ASTM F1979-2009 Standard Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball.pdf

1、Designation: F 1979 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forPaintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification sets forth a set of guidelines and testing procedures for the manufacturing of 0.68caliber

3、paintballs. The goal is to provide paintball manufacturers with a specification that promotessafety in the sport of paintball.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes testing procedures andcritical characteristics of 0.68 caliber paintballs which helpdefine whether a paintball is suitable for use

4、in the sport ofpaintball. Furthermore, the specification establishes minimumwarning and package labeling to help ensure that the paintballsare used in a safe manner and that the risk of injury is reduced.1.2 This specification does not cover non-recreational paint-balls, for example, those used by l

5、aw enforcement, scientific,military, or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of thesafety issues associated with the sport of paintball.

6、It is theresponsibility of the user of this specification to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to comply with allapplicable laws and regulations.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 cubic centimeter, ncommonly used unit of volumeextending the deri

7、ved SI-unit cubic meter and corresponding tothe volume of a cube measuring 1 3 1 3 1 cm.2.1.1.1 DiscussionThe mass of one cubic centimeter ofwater is approximately equal to 1 g.2.1.2 fill material, nliquid inside of a paintball.2.1.3 paintball, nspherical ball, commonly with a diam-eter of 17.3 mm (

8、0.68 in.), comprised of a shell and a fill, anddesigned to be expelled from a paintball gun.2.1.4 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed todischarge paintballs.2.1.5 shellrigid to semirigid material (generally of gela-tin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.3. General Requirements3.1

9、 pH of Fill MaterialThe pH of the fill material used inthe paintball shall measure between 4.0 and 8.0 as measuredusing a 10 % solution of the fill in distilled water. Measure-ments shall be made using a properly calibrated pH meter. SeeFig. 1 for the pH scale and pH levels for some common items.3.2

10、 Paintball Fill Compatibility With PolycarbonateWhen tested in accordance with Section 4, no more than one ofthe three polycarbonate tensile bars exposed to the fill materialshall develop a visible crack that is greater than 6.5 mm (0.256in.) in length.3.3 Maximum WeightThe paintballs shall not weig

11、h morethan 3.5 g.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.24 onPaintball and Equipment.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1999. Last previo

12、us edition approved in 2004 as F 1979 04.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.4 Fill Color LimitationsThe paintballs shall not containfill material with a color mimicking that of human blood.3.5 Diameter of PaintballThe

13、diameter of the paintball asmeasured both polar and at the seam shall measure between16.5 mm (0.650 in.) and 18 mm (0.709 in.).3.6 Impact BreakageThe impact breakage of the paintballshall be tested in accordance with Section 5. All ten of thepaintballs that impact the target shall break upon impact.

14、3.7 Environmental SafetyPaintballs shall not contain en-vironmentally hazardous or toxic substances as defined inCERCLA2Regulations 40CFR302.4; SARA Toxic ChemicalList3Section 313; Clean Air Act4, Section 112B; and RCRARegulations540FRR261.24 through 40CFR261.33.TEST METHODS4. Paintball Compatibilit

15、y with Polycarbonate4.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine thecompatibility of the paintball fill with polycarbonate, theplastic material currently universally used for protective eye-wear lenses in paintball.4.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involvesbending polycarbonate tensil

16、e bars in a test fixture while thesebars are exposed to the paintball fill material and observinghow these tensile bars react to the fill. A control test is alsoconducted using tap water in place of the paintball fill material.4.3 Significance and UseThis test method provides ameans to help determin

17、e the suitability of specific paintball fillmaterial for use in the sport of paintball. This test methodprovides a relative indicator of the reaction that a polycarbon-ate lens would have to the paintball fill material being tested.4.4 ApparatusThis test method shall be conducted using atest fixture

18、 as shown in Fig. 2. The tensile bars6used in the testshall be molded of clear 121 grade Lexan7, polycarbonate (Fig.3).4.5 Procedure:4.5.1 Test 3 separate tensile bars for each type of paint beingtested. Test a total of 2 tensile bars in the control test using tapwater.4.5.2 Place the fill from 4 pa

19、intballs of the tested paint intoa polyethylene bag, (the zip-lock variety works well), alongwith one tensile bar. Place 15 mL (12 oz) of tap water, alongwith one tensile bar into each of the two control sample2U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Designation of Hazardous SubstancesList of Hazardo

20、us Substances and Reportable Quantities,” Comprehensive Environ-mental Response Compensation and Liabilities Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs,40CFR302.4, April 4, 1985.3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Superfund Amendment and Reautho-rization Act,” Environmental Protection Agency Regulation, Bur

21、eau of FederalAffairs, Title III, 1986.4U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “National Emission Standards for AirPollutants List of Hazardous Air Pollutants,” Clean Air Act, Bureau of FederalAffairs, Section 112B, 1967.5U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “Definition of Characteristic and ListedHa

22、zardous Waste, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste,” ResourceConservation and Recovery Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs, 40CFR261, May 19,1980.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Hi Tech Mold and Tool Inc., 1520 East St., Pittsfield, MA 01201. If

23、 you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7Lexan is a trademark of GE Plastics.FIG. 1 The pH ScaleFIG. 2 Tensile

24、Bar Shown Without WrappingFIG. 3 Tensile BarF1979092polyethylene bags. Wrap each bag around the bar so that the fillor water is in contact with the center of the bar, and seal the bagto prevent fill leakage or evaporation.4.5.3 Bend the bagged tensile bars between the two stops onthe test fixture (F

25、ig. 2), which induces a 1.0 % strain orapproximately 175.75 k/cm2(2500 psi). Store the bent tensilebars in the test fixture at room temperature 23 6 2C (73 63.5F) for 7 days. During the entire 7-day period, the paintballfill material shall be in contact with the center of the tensilebars. Inverting

26、the test fixture is one method of ensuring thiscontact. Wrapping the bag snugly around the tensile bars isanother proven method.4.5.4 After 7 days, remove the tensile bars from the testfixture and rinse with clean tap water. Dry the tensile bars andinspect for cracks.4.6 ReportInspect the tensile ba

27、rs for cracks by holdingthe bars vertically facing either direct sunlight or a bright lightsource. Tilt the bars slightly to highlight any cracks. Recordand report the length of the longest crack on each tensile bar.If either of the tensile bars used in the control test exhibit acrack of 3 mm (0.112

28、 in.) in length, and cracks longer than 6.5mm have also been found in two of the three tensile barsexposed to the fill material, the test may be considered invalidand performed again using a different batch of tensile bars.4.7 Precision and BiasNo information is presented abouteither the precision o

29、r bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonquantitative.5. Paintball Impact Breakage Test5.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine theability of the paintballs to burst upon impact.5.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involvesshooting paintballs from a paintgun at a target

30、, within theparameters of this specification, to test for the breakage of thepaintballs upon the target.5.3 Significance and UseIn the sport of paintball, a playerwho is marked with fill of a paintball is eliminated from thegame, and thus it is desirable that a paintball be designedwithin parameters

31、 such that its outer shell can split open andallow its fill to mark the player. This test method provides ameans of identifying the breakage ability of paintballs withinparameters that reasonably approximate conditions common inthe game of paintball. This test method provides a means ofidentifying t

32、he breakage of paintballs by impacting a target ata velocity common in the game of paintball.5.4 SamplingSelect 30 paintballs at random from the lotof paintballs being tested.5.5 Apparatus:5.5.1 The propelling device shall be capable of hurlingpaintballs horizontally at a speed of 85.3 6 6 m/s (280

33、6 20ft/s). Each muzzle velocity shall be measured and if not withintolerance, that impact is not valid.5.5.2 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testpaintball shall be accurate to within 60.5 m/s (620 ft/s)muzzle velocity.5.6 Conditioning:5.6.1 All impact testing shall be done using paint

34、ballsmanufactured within the previous 8 months.5.6.2 Paintball storage and the non-test handling shall bedone at a relative humidity below 65 % and a temperaturebetween 19C (66F) and 27C (80F).5.6.3 Paintballs shall be conditioned in their original sealedcontainer for at least4hatthehumidity and tem

35、peraturespecified in 5.6.2.5.6.4 The testing shall be conducted at the temperaturesspecified in 5.6.2 and shall be completed within 10 min afterremoval of the paintball from the sealed container. Thepaintball container shall be resealed immediately after eachgroup of paintballs is removed.5.7 Proced

36、ure:5.7.1 Secure a plywood target with a minimum thickness of10-mm vertically at a distance of 24.4 6 0.3-m (80 6 1-ft)linear ground distance from the muzzle of the propellingdevice. Width and length of the target to be of a size that thelaboratory determines necessary to hit the target.5.7.2 Measur

37、e the velocity of the paintball within 1.0 m (3.3ft) of the muzzle of the propelling device. Paintball velocityshall be 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s).5.7.3 Impact the plywood target with ten paintballs at anangle nominally normal to the target and at the distance inaccordance with 5.7.1. Only those s

38、hots that are within thevelocity tolerance in accordance with 5.7.2 shall be used in thistest method.5.8 Precision and BiasNo information is presented abouteither the precision or bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonquantitative.6. Product Marking6.1 General Instructions:6.1.1 Warni

39、ngs, instructions, and the name and address ofthe manufacturer or distributor shall appear on the exterior ofeach point of sale container in which a manufacturer packagesits paintballs.6.1.2 The lot number of paintballs shall appear on eachpoint of sale container containing 500 or more paintballs.6.

40、1.3 The size of the print for warnings, instructions, andmanufacturers information shall be of a type size of at least 8points. The add letters in the word WARNING shall be at least50 % larger than the letters in the other words in the cautionarystatement.6.2 Warning InformationThe following warning

41、 informa-tion or its equivalent shall appear as defined in 6.1.6.2.1 These paintballs are intended only for use in the sportof paintball; follow all rules for safe paintball play.6.2.2 Goggles, facemasks, and ear protection designed spe-cifically for use in paintball games are mandatory at all times

42、for all persons who are within paintball gun range.6.2.3 Failure to follow the rules for safe paintball play, andthe instructions and recommendations in this specification,may result in bodily injury including face, eye, and ear injury,blindness, or deafness.6.2.4 Do not shoot paintballs at a speed

43、in excess of 300 ft/s(92 m/s).6.2.5 Do not ingest.6.3 Instruction Information: The following instruction in-formation or its equivalent shall be in accordance with 6.1.F19790936.3.1 Failure to follow these storage instructions may ad-versely affect performance and quality and increase the possi-bili

44、ty of injury.6.3.2 Instructions on how to properly store paintballs in-cluding: temperature and humidity ranges for storage andpackaging requirements.7. Keywords7.1 paintball; paintball marker; paintball sportsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted

45、 in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the

46、 responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive c

47、areful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internati

48、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1979094