1、Designation: F 1975 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forNonpowered Bicycle Trailers Designed for HumanPassengers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonpowered trailers intendedto be pulled behind bicycles in order to
3、transport one or twochildren with accessory loads with a maximum weight of 45.4kg (100 lb). It includes test methods for confirming that thisspecification is satisfied.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The
4、following caveat pertains only to the test methodsportion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices
5、anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD 1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel TextilesD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsG23Practice for Operatin
6、g Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials32.2 ANSI Standard:4ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels2.3 Federal Standards:5Title 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i) Hazardous SubstanceTitle 16, CFR 1500.3(c)(6)(vi) Flame TestingTitle 16, CFR 150
7、0.44 FlammabilityTitle 16, CFR 1500.48 Sharp PointsTitle 16, CFR 1500.49 Sharp EdgesTitle 16, CFR 1501 Small PartsTitle 16, CFR 1303 Lead in CoatingsTitle 16, CFR 1512 Requirements for Bicycles, Sections:1512.18(n), Reflector Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1
8、 backrest, nthe segment of the seat that is designed tosupport the occupants back. This may or may not includesupport for the upper body, including the head and neck.3.1.2 bicycle trailer (trailer), na transporting device de-signed to provide a restrained seating position to one or moreoccupants, wi
9、th fastening arrangements for attaching the de-vice, and towing it, behind a bicycle.3.1.3 hard horizontal surface, na surface, perpendicularto the direction of gravity, such as level ground or buildingfloor, whose surface is either concrete, pavement, or similarrigid material whose deflection, whil
10、e carrying the weight of afully loaded trailer, does not exceed 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) from theunloaded horizontal plane at any point.3.1.4 normal use, napplications described as intended usefor the product found within the manufacturers instructionalliterature.3.1.5 normal use temperatures, ntemperature
11、 rangewithin which it should be anticipated that the trailer may beused to transport children. The range is from 7 6 2C to +506 2C.3.1.6 occupant, na child or person who is restrained in aseated position inside the trailer and whose skills do notcontribute to the overall operation and performance of
12、 thevehicle.3.1.7 restrain, vto prevent the occupant(s) of the trailerfrom leaving the seated position on the seat of the trailer bymeans of a restraint system (designed by the manufacturer)when used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.3.1.8 rider, na person whose skills contribute to
13、theoverall operation and performance of the vehicle.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition
14、approved in 2002 as F 1975 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved v
15、ersion of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright
16、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.9 seated height space, na dimension of space that iswithin the protective structure of a trailer. This space is themeasured height of the occupants protective cavity, measuredfrom the seat bot
17、tom and along the backrest to the top of thespace allowed for occupants.3.1.10 test dummy, na dummy that shall be of a designconsistent with the use of the trailer seat and restraint system.It shall have adequate head/neck, shoulder, and arm geometryto ensure proper application of the upper body res
18、traints. Theweight of the dummy shall be 22.7 kg (50 lb). The upper legs,measured perpendicularly from the dummys back, shall ex-tend a minimum of 375 mm (14.8 in.). The dummys back isthe surface of the dummy that is in contact with the seat backwhen the dummy is seated. The dummys bottom is the sur
19、faceof the dummy that is in contact with the seat bottom when thedummy is in the seated position. The weight distributionthroughout the dummy shall result in a center of gravityposition that is 230 6 10 mm (9.16 0.4 in.) from the dummysbottom and 1306 10 mm (5.0 6 0.4 in.) from the dummysback when i
20、n the seated position.3.1.11 tongue, na rigid structure or pole that extends fromthe frame of the trailer to the hitch to the bicycle.3.1.12 useful product lifecycle, nallowable range of timefor continued use of product from date of manufacture asdescribed within the manufacturers instructional lite
21、rature.4. Requirements4.1 GeneralBicycle trailers shall be designed and manu-factured in such a way that components with which anoccupant may come in contact do not cause injury when usedin accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Exposedsurfaces shall be free from burrs, sharp edges, and poi
22、nts. Referto Title 16, CFR 1500, Parts 48 and 49, and Title 16, CFR1501. No openings with which the occupants hands can comein contact shall have dimensions between 6 mm (0.236 in.) and13 mm (0.512 in.). Trailers shall be equipped with rearreflectors; side reflectors are required on wheels. Refer to
23、 Title16, CFR 1512, Parts 16 and 18(n). The manufacturer shall warnthe rider that a load added to the bicycle will alter the stabilityand riding characteristics of the bicycle.4.2 EquipmentTrailers shall be equipped with the follow-ing equipment: seating area, footrest area, space for helmetedhead,
24、devices that reduce contact of the hands and feet withmoving or movable components of the trailer or the bicyclethat could cause injury, and adjustable belt(s) or other captur-ing devices designed to restrain the occupant when seated.4.3 AttachmentThe attachment process for connecting thetrailer to
25、the bicycle shall be of a simple and secure procedure.If tools are required for attachment, attaching shall be accom-plished with common household tools.4.4 DimensionsBackrests shall have a minimum height of350 mm (13.8 in.). The seated height space shall be a minimumof 55 cm (22 in.).4.5 Materials:
26、4.5.1 All nonmetallic materials that compose structuralcomponents will be subjected to either (1) 100 h of acceleratedweathering in accordance with Method 1 of Practice G23,or(2) 60 h of accelerated weathering in accordance with PracticeD 4329. The material sample will then be subjected to a tensile
27、strength test with increasing load until failure. An identicalsample of the same material, not subjected to the acceleratedweathering test, will then be subjected to the same tensilestrength test. The failure load of the accelerated weatheringsample shall be a minimum of 60 % of the failure load of
28、theunweathered sample.4.5.2 All metallic materials from structural componentsshall be tested in accordance with the Salt Spray Test inPractice B117for a period of 96 h. Materials should be placedin the test environment in a condition consistent with theirapplication on the trailer, with surface coat
29、ings and openingssealed or open as in normal use. After exposure to the saltspray, inspect for evidence of corrosion. No corrosion beyond20 % of the primary metal material wall thickness is permitted.Painted portions shall comply with Title 16, CFR 1303.4.5.3 Mechanical properties of materials used
30、in the con-struction of bicycle trailers shall not fail under normal useapplications, and within useful product lifecycle, as a result ofexposure to the temperature variances defined as normal usetemperatures in 3.1.5.4.5.4 Materials known to be a hazardous substance, asdefined in Title 16, CFR 1500
31、.3(b)(4)(i), shall not be used.4.5.5 Materials other than fabrics shall not support flamepropagation in excess of the requirements of Title 16, CFR1500.3(c)(6)(vi) when flame tested to Title 16, CFR 1500.44.Fabrics shall achieve a Class 1 rating when tested in accor-dance with Test Method D 1230.5.
32、Test Methods5.1 Strength TestsThe dummy, or dummies, to be used inthe following tests shall comply with the dummy specificationin 3.1.10.5.1.1 Restraint System Test:5.1.1.1 Erect the trailer in the manufacturers suggested useposition. Remove the trailer tongue. Restrain a dummy intoeach seating posi
33、tion in accordance with the manufacturersinstruction for maximum occupancy.5.1.1.2 Elevate the trailer, as shown in Fig. 1, from the rear,so that the orientation toward the ground is the same as thetrailers direction of forward motion when attached to a bicycle(front-most structure of the trailer is
34、 closest to the impactsurface). The impact surface is a hard material, concrete orsimilar. The drop height is 1.2 m (3.9 ft).5.1.1.3 By convenient method, release the trailer to droponto the surface.5.1.1.4 Inspect the trailer structure. No part of the occu-pants protective structure shall have defo
35、rmed more than 25mm (1.0 in.), or separated. No part of the restraint system shallhave separated.5.1.2 Structural Integrity in Rollover:5.1.2.1 Erect the trailer in the manufacturers suggested useposition. Remove the wheels.5.1.2.2 Place the trailer, as defined by 5.1.2.1, onto the 45incline test ta
36、ble shown in Fig. 2. Fix the trailer to the test tableat the wheel attachment points using dummy wheel hubs, andat the tongue attachment point to the trailer, using a dummytrailer tongue.5.1.2.3 Position the lever arm with slide over the topmostpoint of the trailer frame, as shown. The slide has bea
37、ringsF1975092permitting it to roll along the lever as load is applied. With theweight of the lever arm and the slide resting on trailer frame,mark the position of the slide, along the lever arm. This is theinitial position mark.5.1.2.4 Measure the load, F. This is the force applied at thecontact poi
38、nt by the combined weight of the lever arm and sled.This force shall be less than 20 kg (44 lb).5.1.2.5 Determine the appropriate amount of weight to hangfrom the end of the lever bar. Measure the distance along thelever from the pivot point to the trailer contact point, this ismeasure T in Fig. 2.
39、Then measure the length, L, along thelever arm from pivot point to weight attachment point. Deter-mine to size of the weight, W, from the calculation in Fig. 2.5.1.2.6 Place the weight W at the end of the lever bar, Fig.3, for 15 s then remove. The trailer must support that weight,statically, for 10
40、 s of that period. Leave the lever arm and sledresting on the trailer. Mark the position of the sled along thelever arm. This is the final position mark.5.1.2.7 The distance between the initial position mark andfinal position mark shall be less than 80 mm (3.1 in.).5.2 Tipover Resistance Tests:5.2.1
41、 Tilting ProcedureTilt the table until the uphill wheelstarts to lift off the table. The tilt rate should be sufficientlyslow, so that the point at which the uphill tire lifts off can beeasily identified. Record the angle at which the uphill tire liftsoff the table. Repeat the tilting of the table t
42、wo more times. Theresults of these tests should agree within 61.0. If they do not,verify that the dummy is properly restrained. (There should beno excess slack in the restraint system and the dummy shouldbe properly seated.) Also verify that the trailer is correctlyassembled. (There should be no exc
43、ess play in any of thejoints.) Record and average the test results.5.2.2 Single-Occupant Trailer TestErect the trailer in themanufacturers suggested use configuration and inflate the tiresto the maximum suggested air pressure. Restrain a dummy intothe seat restraints as suggested by the manufacturer
44、. Theminimum allowable tilt angle for the single-occupant trailer is30.0.5.2.3 Double-Occupant Trailer Test (Fully Loaded)Erectthe trailer in the manufacturers suggested use configurationand inflate the tires to the maximum suggested air pressure.Restrain two dummies into the seat restraints as sugg
45、ested bythe manufacturer, to bring the trailer to maximum occupancy asdefined by the manufacturer. The minimum allowable tilt anglefor the fully loaded double-occupant trailer is 30.0.5.2.4 Double-Occupant Trailer Test (Single-OccupantManufacturers Suggested Positioning)Erect the trailer inthe manuf
46、acturers suggested use configuration and inflate thetires to the maximum suggested air pressure. Restrain onedummy into the seat restraints and seating position for a singlepassenger as suggested by the manufacturer. The minimumallowable tilt angle for the double occupant trailer when loadedwith a s
47、ingle occupant in the manufacturers suggested positionis 30.0.5.2.5 Double-Occupant Trailer Test (Single-OccupantDownhill Seating Position)Erect the trailer in the manufac-turers suggested use configuration and inflate the tires to themaximum suggested air pressure. Restrain one dummy into theseatin
48、g position on the downhill side of the trailer, as the tableis tilted. Attach the seat restraints as suggested by the manu-facturer for this seating position. The minimum allowable tiltangle for the double-occupant trailer when loaded with a singleoccupant on the downhill side of the trailer is 25.0
49、.5.3 Coupling Security Test:5.3.1 Erect the trailer in the manufacturers suggested useposition. Inflate tires to maximum suggested air pressure.Restrain a dummy into each seating position in accordancewith the manufacturers instruction for maximum occupancy.By convenient method place an additional 5.7 kg (12.5 lb), perdummy, onto the trailer seat.5.3.2 Fasten the trailer as shown in Fig. 4 to the rear bicycleframe portion of the test fixture. The text fixture must complywith the specifications found in Fig. 5. Measure the horiz
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