1、Designation: F1939 08F1939 15Standard Test Method forRadiant Heat Resistance of Flame Resistant ClothingMaterials with Continuous Heating1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1939; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method rates the non-steady state thermal resistance or insulating characteristics
3、 of flame resistant clothingmaterials subjected to a continuous, standardized radiant heat exposure.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to clothing materials that are not flame resistant.NOTE 1The determination of a clothing materials flame resistance shall be made prior to testing and done in
4、accordance with the applicableperformance standard, specification standard, or both, for the clothing materials end-use.1.1.2 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure as it does not account forthe thermal energy contained in the test specimen aft
5、er the exposure has ceased.NOTE 2See Appendix X4 for additional information regarding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat under controlledconditions, but does not by itself inc
6、orporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound or other units that
7、are commonly used for thermal testing.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimi
8、tations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricE457 Test Method for Measuring Heat
9、-Transfer Rate Using a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) CalorimeterF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing2.2 ASTM Special Technical Publication:ASTM Report, “ASTM Research Program on Electric Arc Test Method Developments to Evaluate Protective Clothing Fabric;ASTM F18.65.01 Testing Group Report
10、 on Arc Testing Analysis of the F1959 Standard Test Method-Phase I”ASTM Manual 12 Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-open, nin testing thermal protective materials, a material response evidenced by the formation of a hole in thetest
11、 specimen during the thermal exposure that may result in the exposure energy in direct contact with the heat sensor.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and The
12、rmal.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008Feb. 1, 2015. Published February 2008February 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20072008as F1939 - 07.F1939 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/F1939-08.10.1520/F1939-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, o
13、r contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes ha
14、ve been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official do
15、cument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 charring, nthe formation of a carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.3 dripping, na material response evidenced by flowing of the polym
16、er.3.1.4 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue as a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.5 heat flux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted divided by area and time; kW/m2(cal/cm2s).3.1.6 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.1.7 melting, n
17、a material response evidenced by softening of the polymer.3.1.8 non-steady state thermal resistance, nin testing of thermal protective materials, a quantity expressed as thetime-dependent difference between the incident and exiting thermal energy values normal to and across two defined parallelsurfa
18、ces of an exposed thermal insulative material.3.1.9 radiant heat resistance (RHR), nin testing of thermal protective materials, the cumulative amount of thermal exposureenergy identified by the intersection of the measured time-dependent heat transfer response through the subject material to atime-d
19、ependent, empirical performance curve, expressed as a rating or value; kJ/m2 (cal/cm2).3.1.10 response to heat exposure, nin testing the thermal resistance of thermal protective materials, the observable responseof the material to the energy exposure as indicated by break-open, melting, dripping, ch
20、arring, embrittlement, shrinkage, sticking,and ignition.3.1.11 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.3.1.12 sticking, na material response evidenced by softening and adherence of the material to the surface of itself or anothermaterial.3.1.13 For the definitions o
21、f protective clothing terms used in this method, refer to Terminology F1494, and for other textileterms used in this method, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A vertically positioned test specimen is exposed to a radiant heat source with an exposure heat flux of either (a) 21 kW
22、/m2(0.5 cal/cm2s) or (b) 84 kW/m2 (2 cal/cm2s) .s).NOTE 3Other exposure heat flux values are allowed. The test facility shall verify the stability of the exposure level over the materials exposure timeinterval (used to determine the radiant heat resistance value) and include this in the test results
23、 report.4.2 The transfer of heat through the test specimen is measured using a copper slug calorimeter.The change in temperature versustime is used, along with the known thermo-physical properties of copper to determine the respective thermal energy delivered.4.3 A Radiant Heat Resistance rating of
24、the test specimen is determined as the intersection of the time-dependent cumulativeradiant heat response as measured by the calorimeter to a time-dependent, empirical performance curve identified in 10.9.4.4 Subjective observations of the thermal response of tested specimens are optionally noted.5.
25、 Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the radiant heat resistance value of a material, a combination ofmaterials, or a comparison of different materials used in flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to radiant thermal hazards.5.2 This test method evalu
26、ates a materials heat transfer properties when exposed to a continuous and constant radiant heatsource.Air movement at the face of the specimen and around the calorimeter can affect the measured heat transferred due to forcedconvective heat losses. Minimizing the air movement around the specimen and
27、 test apparatus will aid in the repeatability of theresults.5.3 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement, except that resultingfrom the exposure.5.4 This test method specifies two standard sets of exposure conditions: 21 kW/m2 (0.5 cal/cm2s
28、) and 84 kW/m2 (2.0 cal/cm2s).Either can be used.5.4.1 If a different set of exposure conditions is used, it is likely that different results will be obtained.5.4.2 The optional use of other conditions representative of the expected hazard, in addition to the standard set of exposureconditions, is p
29、ermitted. However, the exposure conditions used must be reported with the results along with a determination ofthe exposure energy level stability.5.5 This test method does not predict skin burn injury from the standardized radiant heat exposure.NOTE 4See Appendix X4 for additional information regar
30、ding this test method and predicted skin burn injury.F1939 1526. Apparatus and Materials6.1 General ArrangementThe apparatus consists of a vertically oriented radiant heat source, specimen holder assembly,protective shutter, sensor assembly, and data acquisition/analysis system. The general arrangem
31、ent of the radiant heat source,specimen holder, and protective shutter of a suitable apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Radiant Heat SourceA suitable, vertically oriented radiant heat source is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of a bank of five,500 W infrared, tubular, translucent quartz lamps having a
32、127-mm (5.0-in.) lighted length and a mean overall length of 222 mm(834 in.). The lamps are mounted on 9.5 6 0.4-mm (38 6 164-in.) centers so that the lamp surfaces are approximately 0.4-mm(164-in.) apart. The bank or array of lamps are mounted and centered behind a 63.5 by 140-mm (212 by 512-in.) c
33、ut-out that ispositioned in the center of a 12.7-mm (12-in.) thick, 86-mm (338-in. wide, by 292-mm (1112-in.) long high temperature insulatingboard as shown in Fig. 2. The quartz lamps shall be heated electrically, and the power input controlled by means of a rheostat orvariable power supply having
34、a capacity of at least 25A.6.1.1.1 Setting and monitoring the voltmeter readout on a voltage-controlled variable power supply is one method to calibrateand monitor the exposure level during the testing on a system so equipped. A voltmeter, accurate to 61 V, is typically installedwith the appropriate
35、 load circuit to indicate lamp operating power.6.1.1.2 Any covers or guards installed on the quartz lamp assembly shall be designed such that any convective energy generatedis not allowed to impinge on the sample specimen (vertical, umimpeded ventilation is required.)NOTE 5Radiant measurement system
36、s designed with closed lamp assembly covers and covers with minimal ventilation have been found to exhibitlarge measurement biases in round robin testing.NOTE 6Transite monolithic, non-asbestos fiber cement board3,4 has been found to be effective as a high temperature insulating board.3 The sole sou
37、rce of supply of this type of product known to the committee at this time is BNZ Materials, Inc., 6901 South Pierce Street, Suite 260, Littleton, CO 80128,Ph: 800-999-0890.4 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments w
38、ill receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 General Expanded View of a Compliant Radiant Resistance Performance Test Apparatus (See Figures 2, 3, and 4 for specificitem details.)F1939 1536.1.2 Specimen Holder AssemblyA specimen h
39、older and holder plate with a 64 by 152-mm (212 by 6-in.) center cut-out ispositioned so that the distance from the nearest lamp surface to the test specimen is 25.4 6 0.4 mm (1.0 6 164 in.). The rear holderplate thickness is 0.9 6 0.05 mm (0.036 6 0.002 in.) and includes a bracket to hold the coppe
40、r calorimeter sensor assembly. Thisrear plate holds the specimen in place so that it covers the complete cutout section (see typical designs shown in Figs. 3 and 4).Several specimen holders are recommended to facilitate testing.NOTE 7The copper calorimeter sensor assembly holder plate bracket is con
41、structed such that the calorimeter assembly is in a reproducible fixedvertical position when installed and is held flush and rigidly against the rear holder plate.6.1.3 Protective ShutterAprotective shutter, as shown in Fig. 3, is placed between the radiant energy source and the specimen.The protect
42、ive shutter blocks the radiant energy just prior to the exposure of a specimen. Manual or mechanically operated shutterdesigns are allowed with and without water-cooling.6.1.4 Rheostat or Variable Power SupplyAstandard laboratory rheostat or appropriate power supply with a capacity of at least25 A,
43、which is capable of controlling the output intensity of the tubes over the range specified in 4.1.FIG. 2 Detailed View of Position of Quartz Lamps on Thermal Insulating BoardFIG. 3 Detailed View of a Compliant Radiant Protective Performance Test Apparatus Showing Holder with Window, Manual ShutterPl
44、ate, and Specimen Holder with Calorimeter Brackets. (A magnet/tab arrangement is shown as an equipment design option to holdthe specimen holder to the assembly.)F1939 1546.1.5 SensorThe radiant heat sensor is a 4 6 0.05 cm diameter circular copper slug calorimeter constructed from electricalgrade co
45、pper with a mass of 18 6 0.05 g (prior to drilling) with a single iron-constantan (ANSI Type J) thermocouple wire bead(0.254 mm wire diameter or finerequivalent to 30 AWG) installed as identified in 6.1.5.2 and shown in Fig. 5 (see Test MethodE457 for information regarding slug calorimeters). The se
46、nsor holder shall be constructed from non-conductive heat resistantmaterial with a thermal conductivity value of 0.15 W/mK, high temperature stability, and resistance to thermal shock. The boardshall be nominally 1.3 cm (0.5 in.) or greater in thickness and meet the specimen holder assembly requirem
47、ents of 6.1.2.The sensoris held into the recess of the board using three straight pins, trimmed to a nominal length of 5 mm, by placing them equidistantaround the edge of the sensor so that the heads of the pins hold the sensor flush to the surface.6.1.5.1 Paint the exposed surface of the copper slu
48、g calorimeters with a thin coating of a flat black high temperature spray paintwith an absorptivity of 0.9 or greater.4,5 The painted sensor must be dried and cured, in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, before use and present a uniformly applied coating (no visual thick spots or surface
49、 irregularities). In the absence ofmanufacturers instructions, an external heat source (for example, an external heat lamp), shall be used to completely drive off anyremaining organic carriers in a freshly painted surface before use.NOTE 8Absorptivity of painted calorimeters is discussed in theASTM Report, “ASTM Research Program on ElectricArc Test Method Developmentto Evaluate Protective Clothing Fabric; ASTM F18.65.01 Testing Group Report on Arc Testing Analysis of the F1959 Standard Test MethodPhase I.”6.1.5.2 The thermocouple wi
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