ASTM F1979-2004 Standard Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball《彩弹球运动用球的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 1979 04An American National StandardStandard Specification forPaintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification sets forth a set of guidelines and testing procedures for the manufacturing of 0.68caliber

3、 paintballs. The goal is to provide paintball manufacturers with a specification that promotessafety in the sport of paintball.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes testing procedures andcritical characteristics of 0.68 caliber paintballs which helpdefine whether a paintball is suitable for use

4、 in the sport ofpaintball. Furthermore, the specification establishes minimumwarning and package labeling to help ensure that the paintballsare used in a safe manner and that the risk of injury is reduced.1.2 This specification does not cover non-recreational paint-balls, for example, those used by

5、law enforcement, scientific,military, or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of thesafety issues associated with the sport of paintball.

6、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this specification to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to comply with allapplicable laws and regulations.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 fillliquid inside of a paintball.2.1.2 paintballspherical ball,

7、commonly with a diameterof 17.3 mm (0.68 in.), comprised of a shell and a fill, anddesigned to be expelled from a paintball gun.2.1.3 paintball gundevice specifically designed to dis-charge paintballs.2.1.4 paintball markerdevice specifically designed to dis-charge paintballs. The device is sometime

8、s referred to as apaintball gun.2.1.5 shellrigid to semirigid material (generally of gela-tin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.3. General Requirements3.1 pH of Fill MaterialThe pH of the fill used in thepaintball shall measure between 4.5 and 7.5 as measured usinga 10 % solution of the fil

9、l in distilled water. Measurementsshall be made using a properly calibrated pH meter.3.2 Paintball Fill Compatibility With PolycarbonateWhen tested in accordance with Section 4, no more than one ofthe three polycarbonate tensile bars exposed to the fill materialshall develop a visible crack that is

10、greater than 6.5 mm (0.256in.) in length.3.3 Maximum WeightThe paintballs shall not weigh morethan 3.5 g.3.4 Fill Color LimitationsThe paintballs shall not containfill material with a color mimicking that of human blood.3.5 Diameter of PaintballThe diameter of the paintball asmeasured both polar and

11、 at the seam shall measure between16.5 mm (0.650 in.) and 18 mm (0.709 in.).3.6 Impact BreakageThe impact breakage of the paintballshall be tested in accordance with Section 5. All ten of thepaintballs that impact the target shall break upon impact.3.7 Environmental SafetyPaintballs shall not contai

12、n en-vironmentally hazardous substances as defined in CERCLA2Regulations 40CFR302.4; SARAToxic Chemical List3Section313; Clean Air Act4, Section 112B; and RCRA Regulations540FRR261.24 through 40CFR261.33.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facil

13、ities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.24 onPaintball and Equipment.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1979 99.2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Designation of Hazardous Sub

14、stancesList of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities,” Comprehensive Environ-mental Response Compensation and Liabilities Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs,40CFR302.4, April 4, 1985.3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Superfund Amendment and Reautho-rization Act,” Environmental Protection

15、Agency Regulation, Bureau of FederalAffairs, Title III, 1986.4U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “National Emission Standards for AirPollutants List of Hazardous Air Pollutants,” Clean Air Act, Bureau of FederalAffairs, Section 112B, 1967.5U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “Definition of Chara

16、cteristic and ListedHazardous Waste, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste,” ResourceConservation and Recovery Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs, 40CFR261, May 19,1980.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TEST METHODS

17、4. Paintball Compatibility with Polycarbonate4.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine thecompatibility of the paintball fill with polycarbonate, theplastic material currently universally used for protective eye-wear lenses in paintball.4.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involvesben

18、ding polycarbonate tensile bars in a test fixture while thesebars are exposed to the paintball fill material and observinghow these tensile bars react to the fill. A control test is alsoconducted using tap water in place of the paintball fill material.4.3 Significance and UseThis test method provide

19、s ameans to help determine the suitability of specific paintball fillmaterial for use in the sport of paintball. This test methodprovides a relative indicator of the reaction that a polycarbon-ate lens would have to the paintball fill material being tested.4.4 ApparatusThis test method shall be cond

20、ucted using atest fixture as shown in Fig. 1. The tensile bars6used in the testshall be molded of clear 121 grade Lexan7, polycarbonate (Fig.2).4.5 Procedure:4.5.1 Test 3 separate tensile bars for each type of paint beingtested. Test a total of 2 tensile bars in the control test using tapwater.4.5.2

21、 Place the fill from 4 paintballs of the tested paint intoa polyethylene bag, (the zip-lock variety works well), alongwith one tensile bar. Place 15 mL (12 oz) of tap water, alongwith one tensile bar into each of the two control samplepolyethylene bags. Wrap each bag around the bar so that the fillo

22、r water is in contact with the center of the bar, and seal the bagto prevent fill leakage or evaporation.4.5.3 Bend the bagged tensile bars between the two stops onthe test fixture (Fig. 1), which induces a 1.0 % strain orapproximately 175.75 k/cm2(2500 psi). Store the bent tensilebars in the test f

23、ixture at room temperature 23 6 2C (73 63.5F) for 7 days. During the entire 7-day period, the paintballfill material shall be in contact with the center of the tensilebars. Inverting the test fixture is one method of ensuring thiscontact. Wrapping the bag snugly around the tensile bars isanother pro

24、ven method.4.5.4 After 7 days, remove the tensile bars from the testfixture and rinse with clean tap water. Dry the tensile bars andinspect for cracks.4.6 ReportInspect the tensile bars for cracks by holdingthe bars vertically facing either direct sunlight or a bright lightsource. Tilt the bars slig

25、htly to highlight any cracks. Recordand report the length of the longest crack on each tensile bar.If either of the tensile bars used in the control test exhibit acrack of 3 mm (0.112 in.) in length, and cracks longer than 6.5mm have also been found in two of the three tensile barsexposed to the fil

26、l material, the test may be considered invalidand performed again using a different batch of tensile bars.4.7 Precision and BiasNo information is presented abouteither the precision or bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonquantitative.5. Paintball Impact Breakage Test5.1 ScopeThis te

27、st method is intended to determine theability of the paintballs to burst upon impact.5.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involvesshooting paintballs from a paintgun at a target, within theparameters of this specification, to test for the breakage of thepaintballs upon the target.5.3 Significa

28、nce and UseIn the sport of paintball, a playerwho is marked with fill of a paintball is eliminated from thegame, and thus it is desirable that a paintball be designedwithin parameters such that its outer shell can split open andallow its fill to mark the player. This test method provides ameans of i

29、dentifying the breakage ability of paintballs withinparameters that reasonably approximate conditions common inthe game of paintball. This test method provides a means ofidentifying the breakage of paintballs by impacting a target ata velocity common in the game of paintball.5.4 SamplingSelect 30 pa

30、intballs at random from the lotof paintballs being tested.5.5 Apparatus:5.5.1 The propelling device shall be capable of hurlingpaintballs horizontally at a speed of 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20ft/s). Each muzzle velocity shall be measured and if not withintolerance, that impact is not valid.6The sole sour

31、ce of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Hi Tech Mold and Tool Inc., 1520 East St., Pittsfield, MA 01201. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meet

32、ing of theresponsible technical committee1, which you may attend.7Lexan is a trademark of GE Plastics.FIG. 1 Tensile Bar Shown Without WrappingFIG. 2 Tensile BarF19790425.5.2 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testpaintball shall be accurate to within 60.5 m/s (620 ft/s)muzzle velocity.5

33、.6 Conditioning:5.6.1 All impact testing shall be done using paintballsmanufactured within the previous 8 months.5.6.2 Paintball storage and the non-test handling shall bedone at a relative humidity below 65 % and a temperaturebetween 19C (66F) and 27C (80F).5.6.3 Paintballs shall be conditioned in

34、their original sealedcontainer for at least4hatthehumidity and temperaturespecified in 5.6.2.5.6.4 The testing shall be conducted at the temperaturesspecified in 5.6.2 and shall be completed within 10 min afterremoval of the paintball from the sealed container. Thepaintball container shall be reseal

35、ed immediately after eachgroup of paintballs is removed.5.7 Procedure:5.7.1 Secure a plywood target with a minimum thickness of10-mm vertically at a distance of 24.4 6 0.3-m (80 6 1-ft)linear ground distance from the muzzle of the propellingdevice. Width and length of the target to be of a size that

36、 thelaboratory determines necessary to hit the target.5.7.2 Measure the velocity of the paintball within 1.0 m (3.3ft) of the muzzle of the propelling device. Paintball velocityshall be 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s).5.7.3 Impact the plywood target with ten paintballs at anangle nominally normal to th

37、e target and at the distance inaccordance with 5.7.1. Only those shots that are within thevelocity tolerance in accordance with 5.7.2 shall be used in thistest method.5.8 Precision and BiasNo information is presented abouteither the precision or bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonq

38、uantitative.6. Product Marking6.1 General Instructions:6.1.1 Warnings, instructions, and the name and address ofthe manufacturer or distributor shall appear on the exterior ofeach point of sale container in which a manufacturer packagesits paintballs.6.1.2 The lot number of paintballs shall appear o

39、n eachpoint of sale container containing 500 or more paintballs.6.1.3 The size of the print for warnings, instructions, andmanufacturers information shall be of a type size of at least 8points. The add letters in the word WARNING shall be at least50 % larger than the letters in the other words in th

40、e cautionarystatement.6.2 Warning InformationThe following warning informa-tion or its equivalent shall appear as defined in 6.1.6.2.1 These paintballs are intended only for use in the sportof paintball; follow all rules for safe paintball play.6.2.2 Goggles, facemasks, and ear protection designed s

41、pe-cifically for use in paintball games are mandatory at all timesfor all persons who are within paintball gun range.6.2.3 Failure to follow the rules for safe paintball play, andthe instructions and recommendations in this specification,may result in bodily injury including face, eye, and ear injur

42、y,blindness, or deafness.6.2.4 Do not shoot paintballs at a speed in excess of 300 ft/s(92 m/s).6.2.5 Do not ingest.6.3 Instruction Information: The following instruction in-formation or its equivalent shall be in accordance with 6.1.6.3.1 Failure to follow these storage instructions may ad-versely

43、affect performance and quality and increase the possi-bility of injury.6.3.2 Instructions on how to properly store paintballs in-cluding: temperature and humidity ranges for storage andpackaging requirements.7. Keywords7.1 paintball; paintball sportsASTM International takes no position respecting th

44、e validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard i

45、s subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International He

46、adquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This s

47、tandard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1979043