ASTM F1776-2018 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports.pdf

1、Designation: F1776 16F1776 18 An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis

2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is the specification for eye, face, and head protective devices, or EHPD, to be used in the spor

3、tof paintball. Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards. These hazards include beinghit by paintballs. Protective equipment cannot eliminate all injuries but will substantially reduce theirseverity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a player implies acceptance of

4、injury risk. Thegoal of protective equipment is to minimize the risk of injury.Performance requirements are presented and are intended to minimize injury with minimalimpairment of the form and appeal of the sport. This specification is subject to revision as indicatedby subsequent injury statistics.

5、The impact requirements are designed to give eye, adnexa of eye, and head protection frompaintball impacts likely to be encountered under game conditions. While the EHPD also may protectthe user from other potential impacts, such as running into tree branches, there are many conceivableimpacts, incl

6、uding falls from heights, which could exceed the specification and result in eye injurydespite the use of the EHPD.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye, face, and head protective devices, designed for use by players of the sport of paintball,which minimize or significantly reduce injury to

7、the eye, adnexa of eye, face, and head due to paintball impact or penetration, orboth.1.2 EHPDs by nature provide three types of protection. The first type of protection is for the eyes and adnexa of eye and notnecessarily for any other parts of the face or head. The second type of protection adds c

8、overage for the ears and face. The thirdtype of coverage adds cranial coverage in addition to that provided to types II and III. These coverage types are defined in Section8.1.3 This specification does not limit the wearing of eyeglasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the EHPD.1.4 T

9、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appro

10、priate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for

11、 the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1027 Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic TileD1003 Test Method f

12、or Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016J

13、uly 1, 2018. Published November 2016July 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 asF1776 14.F1776 16. DOI: 10.1520/F1776-16.10.1520/F1776-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.

14、For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may

15、 not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo

16、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F803 Specification for Eye Protectors for Selected SportsF1979 Specification for Projectiles Used in the Sport of PaintballF2272 Specification for Paintball Markers2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sun

17、glasses and Fashion Eyewear3ANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protectors32.3 CSA Standard:4CSA Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms2.4 EN Standard:5EN 168 Personal Eye Protection Non-Optical Test Method - Section 17 Headforms2.5 Federal Standards:6

18、No. 406No. 30223. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts of the eye, including the orbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.3.1.2 astigmatism, na condition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object po

19、int, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.3 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EHPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary dist

20、ance, to converge.3.1.4 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EHPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.5 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that is shared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.6 c

21、aliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of a paintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diameter of thepaintball.3.1.7 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has its center in line with the wearers line of sight when looking straightahead.The zone is circular in shape. For

22、the purpose of this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm in diameter.The centerof the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as mounted on the headform, specifiedby the manufacturer.3.1.8 cleanable, adjthe ability of an EHPD to be made

23、 readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.9 corneal apex, nThe most anterior point of the cornea when the eye is in the primary position.3.1.10 coverage, nthose areas of the eye, face, and head as covered by the

24、EHPD as defined in 8.3.3.1.11 definition, optical, nthe characteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discernedwhen looking through the lens.3.1.12 dislodge, vremove or force an object from its original position.3.1.13 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headfor

25、m or the eye of a person wearing an EHPD or that part of an EHPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.14 eye of the headform, nall structures contained within the orbital rim of the specified headform.3.1.15 EHPD, ndevice that provides protection to the wearers eyes, face, and head aga

26、inst paintball impact or penetration,or both.3.1.16 haze, nthe fraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam that is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. Excessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.17 headform, nas u

27、tilized within this standard for the as-worn assessment of EHPDs, key dimensions of which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6-02 or EN 168.3.1.18 lens, ntransparent part of an EHPD through which the wearer normally sees.3.1.18.1 Discussion3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W.

28、 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/w

29、ww.cen.eu.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.F1776 182The most common configurations for lenses are single pane and thermal double pane. Thermal double pane lenses are usuallyconstructed from a single p

30、ane lens which has a second clear airtight thermal barrier affixed to it to reduce the effects of lensfogging. Some lenses also are treated with chemical solutions to reduce lens fogging.3.1.19 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, separate from the lens, that are designed to retain the lens in

31、the frame orbody of the EHPD.3.1.20 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittance is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by thecorresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and bythe spectral inte

32、nsity of standard Illumination C (see ANSI Z80.3).3.1.21 paintball, nspherical ball, comprised of a shell and a fill manufactured in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification F1979 and designed to be expelled from a paintball marker.3.1.22 paintball fragment, na part of the shell of the paint

33、ball that will not be surrounded completely by a 3 by 5-mmrectangle.3.1.23 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed to discharge paintballs which conforms with Specification F2272.3.1.24 orbital area, nthe area contained in a circle r = 20-mm centered on the pupil of the specified headform.3.

34、1.25 power imbalance, na condition that exists when the refractive power created by the right lens of the EHPD is differentfrom that of the left lens.3.1.26 prism, nthe angular deviation of a ray of light as it passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which the raystrikes each surface of th

35、e lens and the index of refraction of the material from which it is made.3.1.27 prism imbalance:3.1.27.1 horizontal imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of anEHPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.27.2 vertical imb

36、alance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes ofan EHPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.28 refractive power, nthe focusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters.3.1.29 spherical power, nthe average of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and th

37、e minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 6.1, the basic EHPD, without any accessories such as a sun visor installed,shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding the following:4.1.1.1 Tempo

38、ral Field50.4.1.1.2 Nasal Field30.4.1.1.3 Superior Field30.4.1.1.4 Inferior Field30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the spherical power shall not be less than 0.37 diopters andshall not exceed +0.06 diopters.4.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the asti

39、gmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians between the twoeyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18 diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the primary viewing positi

40、on of either eye of a shield shall not exceed0.5 prism diopters.4.1.6 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the following criteria:4.1.6.1 Vertical Imbalance, shall not exceed +0.25 diopters.4.1.6.2 Horizontal ImbalancesNegative values (base-in) sha

41、ll not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and positive values(base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 60 % forclear lenses and not less than 17 % for tinted lenses unless lab

42、eled very dark in which case the minimum transmittance shall beno less than 8 %.4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 6.5, the haze of the EHPD lens shall not exceed 3 %.4.1.9 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone, striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are apparent unde

43、rthe optical inspection test conditions of 6.2 shall be considered a failure. An exception is when small specks or inclusions, whichare not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause of rejection.F1776 1834.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central v

44、iewing zone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, water marks, or otherdefects that are apparent under the visible inspection test conditions of 6.7 shall be considered a failure. An exception that smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-

45、worn position, shall not be cause ofrejection.4.2 Mechanical Requirements:4.2.1 When tested in accordance with Section 7, the basic EHPD, without any accessories such as a sun visor installed:4.2.1.1 No contact by components of the EHPD or paintball fragments is allowed with the orbital area of the

46、selected headformshall be permitted.headform.4.2.1.2 Any visible fracture of the lens, frame, or EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame constitutes a failure.4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from the EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.5 Any dis

47、lodging of a component of the EHPD that would permit free passage and contact of a 5-mm diameter probe (60.1 mm) to the orbital area of the selected headform constitutes failure.4.2.1.6 Any contact of an intact paintball, on the portion of the selected headform protected by the EHPD, after said pain

48、tballpenetrated or passed through the protective portion of the EHPD, constitutes failure.4.2.1.7 Any rotation of the headgear system on the selected headform that would permit free passage and contact of a 5-mmdiameter probe (6 0.1 mm) to the orbital area of the selected headform constitutes failur

49、e.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Eye and Head Protective Devices:5.1.1 Only new and complete EHPDs as offered for sale shall be tested.5.1.2 EHPDs shall be subjected to a single impact test.5.1.3 The EHPD shall be conditioned for a minimum of 4 h at the specified temperature prior to each test.5.2 Test Temperatures:5.2.1 Cold Test, 12.2C6 2C (10F 6 3.5F).5.2.2 Room Temp, 23C6 2C (73F 6 3.5F).5.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8C6 2C (100F 6 3.5F).5.3 Paintballs:5.3.1 All impact testing shall be done using 68 caliber paintball