、 garment sizeselection as it relates to fit. Functional methods are provided for determining proper fit of a uniform.Information is provided on garment shrinkage which results from the clothing being laundered.Maternity wear and unique sizing issues are addressed.1. Scope1.1 This practice is intende
7、d to assist in size selection ofwork uniforms for fire and rescue services personnel andworkers who may be exposed to thermal hazards. Workuniform ensembles consist of a shirt and trouser apparelcombination.1.2 This practice is applicable to uniforms for both male andfemale personnel.1.3 This practi
8、ce provides a standard means for measuringhuman body dimensions for the selection and ordering shirtsand trousers.1.4 This practice provides a means for evaluating the fit ofselected uniform sizes.1.5 This practice provides a standard list of textile andapparel terminology specific to the clothing i
9、ndustry which isused in determining size and fit of garments. This vocabularywill be useful in communications between buyers and sellers.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound equivalents given in parentheses arefor information only and may be approximate.1.7
10、 This standard is not intended for use in evaluating thefire resistive performance or durability of work uniforms. Inaddition, this practice does not provide a means to quantify thelikelihood of human injuries that may be related to the fit ofuniforms or protective clothing.1.8 This standard does no
11、t purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are
12、given in Note 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 5219 Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions forApparel SizingF 1154 Practice for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical-Protective SuitEnsembles2.2 AATCC Standar
13、ds:AATCC 96 Dimensional Changes in Laundering of Wovenand Knitted Textiles Except Wool3AATCC 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on ProtectiveClothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.60 on Human Factors.Current
14、edition approved August 10, 1996. Published October 1996.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Ava
15、ilable from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, POBox 12215 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics3AATCC 158 Dimensional Changes in Dr
16、y-Cleaning in Per-chloroethylene: Machine Method32.3 NFPA Standards:NFPA 1975 Standard on Station/Work Uniforms for FireFighters4NFPA1977 Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipmentfor Wildland Fire Fighting43. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Definitions are provided to assist the user inunderstanding
17、 the language of human body measurements. Inaddition, other definitions have been added that are used by theapparel industry to identify garment designs, patterns andissues of fit.3.1.1 armhole, nin garments construction, the area of agarment through which the arm passes or into which a sleeveis fit
18、ted. (See armscye.)3.1.2 armscye, nin garment construction, the opening in agarment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (See armhole.)3.1.3 back waist length, nin body measurements, thevertical distance along the spine from the cervical to the waist.3.1.4 bartack, nin garment construction, a rein
19、forcementat points of strain.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThis reinforcement point may consistof a bar-shaped line of small threads worked across severalthreads.3.1.5 body dimension, nin garment construction, a bodymeasurement which can be used to build a sizing system or toselect an appropriately sized garmen
20、t.3.1.6 body measurement, nin anthropometry, a standard-ized distance between two specified points on the humananatomy.3.1.7 bust girth, nin body measurements, the circumfer-ence of the body over the fullest part of the breasts and parallelto the floor. (See chest girth.)3.1.8 cervical, nin body mea
21、surements, the most promi-nent bone at the base of the neck.3.1.9 chest, nin garment construction, a measurementtaken from below each armhole seam straight across thegarment while it is laid flat.3.1.10 chest girth, nin body measurements, the circum-ference of the body over the shoulder blades, unde
22、r the armsand across the upper chest. (See bust girth.)3.1.10.1 DiscussionA circumference measurement madearound the fullest part of the chest keeping the tape parallel tothe floor.3.1.11 crotch, nin anatomy, the body area adjacent to thevertex of the included angle between the legs.3.1.12 cuff, nin
23、 garment construction, a finished edge atthe end of either a garment sleeve or trouser leg created byturning back or rolling up and stitching the fabric.3.1.12.1 DiscussionLong sleeve shirts usually have anextended cuff which is a band of fabric stitched to the loweredge of the sleeve. The most comm
24、on long sleeve shirt cuff isthe barrel cuff which is a straight cuff stitched to form anopen-band that laps and buttons at the wrist. A trouser leg cuffis formed by producing a deep hem which may require over100 mm (4 in.) of fabric. Simple hems may also be used tofinish trouser legs. (See hem.)3.1.
25、13 ease, nin garment construction, the differencebetween garment measurement and body measurement.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThere are primarily two types of ease,wearing ease and design ease. Wearing or comfort ease, whichallows for body flexing and movement, depends on a garmentsstandard for fit. Wearing
26、ease relates to fit of a garment thatdoes not impede the wearer from performing any function thatrequires dynamic movement. The amount of material added toa garment that exceeds human body measurements, to makegarments more comfortable and to allow for human mobility.Design or style ease includes, i
27、n addition to wearing ease, whatis built into a style to provide the look the designer wants.3.1.14 elbow, nin anatomy, the joint that articulatesbetween the upper arm and the lower arm.3.1.15 fabric, nin textiles, a planar structure consisting ofyarns or fibers.3.1.16 fit, nthe quality, state or ma
28、nner in which thelength and closeness of clothing, when worn, relates to thehuman body.3.1.17 garment, nan article of clothing used to cover thebody.3.1.18 girth, nin body measurements, a circumferentialmeasurement around some part of the body, such as neck,chest, waist, etc.3.1.19 hem, nin garment
29、construction, a simple finish inwhich the raw fabric edge is turned under and stitched to agarment. (See cuff.)3.1.20 hip, nin anatomy, the laterally projecting regionformed by the lateral parts of the pelvis and the upper part ofthe femur together with the flesh covering them.3.1.21 hip girth, nin
30、body measurements, the maximumcircumference of the body at the level of maximum promi-nence of the buttocks.3.1.22 inseam, nin garment construction, with the trou-sers folded by mating the inside leg seams, measure fromcenter of crotch to bottom edge of trousers leg or cuff.3.1.23 inseam length, nin
31、 body measurements, from cen-ter of crotch to 25.4 mm (1 in.) below top of the shoe.3.1.24 knee, nin anatomy, the joint between the lower andupper leg.3.1.25 maternity wear, nclothing worn during pregnancy.3.1.26 neck base girth, nin body measurements, the cir-cumference of the neck over the cervica
32、l at the back and at thetop of the collar bone at the front.3.1.27 neck girth, nin garment construction, with shirtopen in front and collar fully extended and laid out flat,measure from center of collar button to the far end of the buttonhole.3.1.28 placket, nin garment construction, a finished gar-
33、ment opening that is usually dependent on mechanical devicescalled closures to secure the opening.4Available from National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park,Quincy, MA 02269-9101.F 1731 96 (2002)23.1.28.1 DiscussionIn shirt construction, a placket usu-ally forms the front opening that
34、 may extend from the collarbands lower edge to the bottom edge of the shirts hem. Whenthe shirt is worn, the placket is generally overlapped andfastened by buttons. Plackets are normally designed intogarments to make them easy to don. Fasteners used in placketclosures are buttons, button holes, zipp
35、ers, hooks, snaps, andother devices used to open, close, and secure garments.3.1.29 protective clothing, nan article of clothing used forisolating the human body or parts of the human body from apotential hazard.3.1.30 shirt, na cloth garment for the upper part of thebody made of either woven or kni
36、tted fabric usually havingsleeves, a neck opening, a front opening and a tail long enoughto be tucked inside trousers or skirt.53.1.31 shirt back length, nin garment construction,ameasurement centered below the collar band to bottom edge ofshirttail.3.1.32 shirt front length, nin garment constructio
37、n,ameasurement from the placket top, below the collar band to thebottom edge of the shirts hem in front.3.1.33 shirt sides, nin garment construction, a measure-ment of length from below armhole to the bottom hem.3.1.34 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensionsof an object or material.3.1.35 s
38、hrink, vtto cause to contract, to compact cloth bycausing to contract when subjected to washing, boiling, steam-ing or other processes.53.1.36 size, none of a series of graduated measurementsin manufactured articles of clothing conventionally identifiedby numbers, letters, or words.3.1.37 sleeve len
39、gth, nin body measurements, from centerof cervical across back and around outside of bent arm, tobelow wrist bone and above hand.3.1.38 sleeve length, nin garment construction, a mea-surement from center of shirts back below collar band alongthe sleeve to the end of the sleeve or cuff.3.1.39 station
40、/work uniform, na nonprimary protectiveclothing ensemble consisting of a shirt and pants that isintended to be worn by members of the fire and rescue serviceswhile on duty.3.1.40 thigh, nin garment construction, with trouser leglaid out flat, measure from crotch seam straight across to legside seam.
41、3.1.41 thigh girth, nin body measurements, the maximumcircumference of the upper leg close to the crotch.3.1.42 torso, nthe human trunk.53.1.43 torso, nin garment construction, a measurementfrom center of neck to end of shirttail.3.1.44 total crotch length, nin body measurements, thedistance from th
42、e waist level at center front through the crotchto the waist level at center back.3.1.45 trousers, n, plan outer garment extending from thewaist to the ankle covering each leg separately. (Syn. pants.)3.1.46 trouser back rise, nin garment construction,ameasurement from the crotch seam to bottom edge
43、 of waist-band at center of the back.3.1.47 trouser front rise, nin garment construction,ameasurement from the crotch seam to the bottom edge ofwaistband at center front.3.1.48 trouser hips, nin garment construction, the gar-ments circumference measured at the bottom of pockets orbartack on fly.3.1.
44、49 trouser waist, nin garment construction, with trou-sers folded in half by the crease or mating the leg inseams,measure across waist-bands width and double the measure-ment.3.1.50 waist, nin anatomy, the part of the body at thelocation between the lowest rib and hip identified by bendingthe body t
45、o the side.3.1.51 waist girth, nin body measurements, the circum-ference of the waist immediately below the lowest rib.3.1.51.1 DiscussionCircumference around the bodywhere the trouser waistband would normally be worn.3.1.52 wrist, nin anatomy, the joint which articulatesbetween the end of the lower
46、 arm and the hand.3.1.53 wrist girth, nin body measurements, the circumfer-ence over the prominence of the inner and outer forearm bones.3.1.53.1 DiscussionCircumference around the largest partof the wrist.3.2 Other definitions relative to this practice can be found inTerminology D 123 and D 5219.4.
47、 Summary of Practice4.1 This practice standardizes apparatus for making humanbody measurements and provides a standardized approach tomethods of measuring human body dimensions relevant to theselection of properly sized uniforms. Accurately measuredbody dimensions are recorded on a standard measurem
48、ent formwhich is used by a buyer and seller in the selection of uniformsize. Size selection for uniforms to be worn during pregnancyis considered. Issues of fit related to garment ease and laundryinduced garment shrinkage are discussed. Recommendationsare made relative to the evaluation of garment s
49、hrinkage.Potential fit problems are identified by having a consumer dona representative sample uniform and then perform a standard-ized series of dynamic movements. Uniform size is selectedbased on an individuals compatible body measurements rela-tive to a garments dimensions/size and the evaluation of agarments construction, shrinkage, and its response to fit duringthe dynamic performance evaluation.5. Significance and Use5.1 Sizing is a critical factor that must be considered whenselecting and using protective clo
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