ASTM F1958 F1958M-1999(2010) Standard Test Method for Determining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing by Electric Arc Exposure Method Using Mannequins《用人.pdf

1、Designation: F1958/F1958M 99 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materialsfor Clothing by Electric Arc Exposure Method UsingMannequins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1958/F1958M; the number immediately following the desig

2、nation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to ide

3、ntify materials that areignitable and that can continue to burn when exposed to anelectric arc, and determines (a) the incident exposure energythat causes ignition, and (b) the probability of ignition.1.2 The specimens tested in this test method are materialsfabricated in the form of shirts.1.3 This

4、 test method shall be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arcunder controlled laboratory conditions.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separat

5、ely as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraisethe fire hazar

6、d or fire risk of materials, products, or assembliesunder actual fire conditions. However, results of this test maybe used as elements of a fire assessment which takes intoaccount all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessmentof the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.6 This standard does

7、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 For specific precautions, see Sec

8、tion 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF1506 Performance Specification for Flame Resistant andArc Rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel

9、for Useby Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arcand Related Thermal HazardsF1959/F1959M Test Method for Determining the Arc Rat-ing of Materials for Clothing2.2 ANSI/IEEE Standards:3Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 See also Ter

10、minology D4391.3.1.2 arc duration, ntime duration of the arc, s.3.1.3 arc energy, vi dt, nsum of the instantaneous arcvoltage values multiplied by the instantaneous arc currentvalues multiplied by the incremental time values during thearc, J.3.1.4 arc gap, ndistance between the arc electrodes, in.3.

11、1.5 arc voltage, nvoltage across the gap caused by thecurrent flowing through the resistance created by the arc gap,V.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.65 on Wearing Appa

12、rel.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997 as PS 57 97. Last previous edition approved in 2005 asF1958/F1958M-99(2005). DOI: 10.1520/F1958_F1958M-99R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se

13、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., 345 E.47th St., New York, NY 10017.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor

14、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.6 asymmetrical arc current, nthe total arc currentproduced during closure; it includes a direct component and asymmetrical component, A.3.1.7 blowout, nthe extinguishing of the arc caused by amagnetic field.3.1.8 closure, npoin

15、t on supply current wave form wherearc is initiated.3.1.9 delta peak temperature, ndifference between themaximum temperature and the initial temperature of the sensorduring the test, C.3.1.10 heatflux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by theamount of energy transmitted per unit area and time (cal/cm

16、2s)(W/cm2).3.1.11 i2t, nsum of the instantaneous arc current valuessquared multiplied by the incremental time values during thearc, A2/s.3.1.12 ignitability, n (ignitable, adj)in electric arc expo-sure, the property of a material involving ignition accompaniedby heat and light, and continued burning

17、 resulting in consump-tion of at least 25 % of the exposed area of the test specimen.3.1.13 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.1.14 incident energy (Ei), nthe amount of energy (totalheat, cal/cm2) received at a surface as a direct result of anelectrical arc discharge as measured by temperatur

18、e rise oncopper calorimeters.3.1.15 incident energy monitoring sensorssensorsmounted on each side of the mannequins.3.1.15.1 DiscussionSensors use the calorimeters de-scribed in Test Method F1959/F1959M.3.1.16 peak arc current, nmaximum value of the AC arccurrent, A.3.1.17 RMS arc current, nroot mea

19、n square of the AC arccurrent, A.3.1.18 time to delta peak temperature, nthe time frombeginning of the initiation of the arc to the time the delta peaktemperature is reached, s.3.1.19 X/R ratio, nthe ratio of system inductive reactanceto resistance. It is proportional to the L/R ratio of time consta

20、nt,and is, therefore, indicative of the rate of decay of any DCoffset. A large X/R ratio corresponds to a large time constantand a slow rate of decay.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminologies D123 and F1494.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test metho

21、d exposes a material to heat energy froman electric arc, and determines (a) the incident exposure energythat causes ignition, and (b) the probability of ignition.4.1.1 During this procedure, a material is observed forignitability during and after exposure to an electric arc.4.2 Material performance

22、is determined from the ignitabilityof the specimen(s).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the ignitability of materialsin single or multiple layers.5.1.1 Material performance shall be determined from theignitability of the specimen(s) and shall be reported as aprobability of ignit

23、ion at various incident energy levels.5.1.2 Materials which meet the flame resistance require-ments of Specification F1506 do not require testing by this testmethod unless the mechanism of passing Specification F1506involves melting and escape from the flame source (forexample, coated fabrics, certa

24、in rainwear fabrics).5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static,vertical position and does not involve movement except thatresulting from the exposure.5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposureconditions. Different exposure conditions may produce differ-ent results. In ad

25、dition to the standard set of exposure condi-tions, other conditions representative of the expected hazardmay be used.6. Apparatus6.1 General Arrangement for Determining Ignitability Us-ing Mannequins and Monitor SensorsThe test apparatusshall consist of supply bus, arc controller, recorder, arcelec

26、trodes, mannequins, and incident energy monitoring sen-sors. The arc exposure shall be monitored with two incidentenergy monitoring sensors for each mannequin.6.1.1 Arrangement of the MannequinsA minimum of twomannequins with two monitoring sensors each shall be used foreach test. Position monitor s

27、ensors on each side of themannequins as shown in Fig. 1. An additional mannequin withmonitoring sensors may be placed around the arc as shown inFig. 2 to evaluate multiple samples of the same materials at thesame distance from the arc. Each mannequin shall be visuallyobserved for ignition.6.1.2 Spec

28、imen HolderUse a male mannequin torso, sizelarge, made from non-conductive fiberglass construction. (Amannequin, such as Model 7001 D, Morgese Soriano orequivalent is acceptable). The mannequin shall be constructedin an erect posture. The mannequin head may be removable.The mannequins shall have det

29、achable arms that are straightand mount in a vertical position to allow the test specimen atthe chest to be the closest point to the centerline of the arc. Thearms of the mannequins may be shortened to 4 in. 102 mm topermit ease of specimen mounting. The position of the man-nequins from the centerli

30、ne of the arc electrodes shall beadjustable from 8 in. 203 mm to 24 in. 610 mm as shownin Figs. 1 and 3.FIG. 1 Mannequin With Monitor SensorsF1958/F1958M 99 (2010)26.1.3 The mannequins may be instrumented. Refer to Ap-pendix X1.6.2 Supply Bus and ElectrodesA typical arrangement ofthe supply bus and

31、arc electrodes is shown in Fig. 2. The arcshall be in a vertical position as shown.6.2.1 ElectrodesMake the electrodes from stainless steel(Alloy Type 303 or Type 304) rod of a nominal34-in. 19-mmdiameter. Lengths of 18 in. 450 mm long initially have beenfound to be adequate.6.2.2 Fuse WireA fuse wi

32、re, connecting the ends ofopposing electrodes tips, is used to initiate the arc. This wire isconsumed during the test; therefore, its mass shall be verysmall to reduce the chance of molten metal burns. The fusewire shall be a copper wire with a diameter no greater than 0.02in. 0.05 mm.6.3 Electric S

33、upplyThe electric supply should be suffi-cient to allow for the discharge of an electric arc with a gap ofup to 12 in. 305 mm, with alternating arc current from 4000up to 25 000 amperes and with arc duration from 3 cycles 0.05s up to 90 cycles 1.5 s from a 60 Hz supply. The X/R ratioof the test circ

34、uit shall be such that the test current contains aDC component resulting in the first peak of the test currenthaving a magnitude of 2.3 times the symmetrical RMS value.6.4 Test Circuit ControlRepeat exposures of the arc cur-rents shall not deviate more than 2 % per test from the selectedtest level.

35、The make switch shall be capable of point on waveclosing within 0.2 cycles from test to test, such that the closingangle will produce maximum asymmetrical current with anX/R ratio of the test circuit as stated in 6.3. The arc current,duration, and voltage shall be measured. The arc, current,duration

36、, voltage and energy shall be displayed in graph formand stored in digital format.6.5 Data Acquisition SystemThe system shall be capableof recording voltage, current, and sufficient calorimeter outputsas required by the test. The sensitivity and accuracy of the dataacquisition system shall be as des

37、cribed in Test MethodF1959/F1959M.FIG. 2 Supply Bus and Arc Electrodes Showing Mannequin(s) Position(s)F1958/F1958M 99 (2010)36.6 Data Acquisition System ProtectionDue to the natureof this type of testing, the use of isolating devices on thecalorimeter outputs to protect the acquisition system is re

38、com-mended.7. Precautions7.1 The test apparatus discharges large amounts of energy.In addition, the electric arc produces very intense light. Careshould be taken to protect personnel working in the area.Workers should be behind protective barriers or at a safedistance to prevent electrocution and co

39、ntact with moltenmetal. Workers wishing to directly view the test should usevery heavily tinted glasses such as ANSI/ASC Filter Shade 12welding glasses. If the test is conducted indoors, there shall bea means to ventilate the area to carry away combustionproducts, smoke, and fumes. Air currents can

40、disturb the arc,reducing the heatflux at the surface of any of the calorimeters.The test apparatus should be shielded by non-combustiblematerials suitable for the test area. Outdoor tests shall beconducted in a manner appropriate to prevent exposure of thetest specimen to moisture and wind (the elem

41、ents). The leads tothe test apparatus should be positioned to prevent blowout ofthe electric arc. The test apparatus should be insulated fromground for the appropriate test voltage.7.2 The test apparatus, electrodes and calorimeter assem-blies become hot during testing. Use protective gloves whenhan

42、dling these hot objects.7.3 Use care when the specimen ignites or releases combus-tible gases. An appropriate fire extinguisher should be readilyavailable. Ensure all materials are fully extinguished.7.4 Immediately after each test, the electric supply shall beshut off from the test apparatus and al

43、l other lab equipmentused to generate the arc. The apparatus and other laboratoryequipment shall be isolated and grounded. After data acquisi-tion has been completed, appropriate methods shall be used toventilate the test area before it is entered by personnel. No oneshould enter the test area prior

44、 to exhausting all smoke andfumes.8. Sampling and Specimen Preparation8.1 Test Specimens for Mannequin TestFrom the materialto be tested, make specimens according to standards for largemens long sleeve shirts. Body measurements in inches are:neck size, 1612; chest, 44; waist, 39; hip, 45; and sleeve

45、 length34. Reference McCalls pattern No. 4641 size 1612 . Frontpockets are to be eliminated.8.1.1 The fabric direction shall be that normally used forconstructing shirts.8.2 Conditioning of Test Specimens:8.2.1 Launder the required number of test specimens.8.2.1.1 Launder three times in a washing ma

46、chine usingcommercially available detergent without chlorine bleach andwith a warm 120F (50C) water setting.NOTE 1Drying is not required following the first two launderings.8.2.1.2 Following the three laundering cycles, tumble dry ina dryer on a setting appropriate for the fabric. Removespecimens wh

47、en dry.8.2.1.3 Samples may be restored to a flat condition bypressing.8.2.2 For those materials that require cleaning other thanlaundering, follow the manufacturers recommended practiceand note the procedure used in the test reports.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Data Collection System Precal

48、ibrationThe data col-lection system shall be calibrated by using a thermocouplecalibrator/simulator. This will allow calibrations to be made atmultiple points and at levels above 100C. Due to the nature ofthe tests frequent calibration checks are recommended.9.2 Calorimeter Calibration CheckCalorime

49、ters shall bechecked to verify proper operation. Measure and graph thetemperature rise of each calorimeter and system response. At30 s no one calorimeter response shall vary by more than 4Cfrom the average of all calorimeters. Any calorimeter notmeeting this requirement shall be suspected of faulty connec-tions and shall be replaced or repaired.NOTE 2One acceptable method is to expose each calorimeter to afixed radiant energy source for 30s. For example, place the front surfaceof a 500 W spot light 10.5 in. from the ca