ASTM F1958 F1958M-2012 Standard Test Method for Determining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing by Electric Arc Exposure Method Using Mannequins《用人体模型的电弧.pdf

1、Designation: F1958/F1958M 99 (Reapproved 2010) F1958/F1958M 12Standard Test Method forDetermining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materialsfor Clothing by Electric Arc Exposure Method UsingMannequins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1958/F1958M; the number immediately fol

2、lowing the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test metho

3、d is used to identify materials that are ignitable and that can continue to burn when exposed to an electricarc, and determines (a) the incident exposure energy that causes ignition, and (b) the probability of ignition.1.2 The specimens tested in this test method are materials fabricated in the form

4、 of shirts.1.3 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response toconvective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are

5、to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard shall not be used to describe o

6、r appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all ofthe factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end

7、 use.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.7 For spec

8、ific precautions, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of TextilesF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF1506 Performance Specification for Flame Resistant and Arc Rated Textile Mat

9、erials for Wearing Apparel for Use by ElectricalWorkers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal HazardsF1959/F1959M Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating of Materials for Clothing2.2 ANSI/IEEE Standards:3Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms33. Terminology3.1 Def

10、initions:3.1.1 See also Terminology D4391.3.1.2 arc duration, ntime duration of the arc, s.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF18.65 on Wearing Apparel.Current edition appro

11、ved Oct. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2010November 2012. Originally approved in 1997 as PS 57 97. Last previous edition approvedin 20052010 as F1958/F1958M-99(2005)./F1958M-99(2010). DOI: 10.1520/F1958_F1958M-99R10.10.1520/F1958_F1958M-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM we

12、bsite, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 1

13、0017.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prio

14、r editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 arc energy, vi dt, nsum of the instan

15、taneous arc voltage values multiplied by the instantaneous arc current valuesmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc, J.3.1.4 arc gap, ndistance between the arc electrodes, in.cm in.3.1.5 arc voltage, nvoltage across the gap caused by the current flowing through the resistance creat

16、ed by the arc gap, V.3.1.6 asymmetrical arc current, nthe total arc current produced during closure; it includes a direct component and asymmetrical component, A.3.1.7 blowout, nthe extinguishing of the arc caused by a magnetic field.3.1.8 closure, npoint on supply current wave form where arc is ini

17、tiated.3.1.9 delta peak temperature, ndifference between the maximum temperature and the initial temperature of the sensor duringthe test, C.3.1.9 heatflux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted per unit area and time (cal/cm2s)(W/cm2).3.1.10 i2t, nsum of the instantan

18、eous arc current values squared multiplied by the incremental time values during the arc, A2/s.3.1.11 ignitability, n (ignitable, adj)in electric arc exposure, the property of a material involving ignition accompanied by heatand light, and continued burning resulting in consumption of at least 25 %

19、of the exposed area of the test specimen.3.1.12 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.3.1.13 incident energy (Ei) , nthe amount of energy (total heat, cal/cm2) received at a surface as a direct result of an electricalarc discharge as measured by temperature rise on copper calorimeters.3.1.14 incid

20、ent energy monitoring sensorssensors mounted on each side of the mannequins.3.1.14.1 DiscussionSensors use the calorimeters described in Test Method F1959/F1959M.3.1.15 peak arc current, nmaximum value of the AC arc current, A.3.1.16 RMS arc current, nroot mean square of the AC arc current, A.3.1.18

21、 time to delta peak temperature, nthe time from beginning of the initiation of the arc to the time the delta peaktemperature is reached, s.3.1.17 X/R ratio, nthe ratio of system inductive reactance to resistance. It is proportional to the L/R ratio of time constant,and is, therefore, indicative of t

22、he rate of decay of any DC offset. A large X/R ratio corresponds to a large time constant and a slowrate of decay.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminologies D123 and F1494.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method exposes a material to heat energy

23、 from an electric arc, and determines (a) the incident exposure energythat causes ignition, and ( b) the probability of ignition.4.1.1 During this procedure, a material is observed for ignitability during and after exposure to an electric arc.4.2 Material performance is determined from the ignitabil

24、ity of the specimen(s).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method determines the ignitability of materials in single or multiple layers.5.1.1 Material performance shall be determined from the ignitability of the specimen(s) and shall be reported as a probabilityof ignition at various incident energ

25、y levels.5.1.2 Materials which meet the flame resistance requirements of Specification F1506 do not require testing by this test methodunless the mechanism of passing Specification F1506 involves melting and escape from the flame source (for example, coatedfabrics, certain rainwear fabrics).5.2 This

26、 test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resultingfrom the exposure.5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of exposure conditions. Different exposure conditions may produce different results.In addition to the standard set of

27、 exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used.6. Apparatus6.1 General Arrangement for Determining Ignitability Using Mannequins and Monitor SensorsThe test apparatus shallconsist of supply bus, arc controller, recorder, arc electrodes, mannequins, and incid

28、ent energy monitoring sensors. The arcexposure shall be monitored with two incident energy monitoring sensors for each mannequin.F1958/F1958M 1226.1.1 Arrangement of the MannequinsA minimum of two mannequins with two monitoring sensors each shall be used for eachtest. Position monitor sensors on eac

29、h side of the mannequins as shown in Fig. 1. An additional mannequin with monitoring sensorsmay be placed around the arc as shown in Fig. 2 to evaluate multiple samples of the same materials at the same distance from thearc. Each mannequin shall be visually observed for ignition.6.1.2 Specimen Holde

30、rUse a male mannequin torso, size large, made from non-conductive fiberglass construction. (Amannequin, such as Model 7001 D, Morgese Soriano or equivalent is acceptable). The mannequin shall be constructed in an erectposture. The mannequin head may be removable. The mannequins shall have detachable

31、 arms that are straight and mount in avertical position to allow the test specimen at the chest to be the closest point to the centerline of the arc. The arms of themannequins may be shortened to 4 in. 102 mm to permit ease of specimen mounting. The position of the mannequins from thecenterline of t

32、he arc electrodes shall be adjustable from 8 in. 203 mm to 24 in. 610 mm as shown in Figs. 1 and 3.6.1.3 The mannequins may be instrumented. Refer to Appendix X1.6.2 Supply Bus and ElectrodesA typical arrangement of the supply bus and arc electrodes is shown in Fig. 2. The arc shallbe in a vertical

33、position as shown.6.2.1 ElectrodesMake the electrodes from stainless steel (Alloy Type 303 or Type 304) rod of a nominal 34-in. 19-mmdiameter. Lengths of 18 in. 450 mm long initially have been found to be adequate.6.2.2 Fuse WireA fuse wire, connecting the ends of opposing electrodes tips, is used t

34、o initiate the arc. This wire is consumedduring the test; therefore, its mass shall be very small to reduce the chance of molten metal burns. The fuse wire shall be a copperwire with a diameter no greater than 0.02 in. 0.05 mm.6.3 Electric SupplyThe electric supply should be sufficient to allow for

35、the discharge of an electric arc with a gap of up to12 in. 305 mm, with alternating arc current from 4000 up to 25 000 amperes and with arc duration from 3 cycles 0.05 s up to90 cycles 1.5 s from a 60 Hz supply. The X/R ratio of the test circuit shall be such that the test current contains a DC comp

36、onentresulting in the first peak of the test current having a magnitude of 2.3 times the symmetrical RMS value.6.4 Test Circuit ControlRepeat exposures of the arc currents shall not deviate more than 2 % per test from the selected testlevel. The make switch shall be capable of point on wave closing

37、within 0.2 cycles from test to test, such that the closing anglewill produce maximum asymmetrical current with an X/R ratio of the test circuit as stated in 6.3. The arc current, duration, andvoltage shall be measured. The arc, current, duration, voltage and energy shall be displayed in graph form a

38、nd stored in digitalformat.6.5 Data Acquisition SystemThe system shall be capable of recording voltage, current, and sufficient calorimeter outputs asrequired by the test. The sensitivity and accuracy of the data acquisition system shall be as described in Test MethodF1959/F1959M.6.6 Data Acquisitio

39、n System ProtectionDue to the nature of this type of testing, the use of isolating devices on the calorimeteroutputs to protect the acquisition system is recommended.7. Precautions7.1 The test apparatus discharges large amounts of energy. In addition, the electric arc produces very intense light. Ca

40、re shouldbe taken to protect personnel working in the area. Workers should be behind protective barriers or at a safe distance to preventelectrocution and contact with molten metal. Workers wishing to directly view the test should use very heavily tinted glasses suchas ANSI/ASC Filter Shade 12 weldi

41、ng glasses. If the test is conducted indoors, there shall be a means to ventilate the area to carryaway combustion products, smoke, and fumes. Air currents can disturb the arc, reducing the heatflux at the surface of any of thecalorimeters. The test apparatus should be shielded by non-combustible ma

42、terials suitable for the test area. Outdoor tests shall beFIG. 1 Mannequin With Monitor SensorsF1958/F1958M 123conducted in a manner appropriate to prevent exposure of the test specimen to moisture and wind (the elements). The leads to thetest apparatus should be positioned to prevent blowout of the

43、 electric arc. The test apparatus should be insulated from ground forthe appropriate test voltage.7.2 The test apparatus, electrodes and calorimeter assemblies become hot during testing. Use protective gloves when handlingthese hot objects.7.3 Use care when the specimen ignites or releases combustib

44、le gases. An appropriate fire extinguisher should be readilyavailable. Ensure all materials are fully extinguished.7.4 Immediately after each test, the electric supply shall be shut off from the test apparatus and all other lab equipment usedto generate the arc. The apparatus and other laboratory eq

45、uipment shall be isolated and grounded. After data acquisition has beencompleted, appropriate methods shall be used to ventilate the test area before it is entered by personnel. No one should enter thetest area prior to exhausting all smoke and fumes.8. Sampling and Specimen Preparation8.1 Test Spec

46、imens for Mannequin TestFrom the material to be tested, make specimens according to standards for large menslong sleeve shirts. Body measurements in inches are: neck size, 16 12 ; chest, 44; waist, 39; hip, 45; and sleeve length 34. ReferenceMcCalls pattern No. 4641 size 16 12 . Front pockets are to

47、 be eliminated.8.1.1 The fabric direction shall be that normally used for constructing shirts.8.2 Conditioning of Test Specimens:FIG. 2 Supply Bus and Arc Electrodes Showing Mannequin(s) Position(s)F1958/F1958M 1248.2.1 Launder the required number of test specimens.8.2.1.1 Launder three times in a w

48、ashing machine using commercially available detergent without chlorine bleach and with awarm 120F (50C) water setting.NOTE 1Drying is not required following the first two launderings.8.2.1.2 Following the three laundering cycles, tumble dry in a dryer on a setting appropriate for the fabric. Remove

49、specimenswhen dry.8.2.1.3 Samples may be restored to a flat condition by pressing.8.2.2 For those materials that require cleaning other than laundering, follow the manufacturers recommended practice and notethe procedure used in the test reports.9. Calibration and Standardization9.1 Data Collection System PrecalibrationThe data collection system shall be calibrated by using a thermocouplecalibrator/simulator. This will allow calibrations to be made at multiple points and at levels above 100C. Due to the nature of t