1、Designation: F 1796 09Standard Specification forHigh Voltage DetectorsPart 1 Capacitive Type to be Usedfor Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-supported, direct-contact type capaciti
3、ve voltage detectors tobe used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for acvoltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 60 Hz. Thefunction of the voltage detector is limited to the detection of thepresence or absence of nominal operating voltage.1.1.1 Two types of voltage detectors are
4、provided and aredesignated as Type I, audible/visual and Type II, numeric, withor without audible.1.1.2 Two styles of voltage detectors, differing in wetconditions characteristics, are provided and are designated asStyle A, indoor use and Style B indoor/outdoor use.1.2 The use and maintenance of the
5、se high voltage detectorsand any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scopeof this specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
6、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specifica-tion refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Voltagedetectors covered by this specification may be used in other thanthree
7、-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground(earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 819 Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equip-ment for Workers2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for
8、 Electric Power Systemsand Equipment3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 capacitive voltage detectora device that relies oncurrent passing through stray capacitance to ground.3.1.2 clear indicationa specific condition that detects andindicates the voltage state at the contact electrode.3.1.3 clear pe
9、rceptionthe ability by the user to determinethat the voltage detector is in its operating position.3.1.4 contact electrodethe bare conductive part of theconductive element that establishes the electrical connection tothe component to be tested.3.1.5 indicatorpart of the voltage detector that indicat
10、esthe presence or absence of the nominal operating voltage or themeasured voltage at the contact electrode.3.1.6 indoor stylea detector designed for use in dryconditions, normally indoors.3.1.7 interference fieldelectrical field affecting the indica-tion.3.1.8 interference voltagevoltages other than
11、 the signalvoltage capable of making the device operate.3.1.9 limit markingdistinctive location or mark to indicateto the user the physical limit to which the detector may beinserted between live components or may touch them.3.1.10 nominal operating voltagea nominal value consis-tent with the latest
12、 revision of ANSI C84.1.3.1.11 outdoor stylea detector designed for use eitherindoors or outdoors.3.1.12 response timetime delay between sudden changeof the voltage state on the contact electrode and the associatedclear indication.3.1.13 testing elementbuilt in or external device, bymeans of which t
13、he functioning of the voltage detector can bechecked.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.35 on Tools or numeric indication,corresponding to specific conditions as defined
14、 in correspond-ing test (see clear indication and clear perception).3.1.15 voltage detectora device for indicating the pres-ence or absence of nominal design or operating voltage or themeasured voltage.3.1.16 voltage, nominal designa nominal value consistentwith the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, as
15、signed to the circuitor system for the purpose of conveniently designating itsvoltage class.3.1.17 voltage rangevalue of voltage generally agreedupon by manufacturer and customer, to which certain operatingspecifications are referred.3.2 Tests:3.2.1 acceptance testa test made at the option of thepur
16、chaser.3.2.2 design testa type test made on a specimen treated asrepresentative of an industrial product. These tests will notgenerally be repeated in quantity production unless a change inthe design is implemented.3.2.3 performance testa test performed to indicate normaloperation of the instrument.
17、3.2.4 routine testa type test made regularly on productionmaterial.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the de-sign and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electricalpower industry, to determine the presence or absence ofnominal operating voltage or t
18、he measured voltage.5. Type of Detector5.1 Capacitive5.1.1 Direct ContactOperates without the need for aground lead, but requires physical contact with the componentto be tested; with an audible/visual indicator.5.1.2 Type II Direct ContactOperates without the needfor a ground lead, but requires phy
19、sical contact with thecomponent to be tested; with a numeric value indicator, with orwithout audible.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for high voltage detectors under this specifica-tion shall include this ASTM designation and the followinginformation:6.1.1 Type,6.1.2 Style,6.1.3 Voltage range,6.1.
20、4 Catalog number/s.7. Marking7.1 Labeling:7.1.1 Instructions for indoor and outdoor testing use andmaintenance of the voltage detectors shall be included witheach unit. Whenever practicable, instructions for use andtesting shall be printed on a permanent-type label and attachedto the unit.7.1.2 Volt
21、age range, manufacturer and a general statementregarding any use precautions or limitations shall be perma-nently marked on each unit.8. Specifications8.1 The manufacturer shall clearly specify the limits ofperformance of each voltage detector within the instructions asfollows:8.1.1 Operating voltag
22、e range or ranges,8.1.2 Operating temperature range,8.1.3 Operating humidity range,8.1.4 Storage temperature range,8.1.5 Storage humidity range, and8.1.6 Any limitations in use.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Workmanship and finish shall be of such quality as toensure safe operation of the
23、 unit. Appearance shall be theprerogative of the manufacturer.10. Testing10.1 GeneralTests shall be performed on a detector thathas been completely assembled. Tests shall be carried outunder the following ambient test conditions:10.1.1 Ambient temperature 59 to 95F (15 to 35C).10.1.2 Relative humidi
24、ty 45 to 75 %.10.2 MethodsUnless otherwise specified, tests shall becarried out using a 60 Hz ac power source. Tests shall beperformed in dry conditions.10.2.1 The maximum test voltage level shall be reachedwithin 10 to 20 s.10.2.2 An acceptable tolerance of 63 % is allowed for allrequired values.10
25、.3 Design TestAt least two (2) units shall be tested toensure that design specifications are achieved.10.3.1 Type I Voltage Test (Audible/Visual Indication)Each unit shall be subjected to the voltage necessary to verifythe units threshold voltage. The threshold voltage Vtshallsatisfy the t following
26、 relationship 610 %:Threshold voltage 5 0.3 to 0.45 3 minimum nameplate voltage10.3.2 Type II Voltage Test (Numeric Indication)Each unitshall be subjected to the voltage necessary to verify the unitsnominal design voltage range/s, within 630 % of appliedvoltage.NOTE 2Type II voltage detectors may in
27、dicate the design voltage inphase-to-phase or phase-to-ground values.10.3.3 Temperature Dependence of the IndicationThedetector shall operate correctly in the temperature range of theclimatic category according to Table 1. The numeric orthreshold voltage shall not vary by more than 610 %, withrespec
28、t to the numeric or threshold voltage measured whenTABLE 1 Climatic categoriesTemperatureTemperature C F20 to +55 4 to +131F1796092tested at the minimum and maximum temperature. The detec-tor shall be subjected to the maximum and minimum tempera-ture extremes for 24 h and immediately subjected to a
29、numericor threshold voltage test. The numeric or threshold voltage isnot to deviate 610 % from the previously tested and recordedtest report when conducted under the standard atmosphericconditions as stated in 10.1.10.3.4 Low Temperature ImpactThe procedure outlined in10.3.5 shall be followed after
30、exposure to 20C/4F for 24 h.10.3.5 Drop/ImpactThe test surface shall be concrete orsteel and smooth, hard and unpliable. The height of the fallshall be 3 ft. The unit shall be dropped twice: once in thehorizontal position and once in the vertical. The vertical dropshall be made on the contact electr
31、ode if present. It isacceptable if the contact electrode bends, as long as the unitcontinues to operate. The unit shall be considered to havepassed the test if there is no significant mechanical damage andthe unit meets the requirements of 10.6.10.3.6 HumidityThe detector is to be exposed to a mini-
32、mum of 96 % humidity for 24 h. The detector is considered tohave passed if it meets the same criteria as outlined in 10.3.10.3.7 Wet TestStyle B units identified for “outdoor use”shall be tested using the Rain/Wet Test described inAnnexA1.10.3.8 Battery Life TestFor detectors equipped with inter-nal
33、 test functions, the detector shall be submitted to a batterylife test where after exposure to the standard atmosphere testconditions in 10.1, the self-test functions of the detector areactivated and allowed to deplete the battery which wasdetermined to be “new” and “fresh” at insertion. The detecto
34、rsself-test functions must last for 5 min of continuous use. Theperformance requirements are outlined in 10.6.10.3.9 Durability of LabelingThe labels on the detectorshall be scrubbed with a towelette soaked in water for 1 minthen another towelette soaked in ethyl alcohol for anotherminute. The test
35、is considered passed if the marking remainslegible, the printing does not smear and the label remainsattached.10.3.10 Continuous Operation RatingThe detector shallbe placed in contact with a high voltage supply lead andsubjected to maximum rated voltage for 5 min. The detector isconsidered to have p
36、assed the test if the indicating signals haveworked continuously for the entire period and all the functionsas specified in 10.6 are functioning after the voltage testing iscompleted.10.3.11 Response TimeThe test voltage applied shall bethe threshold voltage plus 10 %. The test voltage shall remainO
37、N and the detector shall be applied and removed five times.The time sequence between these periods should vary and eachshall be at least 3 s long in duration. The test is consideredpassed if all response times are shorter than 1 s.10.3.12 Testing the “Self-Test” FunctionThe self-testfunction, for de
38、tectors equipped with this feature, shall beactivated according to the instructions. The visual or audiblesignals, or both, or numeric shall activate and shall be observedfor proper functioning. This function shall be activated threetimes noting any changes observed in its operation. This test iscon
39、sidered passed if the proper indications appear each time.For the purpose of this test the numeric display shall beconsidered a proper indication.10.3.13 Acceptable Audible IndicationThe audible testshould be performed in an environment where backgroundnoise does not exceed 60 dBA.10.3.13.1 The dete
40、ctor shall be mounted so that the soundaxis is parallel to the ground at least 5.0 ft off any soundreflecting surface. The test shall be performed by applying avoltage of 10 % over the threshold voltage to the contactelectrode.10.3.13.2 The sound intensity shall be measured at 2 ftintervals at 615 d
41、egrees off centerline while moving awayfrom the detector until the following audible thresholds aredetermined: (1) 77 dBA for detectors with intermittent signals,and (2) 80 dBA for detectors with continuous signals.10.3.13.3 The detector is considered passed if the audiblethresholds are met at dista
42、nces consistent with the maximumvoltage rating of the detector and OSHA minimum approachdistances. These audible thresholds may be reduced by 10 dBAif the detector is equipped with a visual indication also.10.3.14 Acceptable Visual IndicationThe Type I visualtests should be conducted in an environme
43、nt with ambient lightconditions ranging from 0 to 18 000 fc.10.3.14.1 The test shall be performed by applying a mini-mum voltage of 10 % over the threshold voltage to the contactelectrode.10.3.14.2 Three observers shall determine that visual detec-tion can be made throughout angles of 615 % off the
44、detectorcenterline at distances up to and including 10 ft from thedetector under test.10.3.15 Visual InspectionThe detector shall be reviewedfor any defects apparent in its enclosure, contact electrode, orvisual and audible indicating systems. Labeling shall beinspected and any accessories shall als
45、o be visually inspected.If any defects are found, the detector is to be rejected.10.3.16 Method to Measure Threshold VoltageThe detec-tor shall be supported in a non-conductive fixture in a horizon-tal position. For a detector with a maximum rated voltage of69kV and below, it will be positioned 3 ft
46、 above a conductivefloor. No foreign objects shall be located between the testfixture and the floor. For detectors rated above 69kV, the heightfrom floor dimension will be 6 ft.10.3.16.1 The high voltage cable connected to the electrodeshall be free and clear of all surrounding objects connecting to
47、the detector on an even axis. The detector shall be testedaccording to its designed threshold voltage range.10.3.16.2 The detector is considered to have passed if itresponds at the calculated threshold voltage values.10.3.17 Interference Voltage TestingRefer to Fig. 1 for thetest set-up for Interfer
48、ence Voltage Testing.10.3.17.1 For testing opposite phase interference voltage,refer to the test set-up shown in Fig. 2.(1) The test voltage is 0.6 times the voltage rating of thedetector, or the highest voltage in its voltage range.(2) The detector passes the test if it does not indicate thatnomina
49、l operating voltage is present.10.3.17.2 For testing same phase interference, refer to thetest set-up shown in Fig. 3.F1796093(1) The test voltage shall be 0.4 times the voltage of thedetector, or, if set for a voltage range, the test shall beperformed at both the lower and the higher voltages.(2) The detector passes the test if it indicates that nominaloperating voltage is present.10.3.18 Leakage Current TestingThe detector is to beconsidered conductive, therefore no testing is required.10.3.19 Dielectric Testing of Detector Ho
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