1、Designation: F 1796 97 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Specification forHigh Voltage DetectorsPart 1 Capacitive Type to be Usedfor Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-co
3、ntact type capacitive voltage detectors tobe used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for acvoltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 60 Hz. Thefunction of the voltage detector is limited to the detection of thepresence or absence of nominal operating voltage.1.1.1 This specificati
4、on is not applicable to other types ofvoltage detectors.1.2 The use and maintenance of these high voltage detectorsand any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scopeof this specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u
5、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specifica-tion refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-p
6、hase system. Voltagedetectors covered by this specification may be used in other thanthree-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground(earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 819 Definitions of Terms Relatin
7、g to Electrical ProtectiveEquipment for Workers22.2 Other Standard:3Fed/OSHA (1910, 137, 269, Subpart S)2.3 ANSI Standard:4ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systemsand Equipment2.4 IEEE Standards:5IEEE 516 Guide for Maintenance Methods on EnergizedPower LinesIEEE 4 High Voltage Testing T
8、echniquesf2.5 IEC Standard:6IEC 1243-1 First Addition 1993-113. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 capacitive voltage detectora device that relies oncurrent passing through stray capacitance to ground.3.1.2 clear indicationa specific condition that detects andindicates the voltage state at the contact
9、 electrode.3.1.3 clear perceptionthe ability by the user to determinethat the voltage detector is in its operating position.3.1.4 contact electrodethe bare conductive part of theconductive element that establishes the electrical connection tothe component to be tested.3.1.5 indicatorpart of the volt
10、age detector that indicatesthe presence or absence of the operating voltage at the contactelectrode.3.1.6 indoor typea detector designed for use in dryconditions, normally indoors.3.1.7 interference fieldelectrical field affecting the indica-tion.3.1.8 interference voltagevoltages other than the sig
11、nalvoltage capable of making the device operate.3.1.9 limit markingdistinctive location or mark to indicateto the user the physical limit to which the detector may beinserted between live components or may touch them.3.1.10 nominal operating voltagea nominal value consis-tent with the latest revisio
12、n of ANSI C84.1.3.1.11 non-contact proximity detectora device that relieson current passing through stray capacitance to ground withoutmaking direct contact with the component to be tested.3.1.12 outdoor typea detector designed for use eitherindoors or outdoors.3.1.13 response timetime delay between
13、 sudden change1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.35 on Tools and Equipment.Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published December 1997.2Annual Book of ASTM Standard
14、s, Vol 10.03.3Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20013-7082.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics E
15、ngineers, Inc., 345East 47th St., New York, NY 10017.6Available from the International Electrotechnical Commission, (IEC) SalesDepartment, Case Postale 131, 3 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Geneva 20,Switzerland/Suisse. Also available in the United States from the Sales Department,American National Standar
16、ds Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.of the voltage state on the contact electrode and the associatedclear indication.3.1.14 testing elementbuilt in or external
17、 device, bymeans of which the functioning of the voltage detector can bechecked.3.1.15 threshold voltageminimum voltage between theline component and earth (ground) required to give a clearaudible or visual indication, or both, corresponding to specificconditions as defined in corresponding test (se
18、e clear indica-tion and clear perception).3.1.16 voltage detectora device for indicating the pres-ence or absence of nominal design or operating voltage.3.1.17 voltage, nominal designa nominal value consistentwith the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, assigned to the circuitor system for the purpose of
19、 conveniently designating itsvoltage class.3.1.18 voltage rangevalue of voltage generally agreedupon by manufacturer and customer, to which certain operatingspecifications are referred.3.2 Tests:3.2.1 acceptance testa test made at the option of thepurchaser.3.2.2 design testa type test made on a spe
20、cimen treated asrepresentative of an industrial product. These tests will notgenerally be repeated in quantity production unless a change inthe design is implemented.3.2.3 performance testa test performed to indicate normaloperation of the instrument.3.2.4 routine testa type test made regularly on p
21、roductionmaterial.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the de-sign and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electricalpower industry, to determine the presence or absence ofnominal operating voltage.5. Type of Detector5.1 Capacitive5.1.1 Direct Contact
22、Operates without the need for aground lead, but requires physical contact with the componentto be tested.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for high voltage detectors under this specifica-tion should include the following information:6.1.1 Type,6.1.2 Voltage range,6.1.3 Tested to meet ASTM F 1796, an
23、d6.1.4 Catalog numbers.7. Marking7.1 Labeling:7.1.1 Instructions for indoor and outdoor testing use andmaintenance of the voltage detectors shall be included witheach unit. Whenever practicable, instructions for use andtesting shall be printed on a permanent-type label and attachedto the unit.7.1.2
24、Voltage range, manufacturer and a general statementregarding any use precautions or limitations shall be perma-nently marked on each unit.8. Specifications8.1 The manufacturer shall clearly specify the limits ofperformance of each voltage detector within the instructions asfollows:8.1.1 Operating vo
25、ltage range or ranges,8.1.2 Operating temperature range,8.1.3 Operating humidity range,8.1.4 Storage temperature range,8.1.5 Storage humidity range, and8.1.6 Any limitations in use.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Workmanship and finish shall be of such quality as toensure safe operation of
26、 the unit. Appearance shall be theprerogative of the manufacturer.10. Testing10.1 GeneralTests shall be performed on a detector thathas been completely assembled. Tests shall be carried outunder the following ambient test conditions:10.1.1 Ambient temperature 59 to 95F.10.1.2 Relative humidity 45 to
27、 75 %.10.2 MethodsUnless otherwise specified, tests shall becarried out using a 60 Hz ac power source. Tests shall beperformed in dry conditions.10.2.1 The maximum voltage level shall be reached within10 to 20 s.10.2.2 An acceptable tolerance of 63 % is allowed for allrequired values.10.3 Design Tes
28、tA design test shall be performed eachtime there is any significant change in the design of the unit. Atleast two (2) units shall be tested to ensure that designspecifications are achieved.10.3.1 VoltageEach unit shall be subjected to the voltagenecessary to verify the units threshold voltage. The t
29、hresholdvoltage Vtshall satisfy the t following relationship 610 %:Threshold voltage 5 0.3 to 0.45 3 minimum nameplate voltage(1)10.3.2 Temperature Dependence of the IndicationThedetector shall operate correctly in the temperature range of theclimatic category according to Table 1. The threshold vol
30、tageshall not vary by more than 610 %, with respect to thethreshold voltage measured when tested at the minimum andmaximum temperature. The detector shall be subjected to themaximum and minimum temperature extremes for 24 h andimmediately subjected to a threshold voltage test. The thresh-old voltage
31、 is not to deviate 610 % from the previously testedand recorded test report when conducted under the standardatmospheric conditions as stated in 3.2.1.10.3.3 Low Temperature ImpactThe procedure outlined in10.3.4 shall be followed after exposure to 25C/13F for 24h.TABLE 1 Climatic categoriesTemperatu
32、reTemperature C F25 to +55 13 to +131F 1796 97 (2002)210.3.4 Drop/ImpactThe test surface shall be concrete orsteel and smooth, hard and unpliable. The height of the fallshall be 3 ft. The unit shall be dropped twice: once in thehorizontal position and once in the vertical. The vertical dropshall be
33、made on the contact electrode if present. It isacceptable if the contact electrode bends, as long as the unitcontinues to operate. The unit shall be considered to havepassed the test if there is no significant mechanical damage andthe unit meets the requirements of 10.6.10.3.5 HumidityThe detector i
34、s to be exposed to a mini-mum of 96 % humidity for 24 h. A threshold voltage test as in10.3.2 is to be conducted. The detector is considered to havepassed if it meets the same criteria as outlined.10.3.6 Wet TestThe units identified for “outdoor use” shallbe tested using the Rain/Wet Test described
35、in Annex A1.10.3.7 Battery Life TestFor detectors equipped with inter-nal test functions, the detector shall be submitted to a batterylife test where after exposure to the standard atmosphere testconditions in 3.2.1, the self-test functions of the detector areactivated and allowed to deplete the bat
36、tery which wasdetermined to be “new” and “fresh” at insertion. The detectorsself-test functions must last for 10 min of continuous use. Theperformance requirements are outlined in 10.6.10.3.8 Durability of LabelingThe labels on the detectorshall be scrubbed with a towelette soaked in water for 1 min
37、then another towelette soaked in ethyl alcohol for anotherminute. The test is considered passed if the marking remainslegible, the printing does not smear and the label remainsattached.10.3.9 Vibration ResistanceThis test method is underconsideration.10.3.10 Continuous Operation RatingThe detector s
38、hallbe placed in contact with a high voltage supply lead andsubjected to maximum rated voltage for 10 min. The detectoris considered to have passed the test if the indicating signalshave worked continuously for the entire period and all thefunctions as specified in 10.6 are functioning after the vol
39、tagetesting is completed.10.3.11 Response TimeThe test voltage applied shall bethe threshold voltage plus 10 %. The test voltage shall remainON and the detector shall be applied and removed five times.The time sequence between these periods should vary and eachshall be at least 3 s long in duration.
40、 The test is consideredpassed if all response times are shorter than 1 s.10.3.12 Testing the “Self-Test” FunctionThe self-testfunction, for detectors equipped with this feature, shall beactivated according to the instructions. The visual or audiblesignals, or both, shall activate and shall be observ
41、ed for properfunctioning. This function shall be activated three times notingany changes observed in its operation. This test is consideredpassed if the proper indications appear each time.10.3.13 Acceptable Audible IndicationThe test should beperformed in an environment where background noise does
42、notexceed 60 dBA.10.3.13.1 The detector shall be mounted so that the soundaxis is parallel to the ground at least 5.0 ft off any soundreflecting surface. The test shall be performed by applying avoltage of 10 % over the threshold voltage to the contactelectrode.10.3.13.2 The sound intensity shall be
43、 measured at 2 ftintervals at 615 degrees off centerline while moving awayfrom the detector until the following audible thresholds aredetermined: (1) 77 dBA for detectors with intermittent signals,and (2) 80 dBA for detectors with continuous signals.10.3.13.3 The detector is considered passed if the
44、 audiblethresholds are met at distances consistent with the maximumvoltage rating of the detector and OSHA minimum approachdistances. These audible thresholds may be reduced by 10 dBAif the detector is equipped with a visual indication also.10.3.14 Acceptable Visual IndicationThe tests should becond
45、ucted in an environment with ambient light conditionsranging from 0 to 18 000 fc.10.3.14.1 The test shall be performed by applying a mini-mum voltage of 10 % over the threshold voltage to the contactelectrode.10.3.14.2 Three observers shall determine that visual detec-tion can be made throughout ang
46、les of 615 % off the detectorcenterline at distances up to and including 10 ft from thedetector under test.10.3.15 Visual InspectionThe detector shall be reviewedfor any defects apparent in its enclosure, contact electrode, orvisual and audible indicating systems. Labeling shall beinspected and any
47、accessories shall also be visually inspected.If any defects are found, the detector is to be rejected.10.3.16 Method to Measure Threshold VoltageThe detec-tor shall be supported in a non-conductive fixture in a horizon-tal position. For a detector with a maximum rated voltage of69kV and below, it wi
48、ll be positioned 3 ft above a conductivefloor. No foreign objects shall be located between the testfixture and the floor. For detectors rated above 69kV, the heightfrom floor dimension will be 6 ft.10.3.16.1 The connecting cable shall be free and clear of allsurrounding objects connecting to the det
49、ector on an even axis.The detector shall be tested according to its designed thresholdvoltage rating.10.3.16.2 The detector is considered to have passed if itresponds at the calculated threshold voltage.10.3.17 Interference Voltage TestingRefer to Fig. 1 for thetest set-up for Interference Voltage Testing.10.3.17.1 For testing opposite phase interference voltage,refer to the test set-up shown in Fig. 2.(1) The test voltage is 0.6 times the voltage rating of thedetector, or the highest voltage in its voltage range. The testshall be
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