1、Designation: F1858 98 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Performance Requirements forMultipositional Plastic Chairs with Adjustable Backs orReclining Mechanisms for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These performance requirements cover nationally rec-ognized pe
3、rformance requirements for multipositional plasticchairs, with adjustable backs or reclining mechanisms, in-tended for outdoor use.1.2 These performance requirements are not applicable tochaise lounges, upholstered chairs, or other types of furniture.1.3 These performance requirements cover the perf
4、ormanceof the product regarding aspects of outdoor weathering, impact,static load for seat and back, and arm testing.1.4 Products Manufactured from Recycled PlasticsProducts may be manufactured from recycled plastics as longas the performance requirements are met.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound
5、units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
6、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of P
7、lastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exposure of PlasticsG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)33. Terminology3.1 Definition
8、s:3.1.1 multipositional plastic chair with adjustable back orreclining mechanisms, nfor the purposes of these provisionalperformance requirements, a molded, upright piece of furniturewith arms, intended for seating one person, having a seat heightnot less than 15 in. (381 mm) and not greater than 19
9、 in. (483mm) with the seat and back in the most upright position, andhaving a seat width not less than 16 in. (406 mm) and notgreater than 30 in. (762 mm) (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionThese requirements are applicable tofolding chairs with adjustable backs (see Fig. 2), non-foldingchairs w
10、ith adjustable backs (see Fig. 3), and folding chairswith reclining mechanisms (see Fig. 4).4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined determine the overallusability and stability of chairs in an environment simulatingthe conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.
11、1 Smooth surfaces, such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (see Fig. 5) is used to simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough surfaces, such as wooden decks, outdoor natu-ral surfaces, etc. the plywood testing base (see Fig. 6) is usedto simulate this surface.5. Apparatus5.1 Multiposition
12、al Plastic Chairs with Adjustable Backs orReclining Mechanisms, which have been inspected and met amanufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, 16 6 0.2 in.(406 6 4 mm) in diameter, which shall be measured prior totesting to determine stretching, having a tota
13、l measurement notto exceed 17.5 in. (445 mm) in diameter when filled with steel1These performance requirements are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 onConsumer Products and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.33 on Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved Sept
14、. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1858 98 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/F1858-98R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandard
15、s volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1or lead shot (0.
16、09 to 0.12 in (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter), to atotal weight of 150 6 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg). The bag shall befitted with a safety cable or other means to prevent it fromhitting the glass testing base but should not interfere with thetest.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag
17、 in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 250 6 2.5 lb (114 6 1.1 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributed evenly ontop of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 400 6 4lb(182 6 1.8 kg).5.4 Glass Testing Base, as shown in Fig.
18、5.5.5 Plywood Testing Base, as shown in Fig. 6.5.6 Back Weight ApronOne heavy-weight canvas orleather apron, 19 6 0.2 in. (483 6 4.8 mm) in width and 28 60.3 in. (711 6 7.1 mm) in length, having six pockets, 6 6 0.6in. (152 6 1.5 mm) in width and 10 6 0.1 in. (254 6 2.5 mm)in height, and having appr
19、opriate straps, clips, or clamps tohold the apron in place (see Fig. 7).5.7 250lb (114kg) Arm Testing BlockOne block ofsuitable material such as wood or metal, 42 6 0.4 in (1067 610.7 mm) in length and 7.0 6 0.7 in. (178 6 1.8 mm) in heightand 4.0 6 0.4 in. (102 6 1.0 mm) in width, having additional
20、weights or supporting structure, or both, to obtain a totalweight of 250 6 2.5 lb (114 6 1.1 kg). The base of the blockshall be 12 6 0.1 in. (305 6 3.1 mm) at the center, with thesides at a 15 angle (see Fig. 8).NOTE 1The 250-lb (114-kg) weight of the arm block may also beachieved by the use of a co
21、mbination of a block of the dimensions givenabove and the use of a of the force of an air cylinder to achieve a totalapplied weight of 250 lb (114 kg).5.8 Steel or Lead Shot4Six 25 6 0.3-lb (11 6 0.1-kg)bags.4No. 2 to No. 8 shot, as normally purchased at a sporting goods store.NOTE 1(a) Seat height
22、with the seat and back in the most uprightposition; and (b) seat width.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTE 1(A) Chair with the seat and back in the most upright position;and (B) chair with the back resting in the furthest reclining position andarms locked in the furthest reclining position.FIG. 2 Fol
23、ding Chair with Adjustable BackNOTE 1(A) Chair with the seat and back in the most upright position;and (B) chair with the back resting the furthest reclining position and armslocked in the furthest reclining position.FIG. 3 Non-Folding Chair with Adjustable BackNOTE 1(A) Chair with the seat and back
24、 in the most upright position;and (B) chair with the back resting in the furthest reclining position andarms locked in the furthest reclining position.FIG. 4 Folding Chair with Reclining MechanismF1858 98 (2014)26. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all chairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (18 to 24C)
25、 and a relative humidity of 50 6 15 %, andtest subsequently under the same conditions.7. General Requirements7.1 All chairs meeting these performance requirements shallbe made from polymeric materials that meet the requirementsfor outdoor weathering given in Section 8.7.2 Weatherability Test:7.2.1 P
26、olymeric material used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain at least 70 % of its original tensile strength.7.2.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the
27、 same material used in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts, as described in TestMethod D638.7.2.3 Tensile TestTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsamples) tensile bars, in accordance with Test Method D638,ata testing rate of 2 in. (51 mm)/min.7.2.4 The specimens are to be exposed
28、 according to one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B of Practice D2565, using a Type B or BHxenon-arc apparatus; (2) 720 h in accordance with PracticeG23, using a Type E carbon-arc weathering device; (3) 1000 hin accordance with CycleAof Practice D4329, using UVB-31
29、3NOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; (B) AC exterior glue fir plywood sheet, 0.75 6 0.08in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness; (C) polypropylene microfoamsheet; 0.7 6 0.01-lb/ft3(11 6 0.2-kg/m3) density and 0.13 6 0.01-in. (36 0.03-mm) thickness; and
30、 (D) glass/tempered sheet, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (106 0.1-mm) thickness.NOTE 2(A), (B), (C), and (D) shall be roughly the same dimensions,48 in. (1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 5 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1(A) Poly(methoyl methoacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; and (B) AC exterior glue fir pl
31、ywood sheet, 0.75 60.08 in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness.NOTE 2(A) and (B) shall be roughly the same dimensions, 48 in.(1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 6 Plywood Testing BaseFIG. 7 Back Weight ApronNOTE 1(A) = block and (B) = application of block to chair.FIG. 8 250-lb (114-kg) Arm Testing BlockF1
32、858 98 (2014)3bulbs; or (4) 2000 h in accordance with Cycle A of PracticeD4329, using UVA-340 bulbs. For Practice D2565 or PracticeG23, the test cycle shall consist of 102 min of light followed by18 min of light and spray. For Practice D4329, the test cycleshall consist of8hoflight followed by4hofda
33、rk withcondensation. If Practice G23 is used, the blackbody tempera-ture shall be 145 6 5F (63 6 3C).8. Test Procedure8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betest
34、ed.8.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests listed in8.3 8.10 to comply with 10.1 and 10.2.8.3 Static Load Test No. 1 for Seat:8.3.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 5)asnear as possible to the center of the glass, with the arms andback locked in the most forward positi
35、on (see Figs. 2-4).8.3.2 Apply the 400 6 4-lb (182 6 1.8-kg) bag at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of theseat.8.3.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat after 10 6 1s.8.3.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery time.8.3.5 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2 8.3.4 eight additionaltimes
36、.8.3.6 Repeat the step given in 8.3.2 one time, allowing theweight to remain on the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and thenwithdraw the weight from the seat.8.3.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.4 Static Load Test No. 2 for Seat:8.4.1 Position the chair on the
37、plywood testing base (Fig. 6)as near as possible to the center of the plywood, with the armsand back locked in the most forward position (see Figs. 2-4).8.4.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2 8.3.7.8.5 Static Load Test No. 1 for Back:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 5)as n
38、ear as possible to the center of the glass, with the backresting in the furthest reclining position and the arms locked inthe furthest reclining position (see Figs. 2-4).8.5.2 Apply the 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag as acounterbalance load at a speed not to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/sto the geometrical
39、 center of the seat. Allow the weight toremain on the seat for the duration of the static load test for theback.8.5.3 Attach the back weight apron to the back (see Fig. 7).Place a 25-lb (11-kg) bag of steel or lead shot in each of the sixpockets, starting from the lower left pocket and ending with t
40、heupper right pocket.8.5.4 Increase the counterbalance load described in 8.5.2,asneeded, to keep the chair from tipping over.8.5.5 Allow the back weight apron to remain on the back for60 min 6 10 s, and then remove the back weight apron fromthe back and the counterbalance weight from the seat.8.5.6
41、Verify that the back still operates. Observe and reportany breaks, cracks, fractures, or other structural damage.8.6 Static Load Test No. 2 for Back:8.6.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 6)as near as possible to the center of the plywood, with the backresting in the furthest rec
42、lining position an the arms locked inthe furthest reclining position (see Figs. 2-4).8.6.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2 8.5.6.8.7 Impact Test No. 1:8.7.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 5)asnear as possible to the center of the glass, with arms and backlocked in the most forwar
43、d position (see Figs. 2-4).8.7.2 Position the 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag at aheight of 6 6 0.1 in. (152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of thechair seat, at rest.8.7.3 Allow the bag to free-fall onto the center of the chairseat.8.7.4 Repeat the steps given in 8.7.2 and 8.7.3 nine addi-tional times.8.
44、7.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.8 Impact Test No. 2:8.8.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (SeeFig. 6) as near as possible to the center of the plywood, with thearms and back locked in the most forward position (see Figs.2-4).8.8.2 Repe
45、at the steps given in 8.7.2 8.7.5.8.9 Arm Test No. 1:8.9.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 5)asnear as possible the center of the glass, with the arms and backlocked in the most forward position (see Figs. 2-4).8.9.2 Apply the arm testing block to the front edge of thearms of the
46、chair, as far forward on the arms as possiblewithout going past the front legs and causing tipping (see Fig.8), at a speed not to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s. If necessary,clamps may be used to prevent the weight from rollingforward.8.9.3 Withdraw the weight from the arm testing block after60 6 10 s.8.9
47、.4 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.10 Arm Test No. 2:8.10.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig.6) as near as possible to the center of the plywood; with thearms and back locked in the most forward position (see Figs.2-4).8.10.2 Repeat th
48、e steps given in 8.9.2 8.9.4.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Manufacturers name and manufacturing lot number,if available.9.1.2 Model name or model number, or both, if available.9.1.3 Date tested.9.1.4 Number of chairs tested.9.1.5 Initial observations (6.1).9.1.6 Dimensions (see
49、 Fig. 1).9.1.7 Observation and noted structural damage, if any.F1858 98 (2014)49.2 Include the results obtained following the weatherabilitytest (7.2), static load Test No. 1 for seat (8.3), static load TestNo. 2 for seat (8.4), static load Test No. 1 for back (8.5), staticload Test No. 2 for back (8.6), impact Test No. 1 (8.7), impactTest No. 2 (8.8), arm Test No.1 (8.9), and arm Test No. 2 (8.10)in the test report.10. Performance Criteria10.1 If any single chair collapses or tips over at any pointduring the testing procedure, it shall be
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