1、Designation: F1891 12Standard Specification forArc and Flame Resistant Rainwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes applicable test methods,minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a sug-gested sizing guide, and suggested pur
3、chasing information forrainwear for use by workers who may be exposed to thermalhazards of momentary electric arcs and open flames.1.1.1 This specification does not apply to the electricalcontact hazards or electric shock hazards involved with electricarcs.1.1.2 This specification does not apply to
4、flash fire hazardssuch as industrial hydrocarbon flash fires or other petrochemi-cal flash fire hazards.1.2 The objective of this specification is to prescribe fit,function and performance criteria for rainwear that meets aminimum level of thermal and physical performance whenexposed to a laboratory
5、simulated electric arc or flame expo-sure.1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailedmanufacturing or purchasing specification, but can be refer-enced in purchase contracts to ensure that minimum perfor-mance requirements are met.1.4 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine co
6、mpli-ance with the performance requirements of this specificationshall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for allsituations to which wearers of this protective clothing may beexposed.1.5 The in-service care and use of this rainwear is beyondthe scope of this specification.1.6 The value
7、s stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units shown in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSections 7 and 9, of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, asso
8、ciatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD751 Test Methods for Coa
9、ted FabricsD1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn2009)3D1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD3393 Specification for Coated FabricsWaterproofnessD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesD6413 Test Meth
10、od for Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-tical Test)F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF1958/F1958M Test Method for Determining the Ignitabil-ity of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing byElectric Arc Exposure Method Using MannequinsF1959/F1959M Test Method for Determining theArc
11、 Ratingof Materials for Clothing2.2 Federal Specifications:4Federal Test Method Standard (FTMS) No. 191A Method5516Federal Test Method Standard (FTMS) No. CCC-T-191bMethod 52042.3 AATCC Standards:AATCC Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes AutomaticHome Laundering of Woven and Knitted Fabrics51This sp
12、ecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.65 on Wearing Apparel.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in
13、2006 as F189106. DOI:10.1520/F1891-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved vers
14、ion of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5AATCC Technical Manual, available from American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, One Davis Dr
15、., PO Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC277092215.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material after theignition source has been removed.3.1.1.1 D
16、iscussionIn arc testing, a visible flaming on ornear a test specimen which persists after the arc exposure hasended. The afterflame ceases when flaming is no longer visible.3.1.2 afterflame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.1
17、.2.1 DiscussionIn arc testing, the length of time forwhich a specimen continues to exhibit a visible flaming asdetermined by a time display video recording of the specimenduring arc testing.3.1.3 arc rating, nvalue attributed to materials that de-scribes their performances to an exposure to an elect
18、ric arcdischarge.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe arc rating is expressed in cal/cm2and is derived from the determined value of ATPV or EBT(should a material system exhibit a breakopen response belowthe ATPV value).3.1.4 arc resistant, adjthe property of a material orclothing system that provides thermal prote
19、ction from an arcexposure.3.1.5 arc thermal performance value (ATPV), nin arctesting, the incident energy on a material or multilayer systemof materials that results in a 50 % probability that sufficientheat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to causethe onset of a second-degree skin
20、burn injury based on the Stollcurve, cal/cm2(j/cm2).3.1.6 breakopen, nin testing thermal protective materials,a material response evidenced by the formation of one or moreholes in the material which may allow thermal energy to passthrough the material.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe specimen shall be consider
21、ed toexhibit breakopen when any hole is at least 3.2 cm2(0.5 in.2)in area or at least 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) in any dimension. Singlethreads across the opening or hole do not reduce the size of thehole for the purposes of this practice. In multiple layerspecimens of flame resistant materials all the layer
22、s mustbreakopen to meet the definition. In multiple layer specimens,if any of the specimen layers are ignitable, these hole dimen-sion criteria for breakopen are applied to the FR layer coveringignitable layer that is closest to the heat exposure surface.3.1.7 breakopen threshold energy(EBT),nthe in
23、cidentenergy on a material or system of materials that results in a 50% probability of breakopen.3.1.7.1 DiscussionBoth EBTand ATPV are determinedand reported for the purposes of this specification.3.1.8 char length, n in measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge which
24、 was directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage after a specified tearing force has been applied.3.1.9 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.10 design test, n for arc and flame resistant rainwear,one ma
25、de on a sample treated as representative of an industrialproduct; these tests will not generally be repeated in quantityproduction.3.1.10.1 DiscussionPerform the design test only when anew or modified rainwear material, substrate, coating oradhesive is used to manufacture rainwear.Achange in rainwea
26、rmaterial could be, but is not limited to, any of the following:The composition, weight or supplier of the substrate, or both,coating, laminate, or adhesive.3.1.11 dripping, nin testing thermal protective fabrics,coated fabrics or laminates, a material response evidenced byflowing of the fiber polym
27、er, the fabric, or the fabric coating,and the evidence of droplets from the material.3.1.12 electric arc ignition, n as related to electric arcexposure, a response that causes the ignition of textile materialwhich is accompanied by heat and light, and then subsequentburning for at least 5 s, or cons
28、umption of at least 25 % of thetest specimen area.3.1.13 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residueas the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.14 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of
29、 a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of theignition source.3.1.15 heat attenuation factor (HAF), nin electric arctesting, the percent of the incident energy which is blocked bya material at an incident energy level equal to ATPV.3.1.16 human tissue heat tole
30、rance, nin testing of thermalprotective materials, the amount of thermal energy transferredto human tissue, which is predicted to cause a second degreeburn; the Stoll curve.3.1.17 incident energy (Ei) , nin electric arc testing, thetotal heat energy received at a surface as a direct result of anelec
31、tric arc.3.1.17.1 DiscussionIn an arc test, incident energy for aspecimen is determined from the average temperature riseresponse of the two monitor sensors adjacent to the testspecimen.3.1.18 melting, nthe liquefaction of material under theinfluence of heat.3.1.19 shrinkage, na decrease in one or m
32、ore dimensionsof an object or material.3.1.19.1 DiscussionShrinkage shall be determined as fol-lows: before mounting the material specimen for arc exposure,measure the specimen width in inches (cm) at the mid pointalong the long dimension of the specimen. After arc exposure,measure the specimen widt
33、h in inches (cm) at the point ofgreatest specimen shrinkage.The “shrinkage” in inches (cm) ofthe specimen is determined by subtracting the specimen widthafter arc exposure from the specimen width before arc expo-sure. The percent shrinkage is determined by dividing the“shrinkage” by the “specimen wi
34、dth” (before arc exposure) andmultiplying by 100.F1891 1223.1.20 stoll curve, ncurve used to predict the onset ofsecond degree burn injury.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe values which make up the Stollcurve are listed in Table X5.1.3.1.21 thermal exposure, nthe intensity of heat energy towhich a fabric is ex
35、posed.3.1.21.1 DiscussionAs related to electric arc testing, thelevel of incident energy, in calories per centimetre squared(cal/cm2), that is transferred to the material surface as deter-mined by measuring the rise in temperature on monitor coppercalorimeters, positioned adjacent to the material.3.
36、1.22 thermal protection, n of a material, the propertythat characterizes overall performance relative to reducing thetransfer of heat that is sufficient to cause a second-degree burn.3.1.22.1 DiscussionThermal protection of a material andthe predicted second-degree burn injury can be quantified byth
37、e measured sensor response and the observed breakopenmaterial response which indicate how well the material blocksheat from the sensor surface and how well the material resistsbreakopen.3.1.23 thermal resistance, nthe reciprocal of thermaltransmittance.3.1.24 thermal material response, nin the testi
38、ng of ther-mal protective materials, the effects that are observed concur-rent and subsequent to thermal exposure, which can includephenomena such as breakopen, charring, embrittlement,melting, shrinkage, etc.3.1.24.1 DiscussionIn electric arc testing, the thermalmaterial response can be a result of
39、 intense radiant energy,convective energy, molten metal splatter from electrodes orshock wave from rapidly expanding heated, ionized air, or anycombination of these.3.1.25 thermal transmittance, ntime rate of unidirectionalheat transfer per unit area, in the steady-state, between parallelplanes sepa
40、rated by unit difference of temperature of theplanes.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of other textile terms usedin this specification refer to Terminology D123, D4391 andF1494.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum performancecriteria for arc resistance, flame resistance and
41、 other require-ments for rainwear used by workers who may be exposed tothermal hazards of momentary electric arcs or flame.4.1.1 Material response characteristics, resulting from thearc exposure shall be reported as a part of the thermalperformance characteristics (see 9.3.4).4.2 This specification
42、establishes minimum performancecriteria for rainwear material and rainwear seams that willprovide workers with protection from rain under conditions ofpossible exposure to the thermal hazards of momentary electricarcs and open flames.4.3 Rainwear material that meets the thermal and physicalperforman
43、ce criteria of this specification has been subjected toan electric arc exposure test, Test Method F1959/F1959M.NOTE 1When rainwear is worn over conventional clothing or flameresistant garments, the rainwear material in combination with fabric(s)worn under the rainwear may also be subjected to the el
44、ectric arc exposuretest, Provisional Test Methods PS 57F1958/F1958M or F1959/F1959Mand the results reported.4.4 The purchaser has the option to perform or haveperformed any of these tests in order to verify the performanceof the rainwear. Claims for failure to meet the specification aresubject to ve
45、rification by the manufacturer.4.5 This specification for rainwear shall not be construed asa requirement for the use of any particular rainwear material.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following items should be considered by the pur-chaser when buying rainwear under this specification andincluded, a
46、s necessary, in purchasing documents:5.1.1 Type of material,5.1.2 Fabric weight (oz/yd2),5.1.3 Type and material of fasteners (buttons, snaps, zippersor hook and loop fasteners),5.1.4 Reflective material sections (optional),5.1.5 Style and design or catalog number,5.1.6 Hood design (attached or deta
47、chable),5.1.7 Sizes,5.1.8 Color,5.1.9 Special identification markings (optional),5.1.10 Jacket length, and5.1.11 Notation of conformance to this specification.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The rainwear shall be manufactured of materials andconstructed using seams that meet the requirements for lea
48、kresistance.6.2 Positive closures, such as buttons or snaps, shall beconstructed so that they are covered by the rainwear outer layermaterial. This will result in the garment having a multiple layerconstruction in the area of the closure. This will also preventthe positive closure from being directl
49、y exposed to the hazard.NOTE 2In limited testing, some uncovered closures may melt andfuse. Constructing the closures so that they are covered as described abovereduces the risk of the melting and fusing observed with uncoveredclosures.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Rainwear material shall meet the physical requirementsof this specification initially as manufactured and shall meetthis specification after five cleanings, when cleaned as directedby the care instructions from the manufacturer.7.1.1 If no cleaning instructions are provided by thema
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