ASTM F1975-2002 Standard Specification for Nonpowered Bicycle Trailers Designed for Human Passengers《载人用非动力自行车挂斗车标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 1975 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forNonpowered Bicycle Trailers Designed for HumanPassengers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of

2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonpowered trailers intendedto be pulled behind bicycles in order to

3、 transport one or twochildren with accessory loads with a maximum weight of 45.4kg (100 lb). It includes test methods for confirming that thisspecification is satisfied.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The

4、 following caveat pertains only to the test methodsportion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices

5、 anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD 1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel TextilesD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsG23 Practice for Operat

6、ing Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)32.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels2.3 Federal Standards:5Title 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i) Hazardous SubstanceTitle 16, CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi) Flame Te

7、stingTitle 16, CFR 1500.44 FlammabilityTitle 16, CFR 1500.48 Sharp PointsTitle 16, CFR 1500.49 Sharp EdgesTitle 16, CFR 1501 Small PartsTitle 16, CFR 1303 Lead in CoatingsTitle 16, CFR 1512 Requirements for Bicycles, Sections:1512.18(n), Reflector Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific

8、to This Standard:3.1.1 backrest, nthe segment of the seat that is designed tosupport the occupants back. This may or may not includesupport for the upper body, including the head and neck.3.1.2 bicycle trailer (trailer), na transporting device de-signed to provide a restrained seating position to on

9、e or moreoccupants, with fastening arrangements for attaching the de-vice, and towing it, behind a bicycle.3.1.3 hard horizontal surface, na surface, perpendicularto the direction of gravity, such as level ground or buildingfloor, whose surface is either concrete, pavement, or similarrigid material

10、whose deflection, while carrying the weight of afully loaded trailer, does not exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) from theunloaded horizontal plane at any point.3.1.4 normal use, napplications described as intended usefor the product found within the manufacturers instructionalliterature.3.1.5 normal use temp

11、eratures, ntemperature rangewithin which it should be anticipated that the trailer may beused to transport children. The range is from 7 6 2C to +506 2C.3.1.6 occupant, na child or person who is restrained in aseated position inside the trailer and whose skills do notcontribute to the overall operat

12、ion and performance of thevehicle.3.1.7 restrain, vto prevent the occupant(s) of the trailerfrom leaving the seated position on the seat of the trailer bymeans of a restraint system (designed by the manufacturer)when used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.3.1.8 rider, na person whose

13、 skills contribute to theoverall operation and performance of the vehicle.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 onBicycles.Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published June 200

14、2. Originallypublished as F 1975 99. Last previous edition F 1975 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM

15、website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO

16、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.9 seated height space, na dimension of space that iswithin the protective structure of a trailer. This space is themeasured height of the occupants protective cavity, measuredfrom the seat bottom and along the backrest to the top of thes

17、pace allowed for occupants.3.1.10 test dummy, na dummy that shall be of a designconsistent with the use of the trailer seat and restraint system.It shall have adequate head/neck, shoulder, and arm geometryto ensure proper application of the upper body restraints. Theweight of the dummy shall be 22.7

18、 kg (50 lb). The upper legs,measured perpendicularly from the dummys back, shall ex-tend a minimum of 375 mm (14.8 in.). The dummys back isthe surface of the dummy that is in contact with the seat backwhen the dummy is seated. The dummys bottom is the surfaceof the dummy that is in contact with the

19、seat bottom when thedummy is in the seated position. The weight distributionthroughout the dummy shall result in a center of gravityposition that is 230 6 10 mm (9.16 0.4 in.) from the dummysbottom and 1306 10 mm (5.0 6 0.4 in.) from the dummysback when in the seated position.3.1.11 tongue, na rigid

20、 structure or pole that extends fromthe frame of the trailer to the hitch to the bicycle.3.1.12 useful product lifecycle, nallowable range of timefor continued use of product from date of manufacture asdescribed within the manufacturers instructional literature.4. Requirements4.1 GeneralBicycle trai

21、lers shall be designed and manu-factured in such a way that components with which anoccupant may come in contact do not cause injury when usedin accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Exposedsurfaces shall be free from burrs, sharp edges, and points. Referto Title 16, CFR 1500, Parts 48 and

22、 49, and Title 16, CFR1501. No openings with which the occupants hands can comein contact shall have dimensions between 6 mm (0.236 in.) and13 mm (0.512 in.). Trailers shall be equipped with rearreflectors; side reflectors are required on wheels. Refer to Title16, CFR 1512, Parts 16 and 18(n). The m

23、anufacturer shall warnthe rider that a load added to the bicycle will alter the stabilityand riding characteristics of the bicycle.4.2 EquipmentTrailers shall be equipped with the follow-ing equipment: seating area, footrest area, space for helmetedhead, devices that reduce contact of the hands and

24、feet withmoving or movable components of the trailer or the bicyclethat could cause injury, and adjustable belt(s) or other captur-ing devices designed to restrain the occupant when seated.4.3 AttachmentThe attachment process for connecting thetrailer to the bicycle shall be of a simple and secure p

25、rocedure.If tools are required for attachment, attaching shall be accom-plished with common household tools.4.4 DimensionsBackrests shall have a minimum height of350 mm (13.8 in.). The seated height space shall be a minimumof 55 cm (22 in.).4.5 Materials:4.5.1 All nonmetallic materials that compose

26、structuralcomponents will be subjected to either (1) 100 h of acceleratedweathering in accordance with Method 1 of Practice G23,or(2) 60 h of accelerated weathering in accordance with PracticeD 4329. The material sample will then be subjected to a tensilestrength test with increasing load until fail

27、ure. An identicalsample of the same material, not subjected to the acceleratedweathering test, will then be subjected to the same tensilestrength test. The failure load of the accelerated weatheringsample shall be a minimum of 60 % of the failure load of theunweathered sample.4.5.2 All metallic mate

28、rials from structural componentsshall be tested in accordance with the Salt Spray Test inPractice B117for a period of 96 h. Materials should be placedin the test environment in a condition consistent with theirapplication on the trailer, with surface coatings and openingssealed or open as in normal

29、use. After exposure to the saltspray, inspect for evidence of corrosion. No corrosion beyond20 % of the primary metal material wall thickness is permitted.Painted portions shall comply with Title 16, CFR 1303.4.5.3 Mechanical properties of materials used in the con-struction of bicycle trailers shal

30、l not fail under normal useapplications, and within useful product lifecycle, as a result ofexposure to the temperature variances defined as normal usetemperatures in 3.1.5.4.5.4 Materials known to be a hazardous substance, asdefined in Title 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i), shall not be used.4.5.5 Material

31、s other than fabrics shall not support flamepropagation in excess of the requirements of Title 16, CFR1500.3(c)(6)(vi) when flame tested to Title 16, CFR1500.44.Fabrics shall achieve a Class 1 rating when tested in accor-dance with Test Method D 1230.5. Test Methods5.1 Strength TestsThe dummy, or du

32、mmies, to be used inthe following tests shall comply with the dummy specificationin 3.1.10.5.1.1 Impact Drop TestErect the trailer in the manufac-turers suggested use configuration. Stow or remove the tongueand hitch and other coupling system elements that have beendesigned for stowing or removal. R

33、estrain a dummy into eachseating position in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions for restraining occupants and for achieving maximumoccupancy for the trailer. Mark a point on the seat back and asecond point on the front frame of the trailer. Select both pointson the front/rear centerline

34、 of the trailer. Measure the distancebetween these two points. This represents the first measure. Bya convenient method, elevate the trailer above a hard horizontalsurface. The closest part of the trailer to that surface shall be aminimum of 1.2 m (3.9 ft) above the surface. The trailersnormal direc

35、tion of motion shall be oriented along a path thatis in the acceleration of gravity and perpendicular to thehorizontal surface. Release the trailer to drop onto the surface.The method of release shall ensure that the initial impact is onthe forward part of the trailers protective frame. Measure thed

36、istance between the two marked points. This is the secondmeasure. The difference between the first and second measuresshall be no greater than 25 mm (1.0 in.). Inspect the seatrestraints and seat anchors. No part of the restraint system,including anchors, shall have failed.5.1.2 Structural Integrity

37、 in Rollover (Two-Wheel Trailers):5.1.2.1 Erect the trailer in the manufacturers suggested useposition and mark a point in the middle of the seat. Then marksimilar points around the seating area at points on the trailersF1975022frame that lie along the perimeter of the protective shell for theoccupa

38、nt. Mark as many perimeter points as needed to definehead clearance and shoulder width for the range of occupantsizes allowed by the manufacturer. Measure and record thestraight-line distance from the point marked on the seat to eachpoint on the perimeter. Restrain a dummy into the trailer seat.For

39、multiple-occupant trailers, restrain additional dummies asrequired to bring the trailer to maximum occupancy as definedby the manufacturer.5.1.2.2 Construct a tilt table 1.0 m (39.4 in.) wide and longenough to support the trailer in its normal use configuration,where“ long” refers to the length of t

40、he trailer from front-to-back, including the length of the coupling system. The tilt tableis intended to roll the trailer over sideways onto a hard flatsurface. The table will be hinged along one edge of its widthand will be capable of a downward rotation from horizontal of60 about that hinge. An an

41、tislip bar with a height of 3.2 mm(0.125 in.) is fixed in a position to contact the trailer wheel,furthest from the hinge, when the trailer is placed in a centeredposition along the width of the table. The bar shall be longenough to engage the wheel along its area of contact with thetable to prevent

42、 the trailer from slipping as the table is tilted.The trailer hitch will be simply supported at the hitch by a flathorizontal surface at the height normal for attachment to abicycle.5.1.2.3 Place the trailer on the tilt table with one wheel incontact with the antislip bar and the hitch resting on th

43、e surfaceprovided to support it. By a convenient method, graduallyrotate the table about the hinges to lower the trailer. The speedof rotation should be slow enough to ensure that the downsidewheel remains in contact with the table until rollover separatesthe wheels from the table. Allow the trailer

44、 to roll over freelyonto the horizontal surface until it comes to rest. The trailerframe shall not fracture or fail at any point. Remove eachdummy from the trailer and then measure and record thestraight-line distance from the marked seat point to each pointon the perimeter. Compare these measuremen

45、ts to those takenprior to the test. The difference between any pre-test measure-ment and the corresponding post-test measurement, indicatingthe rack, bend, or deformation of any point on the geometry ofthe frame as measured from the middle of the seat bottom, shallbe less than 25 mm (1.0 in.).5.2 Ti

46、pover Resistance Tests:5.2.1 Tilting ProcedureTilt the table until the uphill wheelstarts to lift off the table. The tilt rate should be sufficientlyslow, so that the point at which the uphill tire lifts off can beeasily identified. Record the angle at which the uphill tire liftsoff the table. Repea

47、t the tilting of the table two more times. Theresults of these tests should agree within 61.0. If they do not,verify that the dummy is properly restrained. (There should beno excess slack in the restraint system and the dummy shouldbe properly seated.) Also verify that the trailer is correctlyassemb

48、led. (There should be no excess play in any of thejoints.) Record and average the test results.FIG. 1 Tilt Table for Rollover TestF19750235.2.2 Single-Occupant Trailer TestErect the trailer in themanufacturers suggested use configuration and inflate the tiresto the maximum suggested air pressure. Re

49、strain a dummy intothe seat restraints as suggested by the manufacturer. Theminimum allowable tilt angle for the single-occupant trailer is30.0.5.2.3 Double-Occupant Trailer Test (Fully Loaded)Erectthe trailer in the manufacturers suggested use configurationand inflate the tires to the maximum suggested air pressure.Restrain two dummies into the seat restraints as suggested bythe manufacturer, to bring the trailer to maximum occupancy asdefined by the manufacturer. The minimum allowable tilt anglefor the fully loaded double-occupant t